Traditional BTSE Architecture Siemens

Traditional BTSE Architecture

Contents
1 Major Functions of the BTSE 3
2 Major Functions of the BTSE Modules 7
2.1 Central Modules 14
2.2 Modules per Carrier 16
2.3 Modules per Cell 18
2.4 Power Supply Modules 29
2.5 Bus Systems 31
3 Transmit and Receive Path 33
4 Examples of BTSE Configurations 37
4.1 Example 1: Single Cell (3) 38
4.2 Example 2: Single Cell (3) 39
4.3 Example 3: Single Cell (5) 40
4.4 Example 4: Multi Cell (2,2,2) 41
4.5 Example 5: Multi Cell (1,3,2) 42
5 Rack Configurations 43
6 Appendix: BS11 47
7 Exercises 59

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1 Major Functions of the BTSE

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The Base Transceiver Station Equipment (BTSE) provides interfaces to the BSC, MS
and LMT.

The BTSE performs the following main tasks:

l Provides the RF-link connection to the mobile stations (MS).
l Supports various cell types (omni and sector cells).
l Provides the PCM link connection to the Base Station Controller (BSC) via a
terrestrial line or microwave (additional equipment is required).

PCM 30

PCM 30

BS
BSC
20/60 BS
21/61
Indoor Outdoor

LMT

Fig. 1 BTSE principles

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The following table shows the various BTSE products of the traditional family. In the
appendix of this register you will find some remarks to the micro BTS BS-11.

BS-20 BS-21 BS-22 BS-60 BS-61

Indoor X X X
Outdoor X X X
Maximum X X X
2 carriers
Maximum X X
6 carriers
Maximum
24 carriers

The BS-2x family with two transceivers per rack, can be provided in the following
three versions:
l A BS-20 for indoor installation.
l A BS-21 for outdoor installation (with integrated power supply and small battery).
l A BS-22 for indoor and outdoor applications with restricted space.

The BS-6x family with six transceivers per rack, can be provided in the following two
versions:
l A BS-60 for indoor installation.
l A BS-61 for outdoor installation.

All BTSE types have the same wide spectrum of features ranging from various cell
applications (omni or sectored) over hybrid or duplex on air combiners to antenna
diversity or the remote receiver antenna pre-amplifier.

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2 Major Functions of the BTSE Modules

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The different modules of the BTSE are shown in the following figures:

DUCOM
PA
Abis
Interface
TXFIL
LI
PA
RXFIL

MCLK

TXFIL RXAMCO TRXA B

U
S B
U
RXFIL RXAMCO TRXD
1 S
TPU BBSIG
DIVERSITY 2
Ext.Alarm
Controls ALCO

CCTRL
DCPA DCTPU GPSU

to LMT

1+1 redundancy: only for BUS 1 and BUS 2

multiple units

Fig. 2 Principle internal architecture of BTSE (BS-2x, BS-6x) with duplex antennas

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The following table summarizes the BTSE modules in case of duplex antennas:

Abbreviation Full module name

ALCO Alarm and Control
BBSIG Base Band and Signaling Processing
CCTRL Core Controller
DCPA DC Supply for Power Amplifier
DCTPU DC Supply for Transceiver Processor Unit
DUCOM Duplex Combiner
GPSU Generic Power Supply Unit
LI Link Interface
MCLK Master Clock
PA Power Amplifier
RXFIL Receiver Frequency Bandpass Filter
RXAMCO Receiver Antenna Module and Multi
Coupler
TPU Transceiver Processor Unit
TRXA: Analog Part
TRXD: Digital Part
TXFIL Transmitter Frequency Bandpass Filter

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Hybrid
TXAMOD (Filter) PA Abis
Network Interface
LI

MCLK
RXMUCO TRXA B
U
S B
U
RXAMOD TRXD
1 S
TPU BBSIG
2
Ext.Alarm
Controls ALCO
RXMUCO
DIVERSITY

RXAMOD CCTRL

to LMT
DCPA DCTPU GPSU

1+1 redundancy: only for BUS 1 and BUS 2

multiple units

Fig. 3 Principle internal architecture of BTSE (BS-2x, BS-6x) with simplex antennas

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The following table summarizes the BTSE modules in case of simplex antennas:

Abbreviation Full module name

ALCO Alarm and Control
BBSIG Base Band and Signaling Processing
CCTRL Core Controller
DCPA DC Supply for Power Amplifier
DCTPU DC Supply for Transceiver Processor Unit
FICOM Filter Combiner
GPSU Generic Power Supply Unit
HYCOM Hybrid Combiner
LI Link Interface
MCLK Master Clock
PA Power Amplifier
RXAMOD Receiver Antenna Module
RXMUCO Receiver Multi Coupler
TPU Transceiver Processor Unit
TRXA: Analog Part
TRXD: Digital Part
TXAMOD Transmit Antenna Module

