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Charles Darwin Origin Of Species (book) Tobacco Mosaic

1859 10 years voyage in ship HMS Beagle


when young he colleected 117 types of beetles Virus can be Seen only through an electron
microscope
living organisms on the earth have
evolved gradually from one form to another over Electron microscope was invented by Ernst
a million years, and c.darwin was the first Ruska and Max Knoll in 1931.
person to explain why ape and man, cat and tiger
share common characters Bacteriophage used in genetic research
Biology : study of living thing Bacteria: It can be seen with the help of
Botany : study of Plants compound microscope.
Zoology : study of animals Bacteria is discovered by Anton Van
Microbiology : study of micro-organisms Leeuwenhoek in 1675
Virology : study of virus
Bacteriology : study of bacteria
Diseases Bacteria
Organisms differ in their character, habit, size, Diphtheria
structure, nutrition and habitat. This is known as Pyorrhea
Bio-diversity. Organisms exist in different forms
such as micro- organisms, plants, animals,worms, Citrus canker
insects and birds. Blight disease of
tomato
Organisms that can be seen only under a
microscope are called micro-organisms. Anthrax
Tuberculosis
Bacterium, virus, fungus, alga, protozoan etc. are Pneumonia
micro-organisms.
Tetanus
Bacterium and protozoan are Unicellular
microorganisms. Use Bacteria

Fungi and algae are multicellular organism Milk to curd


Garbage to manure
Virus and diseases
Fermentation of flour
Robert Gallo Hiv - 1984
Protista : Organism made up of single cell carry
out all activities like ingestion, digestion,
Diseases Virus
respiration, excertion and reproduction belonged
Swine flu to the kingdom protista
Bird flu
eg : Chlamydomonas, Amoeba, Euglena,
chikungunya Plasmodium.
Jaundice
Fungi : Mostly Multicellular
Polio
Chicken Pox Alexandar fleming discoved penicillin in 1928
Rabies and it is extacted from the fungus penicillium
notatum
Aids
Common cold
Diseases Fungies oviparous (egg laying)
Dandruff Snakes : class reptilia; respire through lungs.
Sponge in bread Heart is three chambered. These are oviparous.

Mushroom is also one type of fungus Crocodile does not protrude their tounge and are
colour blind
algae : multicellular organisms. They have
chlorophyll pigment - prepare own food Anaconda, the worlds biggest snake is
photosynthesis. viviparous. (gives birth to young ones)

Eg : King Cobra is 5.5 m long and one drop of its


venom can kill 30 people!
Micro algae : chalmydomonus (Motile in
nature i.e it will move) , volvox Birds have four chambered heart. Oviparous.
Macro algae : spirogyra Respiration through lungs

Facts : Mammals: heart is four chambered. Feed


A dot can be filled with 70,000 amoebae. youngue on with milk
17,000 types of micro-organisms live in a
human body. eg : Monkey, elephant, bat, cat, rat, blue whale
and man
Plant : Mostly naked seeded plants are found in
Blue whale is the largest living organism. Weight
snow covered mountains and cool places.
nearly equal to 22 elephants. Its heart is of a size
of a small car.
Eg : cycas, pine
Laika dog was first animal sent to the space by
societ russia
Dicot : Plants that have seeds which can be
In cows, sweat glands are found on the surface of
separated into two cotyledons are called dicot
nose.
plants.
Man is the only living animal who can sleep with
his back touching the floor.
Eg :
The trunk of an elephant is the modified form of
nose and upper lip. Tusks are the incisors of the
Monocot : Plants that have seeds which cannot
elephant.
be separated into two cotyledons are called
Humming Bird is the only bird that can fly
monocot plants.
forwards, backwards and sideways.
Invertebrates : Animals that do not have a bony
Eg :
structure along their backs (backbones) are called
Invertebrates
Roots :
eg : Worms : tapeworm, hookworm and
Tap root system have reticulate venation.
roundworm
fibrous root system have parallel venation.
Inscets : mosquito, housefly, honeybee
Earthworm : Friend of farmer used in
Vertebrates : Animals that have a strong bony
preparation of vermicompost.
structure along their backs (backbones) are called
Molluscs: softbodied muscular foot slow
vertebrates
movement eg : snail
Echinoderms: exclusively marine. Eg: starfish,
eg : Fishes aquatic -- bodyis covered with
sea cucumber. skin is covered with calcareous
scales Respiration through gills
spines. Using these spines they attack their
enemies. They can regenerate the broken or lost
Frogs: amphibians : live both on land and in
parts.
water. Respiration through lungs, skin and gills

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