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CavityResonators RADAR FundamentalFixedFrequencyOscillatorsUltralowPhaseNoise

(formersolution:expensiveDRO'sandmultipliedupcrystalor
BiasFilterNetworks
Groundbsed SAWbaseddevicewithdecreasedperformane)
GainEqualizers Avionis/Missile
Shipboard

Communications NarrowBandTunableVCOorPhaseLockedOscillators(typically
3%tuning)(formersolution:varactortunedexpensiveDRO)
BaseStations
WLAN,WLL
SONET/SDH

Military IntegrationofhighperformanceOscillatorsdirectlyonthesystem
motherboardwithouttheexpenseandcomplexityofsub
RFID assemblies,housingandlaborintensiveoperationstypicalof
ECM/ECCM/EW formersolutions.

Tx/Rx
ManPackRadio

Aerospace
Intelligent
Munitions

Instrumentation Narrowbandwidthlowlossfilters(formersolution:lowlossSAW
deviceswithfrequencylimitationandpoorperformance)

DLIs Cavity Resonators provide an ideal solution for high performance, lowcost microwave, or millimeter wave
oscillators.ThepatentedhighQcavityresonatordevicesarefullyshieldedanddesignedonourtemperaturestable,
highdielectricconstantceramics.
Anequivalentcircuitmodelingtoolwasdevelopedthatenablesoptimizationofresonatorbasedoscillatordesignsand
constrains circuit element values to realizable combinations. Below are example models at 8 GHz. Two models are
shownusingCFceramic,oneusingFS,andoneusingCG.

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Frequenciesofresonatordesignsrangefrom
<1.0to>67GHzandcanbecustomizedfor
eithersoldersurfacemountorchipandwire
applications.Highreliabilitythinfilmgold
metallizationisemployedandfrequency
tolerancesaslowas0.1%areattainable.

SingleFrequencyCavityResonators

TheequivalentcircuitoftheSingleFrequencyCavityResonator(SFCR)nearitslowestresonatfrequencyisshown.
Thelowestresonatmodeistypicallyemployedinoscillatorandfilterdesigns.Theelementvaluesareshownfora9.95
GHz SFCR. The resonat frequency is set by the parallel combination of Cp and Lp, the finite unloaded Q by R. The
series capacitance Cs connects the resonator LC to the input pad, thus setting the coupling between the external
circuitandthefrequecnycontrollingLCresonator.ThecapacitanceCshisastraycapacitancebetweentheinputand
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circuitandthefrequecnycontrollingLCresonator.ThecapacitanceCshisastraycapacitancebetweentheinputand
and ground. All of these netweork elements have excellent repeatability providing thight control over resonat
frequency, coupling and input impedance. The structure also provides an integrated DC blocking function, thus
eliminationg a tolerance sensitive element from the bill of materials. For wide bandwidth circuit modeling, S
Parameters are recommended. SParameters are available for downloading (LINK). The resonators are redily
customizedforfrequency,coupling,Q,tunabilityandassemblyrequirements.

ThisgraphdepictstypicalSFCRfrequencystabilityversustemperatureforDLIstandarddielectricmaterials.

A sampling of representative SFCR characteristics is shown in the below table to illustrate the primary resonator
design variables (frequency of resonance, cavity material dielectric constant, lengthbywidth dimensions). The
interactionofthesevariablesisdiscussedinfurtherdetailinalatersection.TheloadedQoftheresonatorsisaffected
bythecouplingcoefficient(denotedinthetablesintermsofreturnloss),thematerialchoice(dielectricconstant),and
by material thickness. Generally, resonators made from thick, low dielectric constant materials are capable of the
highestloadedQs.Forreference,whenaresonatorhasacouplingcoefficientof1.0,itwillexhibitanexcellentreturn
lossattheresonatfrequencyandtheunloadedQwillbe2timestheloadedQvalue.Thedesiredlevelofresonator
couplingvarieswithindividualcircuitrequirementssuchasvaractorfrequencytuningortransistornegativeresistance
value.TheunloadedQsofthecasesshownrangeupto2,000,clearlyanewstandardforacomponentcompatible
withautomatedassembly.IncontrasttootherhighQWmicrowaveresonators,DLIscavityresonatoriscompletely
selfcontained. Large, expensive housings are not needed. Its loaded Q and resonant frequency can be directly
measuredusingRFcoplanarprobetechnology.Thus,ambiguitiesofspecialtestfixturesandcomponentswhichare
notappropriatetotheproductrealizationareeliminatedfrompartevaluation.

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Eliminatelage,expensivehousings
MeasuredusingRFcoplanarprobesnofixtures
necessary
Automatedassembly
Q'supto2000

EstimatingResonatorSize

Thesizeofthecavityresonatorisdeterminedbythedesiredresonatfrequencyandtheceramicmaterialselected.At
thesameresonatfrequency,ahigherdielectricconstantmaterialwillofferreducedsizecomparedtoalowerdielectric
constant material. Resonators are typically designed on thick ceramics doe to Q increasing with material thickness.
ThebelowchartscanbeusedasaguideforestimatingresonatorsizesontypicalDLImaterials.Designsareslightly
rectangular in shape. Length to width aspect rations are usually less than 1.2:1. For additional information consult
thefactory.

TuningSFCRs

DLIhastheabilitytolasertrimdownthefrequencyofacavityresonatorbyapproximately2%oftheactualresonat
frequency.Theresonatorsincorporatelithographydefinedsnakeeyesthatthelasercanrecognizeasastartingpoint
totrimthroughthegold.Frequenciesaboveandbelowthisrangeareobtainable.Thetablebelowshowsamatrixof
resonatfrequenciesandtheirtunablerange.

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Thegraphbelowshowsa9.9GHzresonatorthatwastuneddowninfrequencybylasertrimmingslotsthroughthe
goldmetallization.Inthisparticularexamplethepartwaslaseredapproximately96MHzlowerthanitstrueresonate
frequency(1%).Tuningresonatorsupinfrequencyispossiblebyusingphotolithographytodefineslotsonthetop
sideoftheresonatorcircuit.Wirebondingacrosstheslotswilltunethedeviceupinfrequency.

MountingAlternatives

PleaseseeourapplicationnotewhichgoesintodetailonthetwodifferentmethodsofmountingSFCRs.

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