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The modules of the BTSE can be divided into:

l Central modules
l Modules per carrier
l Modules per cell
l Power supply modules

Module class BTSE modules

Central modules MCLK, LI, CCTRL, ALCO
Modules per carrier BBSIG, TPU, PA
Modules per cell ACOM (DUCOM, HYCOM, FICOM),
RXAMOD, RXMUCO, RXAMCO
Power supply modules GPSU, DCPA, DCTPU

Some of the BTSE modules belong to the RF part of the BTSE and therefore are
frequency dependent, i.e. they are different for D900, D1800 and D1900. These
modules are: ACOM (DUCOM, HYCOM, FICOM), PA, RXAMCO, RXAMOD,
RXMUCO, TPU.

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2.1 Central Modules

2.1.1 Master Clock (MCLK)

The Master Clock (MCLK):
l Supplies the clock and frame information to other BTSE units.
l Is implemented with a computer-controlled PLL (Phase Locked Loop) to allow
accurate synchronization to the PCM link.

2.1.2 Link Interface (LI)

The Link Interface (LI):
l Extracts the network clock information for the MCLK.
l Passes all relevant BTSE data (traffic and signaling channels) to Bus 2.
l Provides on layer 1 a PCM link to the BSC (Abis interface).
l Automatically connects its two ports by means of relays, if the BTSE fails.

2.1.3 Core Controller (CCTRL)

The Core Controller (CCTRL):
l Supervises Bus 1.
l Handles LAPD signaling channels.
l Passes all radio link signaling messages to/from baseband modules (BBSIG).
l Controls all O&M tasks of an entire BTSE.
l Houses flash EPROM where the BTSE software is stored.
l Collects the alarms from units having Bus 1 access.

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2.1.4 Alarm and Control (ALCO)

The Alarm and Control (ALCO):
l Collects the alarms from units having no Bus 1 access.
l Collects the external alarms (from the rack, the outdoor cabinet, the AC power
supply).
l Provides identification of the right slot occupation for all boards without processors
(e.g., the GPSU).

The signals collected by the ALCO are dispatched to the CCTRL for further handling.

DUCOM
PA
Abis
Interface
TXFIL
LI
PA
RXFIL

MCLK

TXFIL RXAMCO TRXA B

U
S B
U
RXFIL RXAMCO TRXD
1 S
TPU BBSIG
DIVERSITY 2
Ext.Alarm
Controls ALCO

CCTRL
DCPA DCTPU GPSU

to LMT

1+1 redundancy: only for BUS 1 and BUS 2

multiple units

Fig. 4 Modules of the BTSE, central modules shaded gray

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2.2 Modules per Carrier

2.2.1 Baseband and Signaling Processing Unit (BBSIG)

The Baseband and Signaling Processing Unit (BBSIG):
l Receives the traffic channels from the Link Interface via Bus 2.
l Receives Layer 3 messages via Bus 1.
l Performs in downlink direction the following functions on the traffic channels:
- Encoding: The speech data is coded to allow for error detection and correction.
- Ciphering: The speech being transmitted is scrambled, thus preventing the Um
interface from being monitored.
- Interleaving: The process of spreading the speech sample over more than one
burst. If a burst is lost, it can be recovered via the encoding scheme.
- Burst-generation: The bit structure of a burst depends on the type of information
to be transmitted.
l Performs in uplink direction decoding, decryption, de-interleaving and burst-
deformation.
l Executes the pre-processing of uplink measurements and measurement reports
sent from MS and performs the power control and handover recognition.
l Passes the power control information to the power amplifier.
l Converts channel-related control data, received via Bus 1, to LAPDm format.

2.2.2 Transceiver and Processor Unit (TPU)

The Transceiver and Processor Unit (TPU) consists of two main blocks, the TRXA
and TRXD.
l The TRXA part contains all of the analog signal processing parts and has a
transmit and receive path. The receive path provides the diversity function.
l The TRXD part contains all of the digital signal processing parts:
- It passes power control information to the power amplifier.
- It performs midamble processing.
- It transmits/receives bursts to/from BBSIG via Bus 1.

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2.2.3 Power Amplifier (PA)

The Power Amplifier (PA):
l Provides the required RF power in the downlink path.
l Its performance depends on the frequency range (900 or 1800 or 1900 MHz) and
the application area. This results in different power amplifier types. In general for
every frequency range two power amplifier classes are defined, low (PA) and high
power (HPA) version. The output power of the power amplifiers for D900, D1800
and D1900 are listed in the following table:

D900 D1800 D1900

Low Power (PA) 25 Watt 25 Watt 25 Watt
High Power (HPA) 50 Watt 35 Watt 35 Watt

DUCOM
PA
Abis
Interface
TXFIL
LI
PA
RXFIL

MCLK

TXFIL RXAMCO TRXA B

U
S B
U
RXFIL RXAMCO TRXD
1 S
TPU BBSIG
DIVERSITY 2
Ext.Alarm
Controls ALCO

CCTRL
DCPA DCTPU GPSU

to LMT

1+1 redundancy: only for BUS 1 and BUS 2

multiple units

Fig. 5 Modules of the BTSE, modules per carrier shaded gray

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2.3 Modules per Cell

2.3.1 Antenna Combiner (ACOM)

The following Antenna Combiners (ACOM) can be used depending on the
requirements of the customer:
l Duplex Combiner (DUCOM)
l Hybrid Combiner (HYCOM)
l Filter Combiner (FICOM)

Depending on the modules used in the receive path, the following antenna combiners
can be used in the BS-2x and BS-6x families:

l BS-60/61
HYCOM with RXAMOD and RXMUCO in the receive path.
HYCOM with RXFIL and RXAMCO in the receive path.
DUCOM with RXAMCO in the receive path.
FICOM with RXAMOD and RXMUCO in the receive path.
FICOM with RXFIL and RXAMCO in the receive path.

l BS-20
HYCOM with RXAMOD and RXMUCO in the receive path.
HYCOM with RXFIL and RXAMCO in the receive path.
DUKIT with RXAMCO in the receive path.

l BS-21
DUKIT with RXAMCO in the receive path.

l BS-22
DUKIT with RXAMCO in the receive path.

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When the BTSE is operated without RXAMOD in the receive path, but using the
RXAMCO, a separate receive filter (RXFIL) is required between the receive antenna
and RXAMCO. These receive filters are integrated within the Duplex Combiner
(DUCOM) equipment, but not within Hybrid and Filter Combiners (HYCOM and
FICOM). In the latter case, the receive antenna is connected directly to a separate
RXFIL, generally positioned on top of the BTSE.

Depending on the type of ACOM different frequency hopping technologies can be

used:
ACOM Frequency hopping
DUCOM Baseband hopping and synthesizer
hopping
HYCOM Baseband hopping and synthesizer
hopping
FICOM Only baseband hopping

The combiner losses depend on the combiner type and the frequency range.

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2.3.1.1 Hybrid Combiner (HYCOM)

The Hybrid Combiner (HYCOM) is available in three types: HYCOM 1:1, HYCOM 2:1
and HYCOM 4:1. It consists of the following two major components:
l Hybrid Combiner network:
Can be used to combine up to four carriers.
Uses the hybrid combining technique.
l Transmit Antenna Module (TXAMOD):
Consists of a transmission bandpass filter and a directional coupler that are
physically included in the HYCOM.
The transmission bandpass filter provides the required suppression of inter-
modulation products outside the transmit band, and protects the receiver against
Tx phase noise and spurious emission impacts.
The directional coupler monitors the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) on the
antenna feeder line.

All the components of this module are passive.

If inputs or outputs of a HYCOM are not connected they must be terminated with a 50
Ohm load resistor. This has to be done generally for all connectors of a frequency
dependent module which are not connected.

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HYCOM 1:1

TX 0
ANT
VSWR Isolator

TESTLOOP

HYCOM 2:1
TX 0
Isolator

ANT 3 dB
TX 1
VSWR Hybrid
Isolator

TESTLOOP

HYCOM 4:1
TX 0
Isolator
3 dB TX 1
ANT Hybrid
Isolator
VSWR
3 dB
TX 2
Hybrid
Isolator
3 dB TX 3
Hybrid
Isolator
TESTLOOP

Fig. 6 HYCOM principle internal architecture

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2.3.1.2 Filter Combiner (FICOM)

The Filter Combiner (FICOM) module is available in three types: FICOM Base 2:1,
FICOM Expansion 2:1 and FICOM Expansion 1:1. By suitable interconnecting
FICOM Base and Expansion modules, up to six carriers can be combined.
The FICOM consists of the following two major components:
l Filter Combiner network:
It uses the filter combining technique that allows less RF output loss. The cavity
filter is locally tunable via LMT command.
Only baseband frequency hopping is possible, as returning of the combiner
frequency requires between 10 and 15 seconds.
The required carrier separation for transmitters in the same cell or in neighboring
cells of the same BTSE site is 600 kHz.
l Transmit Antenna Module (TXAMOD):
Is equivalent to the one described for HYCOM.

ANT OUT
VSWR

) )

TX 0 TX 1 TX 2 TX 3 TX 4

FICOM Base 2:1 FICOM Expansion 2:1 FICOM Expansion 1:1

Fig. 7 FICOM principle internal architecture

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2.3.1.3 Duplex Combiner (DUCOM)

The Duplex Combiner (DUCOM) has the following advantages:
l Reducing the number of required antennas per sector by one (e.g., two instead of
three antennas with diversity) by using combined Tx and Rx antennas (duplex
antennas).
l Less RF attenuation with respect to HYCOM.
l Baseband and synthesizer hopping possible.

Siemens offers 3 DUCOM types to serve different cell sizes: DUCOM 4:1, DUCOM
(DUKIT) 2:1, and DUKIT 2*1:1 for 4, 2, or 1 TRX per cell. All of these variants allow
the usage of diversity. DUCOM (DUKIT) 2:1 and DUCOM 4:1 serve two to four
carriers respectively per cell by feeding them to two separate antennas. Thus these
carriers are combined on air.

TESTOUT 0 TESTOUT 0

RX 0 RX 0
RX-FIL RX-FIL
ANT 0 ANT 0 TX 0
VSWR VSWR Isolator
TX 0 3 dB
TX-FIL TX-FIL TX 1
Isolator Hybrid
Isolator

RX1 RX1
ANT 1
RX-FIL ANT 1
RX-FIL
TX 2
VSWR VSWR Isolator
TX 1 3 dB
TX-FIL TX-FIL TX 3
Isolator Hybrid
Isolator
TESTOUT 1 TESTOUT 1

DUCOM (DUKIT) 2:1 DUCOM 4:1

ANTdiv 0 RXdiv 0
RX-FIL
TESTOUT 0

RX 0
RX-FIL
ANT 0
VSWR
TX-FIL TX 0
Isolator

RX1
ANT 1
RX-FIL
VSWR
TX 1
TX-FIL Isolator
TESTOUT 1

ANTdiv 1
RX-FIL

DUKIT 2*1:1

Fig. 8 DUCOM principle internal architecture

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For BS-21 and BS-22, the DUCOM is called DUKIT. The DUKIT contains all of the
internal hardware, cables and components such as the DUCOM. Because of limited
space in the BS-21, several components are mounted directly into the subrack. The
interfaces are on the front, except the signaling interfaces which are directly
connected to the back plane.

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2.3.2 Receiver Antenna Module (RXAMOD)

The Receiver Antenna Module (RXAMOD) is installed close to the receive antenna
and is, therefore, of utmost importance for the receiver performance.
The content is a bandpass filter for the whole receive band (RXFIL) and a 2 branch
low noise amplifier (LNA).
The receiver sensitivity at the Rx antenna connector is better than -107 dBm when
using the RXAMOD.

Rx Antenna

RXAMOD at Rx Antenna
RXMUCO within BTSE rack
LNA LNA
R
x

C TPU
A
B
L
E

Cascading Output

Fig. 9 RF-part of the receive path with RXAMOD and RXMUCO, RXAMOD shaded gray

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Three options are implemented to ensure fault tolerance on the receive path:
1. Parallel architecture within the low noise amplifiers (LNA).
2. High Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) figures for the RXAMOD ensure a
very high availability.
A DC loop supervises the operation of the LNA. It recognizes if the LNA has an
urgent alarm (both amplifier branches failed) or if it has a warning alarm (only
one amplifier branch failed).
If a fault is detected, an alarm message is transferred via the inner connector of
the coax cable to the RXMUCO for further transmission to the OMC.
3. The diversity option not only increases speech quality during normal operation,
but also ensures an operation in case that one receive path totally fails.

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2.3.3 Receiver Multi Coupler (RXMUCO)

The Receiver Multi Coupler (RXMUCO):
l Provides a multi coupler for the rack internal distribution of the received signals.
The multi coupler consists of an amplifier, a bandpass filter and a splitter.
l Provides a separate high level output (cascading output) for the signal distribution
to more than one RXMUCO. The cascading output is needed, if, in the Tx path,
more than 4 carriers are combined to one antenna.
l The RXMUCO module is only used with the HYCOM or FICOM module.

Rx Antenna

RXAMOD at Rx Antenna
RXMUCO within BTSE rack
LNA LNA
R
x

C TPU
A
B
L
E

Cascading Output

Fig. 10 RF-part of the receive path with RXAMOD and RXMUCO, RXMUCO shaded gray

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2.3.4 Receiver Antenna Module and Multi Coupler (RXAMCO)

The Receiver Antenna Module and Multi Coupler (RXAMCO):
l Amplifies the Rx signal with a low noise figure and splits the Rx signal into four
receive signals, plus a separate high level output (cascading output). It provides a
BTSE system reference sensitivity better than GSM Req. at the rack entry.
l The filter function of the complete receive frequency band is performed by a
bandpass filter (RXFIL) integrated into the DUCOM.

DUCOM

TXFIL

RXAMCO

RXFIL

TPU

LNA

Cascading Output

Fig. 11 RF-part of the receive path with DUCOM and RXAMCO, RXAMCO shaded gray

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2.4 Power Supply Modules

The BTSE must be powered by an external power supply providing a voltage in the
range of -38,4 V DC up to -57,6 V DC where -48 V DC is the standard. If the DC
supply is different or an AC resource is present, an appropriate converter must be
installed as an extra equipment; this is not a part of the BTSE rack.
The -48 V primary voltage has to be converted by BTSE internal power supply
modules (GPSU, DCPA, DCTPU) to the values needed by the connected BTSE
modules. Only the modules RXMUCO, RXAMCO and BBSIG have their own power
supplies (on the specific boards) which converts the -48 V to the voltages needed by
these boards.

2.4.1 Generic Power Supply Unit (GPSU)

Generic Power Supply Unit (GPSU):
l For BS-20, BS-21, BS-60 and BS-61 the GPSU powers all the central modules
with +5 V and the combiners with +12 V.
l The nominal input voltage for the GPSU is -48 V DC.
l For BS-22 instead of the GPSU the AC Multiple DC Power Supply Unit (ACMDC)
is used. It directly converts the AC power to the multiple internally needed DC
voltages by the various boards (e.g., +5 V, -24 V. etc.).

2.4.2 Direct Current Supply for Power Amplifier (DCPA)

l The DC supply for PA (DCPA) supplies the Power Amplifier with +5 V.
l Each PA has its own DCPA.

2.4.3 Direct Current Supply for Transceiver Processor Unit

(DCTPU)
l The DC supply for TPU (DCTPU) supplies the Transceiver Processor Unit with
+5 V.
l Each TPU has its own DCTPU.

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DUCOM
PA
Abis
Interface
TXFIL
LI
PA
RXFIL

MCLK

TXFIL RXAMCO TRXA B

U
S B
U
RXFIL RXAMCO TRXD
1 S
TPU BBSIG
DIVERSITY 2
Ext.Alarm
Controls ALCO

CCTRL
DCPA DCTPU GPSU

to LMT

1+1 redundancy: only for BUS 1 and BUS 2

multiple units

Fig. 12 Modules of the BTSE, power supply modules shaded gray

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2.5 Bus Systems

2.5.1 Bus 1
l Transfer of TCH between BBSIG and TPU.
l Transfer of common bursts to and from CCTRL to all other blocks.
l Distribution of the timing information.
l Duplicated for reliability purposes.

2.5.2 Bus 2
l PCM30 oriented highway.
l Transfer of TRAU frames between LI and BBSIG.
l Transfer of signaling channels between LI and CCTRL.

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DUCOM
PA
Abis
Interface
TXFIL
LI
PA
RXFIL

MCLK

TXFIL RXAMCO TRXA B

U
S B
U
RXFIL RXAMCO TRXD
1 S
TPU BBSIG
DIVERSITY 2
Ext.Alarm
Controls ALCO

CCTRL
DCPA DCTPU GPSU

to LMT

1+1 redundancy: only for BUS 1 and BUS 2

multiple units

Fig. 13 Modules of the BTSE, Bus 1 and BUS 2 shaded gray

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3 Transmit and Receive Path

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The following figure illustrates one BTSE serving three cells, each with two carriers:

Cell 1

TRX-1-0

TRX-1-1

Cell 0

TRX-0-0
BTSE
TRX-0-1

Cell 2

TRX-2-0

TRX-2-1

Fig. 14 One BTSE serving three cells

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The following figure illustrates the modules used in the transmit path (in case of
ACOM = HYCOM) for the above example:

Cell 0
BBSIG-0 TPU-0 PA-0
HYCOM-0
BBSIG-1 TPU -1 PA -1
Cell 1

PCMB BBSIG-2 TPU -2 PA -2

LI HYCOM -1
BBSIG-3 TPU -3 PA -3

Cell 2
BBSIG-4 TPU -4 PA -4
HYCOM -2
BBSIG-5 TPU -5 PA -5

Bus 2 Bus 1 CC CC CC

CC= Coaxial Cable

Fig. 15 Modules in the transmit path

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The following figure illustrates the modules used in the receive path (in case of
ACOM = HYCOM) for the above example:

Cell 0
BBSIG-0 TPU-0
RXMUCO-0 RXAMOD-0
BBSIG-1 TPU -1

Cell 1

PCMB BBSIG-2 TPU -2

LI RXMUCO -2 RXAMOD -2
BBSIG-3 TPU -3

Cell 2
BBSIG-4 TPU -4
RXMUCO -4 RXAMOD -4
BBSIG-5 TPU -5

Bus 2 Bus 1 CC CC CC

CC= Coaxial Cable

Fig. 16 Modules in the receive path, without diversity

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4 Examples of BTSE Configurations

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The following examples are relevant to BS-60 and BS-61 configurations and show in
principle how the RF cabling has to be done.

4.1 Example 1: Single Cell (3)

Example 1 is related to a one sector single cell served by one BTSE at the site. The
BTSE is equipped with three TRX.

RXAMOD RXAMOD

HYCOM
4:1

RX RX
MUCO MUCO
0 1

PA PA PA
0 1 2

DIV DIV DIV

FROM FROM FROM TPU TPU TPU

TPU TPU TPU 0 1 2

BTS 0 BTS 0

Fig. 17 Single cell (3): Tx path (left side), Rx path with diversity (right side)

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4.2 Example 2: Single Cell (3)

Example 2 is related to a one sector single cell served by one BTSE at the site. The
BTSE is equipped with three TRX.

DUCOM 4:1

TX RX

DIV

PA PA PA RXAMCO RXAMCO
0 1 2 0 1

FROM FROM FROM

TPU TPU TPU DIV DIV DIV

TPU TPU TPU

0 1 2

BTS 0

Fig. 18 Single cell (3): Tx/Rx paths (with diversity)

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4.3 Example 3: Single Cell (5)

Example 3 is related to a one sector single cell served by one BTSE at the site. The
BTSE is equipped with five TRX.

RXAMOD RXAMOD
DIV

FICOM FICOM FICOM

2:1 2:1 1:1

RX RX RX RX
MUCO MUCO MUCO MUCO
0 1 6 7

DIV DIV DIV DIV DIV

PA PA PA PA PA DIV DIV DIV

0 1 2 3 4
TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU
0 1 2 3 4

FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM

TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU

BTS 0 BTS 0

Fig. 19 Single cell (5): Tx path (left side), Rx path with diversity (right side)

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4.4 Example 4: Multi Cell (2,2,2)

Example 4 is related to a three sector multi cell served by one BTSE at the site. The
BTSE is equipped with six TRX to be used in the configuration of two TRX per sector
of the multi cell (2,2,2).

RXAMOD RXAMOD RXAMOD RXAMOD RXAMOD RXAMOD

DIV DIV DIV

HYCOM HYCOM HYCOM

RX RX RX RX RX RX
2:1 2:1 2:1
MUCO MUCO MUCO MUCO MUCO MUCO

0 1 2 3 4 5

DIV DIV DIV DIV

PA PA PA PA PA PA DIV DIV DIV DIV DIV DIV
DIV DIV DIV
0 1 2 3 4 5
TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU

0 1 2 3 4 5
FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM
TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU

BTS 0 BTS 1 BTS 2

BTS 0 BTS 1 BTS 2

Fig. 20 Multi cell (2,2,2): Tx path (left side), Rx path with diversity (right side)

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4.5 Example 5: Multi Cell (1,3,2)

Example 5 is related to a multi cell served by one BTSE at the site. The BTSE is
equipped with six TRX to be used in the configuration of 1, 3, 2 TRX per sector of the
multi cell (1,3,2).

RXAMOD RXAMOD RXAMOD

HYCOM HYCOM HYCOM

RX RX RX
2:1 4:1 2:1
MUCO MUCO MUCO

0 2 4

DIV DIV DIV

PA PA PA PA PA PA
DIV DIV
0 1 2 3 4 5
TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU

0 1 2 3 4 5
FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM
TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU

BTS 0 BTS 1 BTS 2

BTS 0 BTS 1 BTS 2

Fig. 21 Multi cell (1,3,2): Tx path (left side), Rx path without diversity (right side)

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5 Rack Configurations

Left Side View Front Side View Right Side View

FAN BLOCK FAN BLOCK FAN BLOCK

O W
u i
RF Boards: t t
PA + TPU d h B B
External Frame

Digital Boards:
T T o C B B
P P MP A
P P o H C S S
A A + CCTRL CA L L
U U r e T I I
+ MCLK L I C
a R G G
1 0 + LI K1 O
1 0 C t L
+ ALCO
o 1 0
v E
e x
r c
h
R R R R
X X X X a
A A A A RXAMCO n
Cable Fuse Panel Fuse
M M M M + Cable duct g ACMDC
Cut C C C C + ACMDC Panel
e
O O O O
r
3 2 1 0
Cable Cable
DUCOMT DUCOMT Access Access

Fig. 22 BS-22 rack layout

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P CB FP
A A
C S Power Distribution Box R
X
R
X
R
X
R
X
C S M
U
M
U
M
U
M
U
O I (AC Fusepenal C
O
C
O
C
O
C
O
U V Alarm Terminal Board) ACOM ACOM ACOM 0 1 2 3
P
S E 0 1 2 R
X
R
X
R
X
R
X A A
T M M M M

I C
U
C
U
C
U
C
U
C
S C
C O
O
4
O
5
O
6
O
7 S C
O FAN 0 I O
A L T T T T T T V U
P P P P P P
T I Alarm Control AC/DC P P P P P P E S
T N A A A A A A
E G LVD Relay
U U U U U U T
N AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC C I
0 1 2 3 4 5
U S 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 O C
A Y
O
T S FAN 2
O T L A
R E D D D D D D I T
M D D D D D D
C C C C C C N T
C C C C C C
T T T T T T G E
P P P P P P
P P P P P P N
A A A A A A
U U U U U U S U
Y A
CABLE ACCESS

mWave/NTPM FAN 1 S T
BBB BBB T O
BBB BBB C E R
M A M
SSS SSS C
C L L
I I I I I I T
L I C
GGG GGG R
K O
BACKUP BATTERIES L GPSU
0 1 2 3 4 5

ACOM can be RXMUCO

RXMUCO
HYCOM or can be
used for
FICOM or replaced by RXAMCO
cascaded option
DUCOM if DUCOm is used

Fig. 23 BS-61 rack layout

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CB FP
R R R R
X X X X
M M M M
U U U U
C C C C
O O O O
ACOM ACOM ACOM 0 1 2 3

0 1 2 R R R R
ACOM can be:
X X X X
M M M M
U U U U
C C C C
O
4
O
5
O
6
O
7
HYCOM or
FICOM or
T T T T T T DUCOM
P P P P P P
P P P P P P
A A A A A A
U U U U U U
0 1 2 3 4 5 RXMUCO
0 1 2 3 4 5

FAN 2 can be replaced

by RXAMCO
D D D D D D
D D D D D D if DUCOM is used
C C C C C C
C C C C C C
T T T T T T
P P P P P P
P P P P P P
A A A A A A
U U U U U U RXMUCO
FAN 1
used for
B B B B B B cascaded option
B B B B B B C
M A
S S S S S S C
C L L
I I I I I I T
L I C
G G G G G G R
K O
L GPSU
0 1 2 3 4 5

FAN 0

AIR FILTER

Fig. 24 BS-60 rack layout

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14

6 Appendix: BS11

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Introduction to BS 11:
Network radio coverage must also be extended to areas that did not originally come
into consideration. These areas include enclosed areas such as large office
buildings, pedestrian underpasses, subway tunnels, hotel lobbies, shopping halls and
sites used on a temporary basis (e.g. exhibition halls).
These location-related requirements are met by the new micro-BTS BS 11. It
enables the installation of a microcellular mobile radio network and a hierarchical cell
structure at very low cost.
The BS 11 has a capacity of 1 TRX in the present release. In the near future a
version with up to 2 TRX will be available. The BS 11 can be used for both indoor
and outdoor applications. Its internal architecture is very different from the
architecture of the standard BTSE. But the general features are similar, except for the
output power which is much lower.

Interesting features of the BS 11 are:

l the natural cooling (no heat exchanger is required),
l the operation temperature, which ranges from -33C up to +45C,
l the low volume (28 liters),
l the low weight (22 kg for the 1TRX version, 28 kg for the 2 TRX version),
l the output power in the high power version of 2 W (GSM 900) or of 3 W (GSM
1800/ 1900),
l the capability to be used both in indoor and outdoor environment,
l the possibility to use an internal or an external antenna system,
l the integrated internal antenna with polarization diversity.

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The development of the micro-BTS in splitted in several phases: S1, S1+, S2, S3.
The following table gives an overview about the features introduced during the
several phases:
Phase Features
S1 GSM 900
1 TRX
A5/1 ciphering
full rate
star configuration
multidrop (BS11 only)
LMT on commercial PC
software downloadable
88 - 265 V AC, 45 - 65 Hz
S1+ GSM 1800
2 TRX
A5/2 ciphering
half rate
enhanced full rate
loop (BS11 only)
38 - 72 V DC
external battery backup
S2 GSM 1900
LI combo card (2 versions)
synthesizer frequency hopping
GSM/ DCS handover
performance measurement counter
(completition)
multirop, loop in mixed configuration
S3 sectorization
cabinet cascadability
14,4 kbit/s data service
Abis optical interface
cost reduction

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All the possible versions are similar to each other and use interchangeable boards
and modules. However, the variations having an HW impact are not engineerable on
the field and must be provided in the factory.

The software of the BS 11 is fully compatible with the SBS SW since BR3.0 onwards.

At the HW level the BS11 architecture is obviously deviating from the concept used in
the SBS mainline (BS 2x and BS 6x), due to technological constraints imposed by the
required high degree of integration.

BS-11 Module Description:

A general block diagram for the BS 11 is shown in the following figure:

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TRX 1
TX
PA RFTX
Filter

MBBCU

RFRX

RX Abis
LNA&BP
Filter
RX SMU
LNA&BP Abis
Filter

RFRX

MBBCU
VSWR
TX Detector
PA RFTX
Filter
TRX 2

Fig. 25 General block diagram of BS 11

The BS 11 is composed of the following elements:

l Transceiver:
Multichannel Base Band Unit (MBBCU)
Radio Frequency Transmitter (RFTX)
Radio Frequency Receiver (RFRX)
Power Amplifier (PA)
Transmission Filter (TX Filter)
Receive Filter (RX Filter)
Low Noise Amplifier and Band Pass Filter (LNA & BP)
l Site Manager Unit (SMU)
l Power Supply Unit (PSU)
l Antenna System

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Multichannel Base Band Unit (MBBCU):

The MBBCU is the unit dedicated to the management of the 8 (full-rate) or 16 (half-
rate) channels carried by the GSM TDMA frame. The unit is composed of the
following main blocks:
LAPD-O&M processor:
A national HPC46400 processor at 20 MHz clock equipped with 512 kbytes RAM and
128 kbytes Flash EPROM. Its functions are:
l to collect and process a signaling connection to/ from BSC (LAPD protocol) both
for radio and O&M signaling,
l to manage and distribute to peripheral units configuration messages.

Level 3 processor
A national HPC46100 processor at 40 MHz clock equipped with 512 kbytes RAM and
128 kbytes Flash EPROM. Its function is: to process level 3 radio signaling.

LAPDm-Level 1 processor
A national HPC46100 processor at 40 MHz clock equipped with 512 kbytes RAM and
128 kbytes Flash EPROM Its functions are:
l to manage level 2 radio signaling (LAPD protocol),
l to manage low level configuration and signaling for 8 radio time slots.

Channel coder
Four DSP are dedicated to:
l calculate block and convolutional code to signaling and traffic frames,
l interleave/ deinterleave bits,
l form bursts to send to modulator via 270 kbit/s interface,
l receive demodulated bursts from "Viterbi demodulator".

TRAU controller
It is dedicated to the transfer of TRAU frames to and from the remote
Transcoder/Rate Adapter Unit. The TRAU controller establishes, maintains and
controls the synchronization with the remote TRAU.

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Viterbi demodulator
Four DSP are dedicated to demodulation. The downconverted and digitalized radio
signal received via the 13 Mbit/s interface from RFRX is demodulated by means of a
Viterbi algorithm.

Encryptor
Two DSP are dedicated to computation of different encryption algorithms on a per
call basis, the proper algorithm can be selected and used.

Radio Frequency Transmitter (RFTX):

This unit is available in three versions: GSM/E-GSM, DCS and PCS.
The main RFTX functions are as follows:
l reception, from MBBCU Unit, of the 270 kbit/s modulating signal
l direct GSMK modulation in the defined frequency band
l RF frequency hopping
l static power control (downlink direction)
l dynamic power control (downlink, for 2 W and 3 W classes only)
l system timing generation
l RF carriers reference clock generation
Control unit function are performed by one DSP. Static power control allows the RF
output power to be reduced from its maximum level in 6 steps of nominally 2 dB. The
different Power Classes are set via SW from the LMT or OMC.

Radio Frequency Receiver (RFRX):

This unit is available in three versions: GSM/ E-GSM, DCS and PCS.
The main RFRX functions are as follows:
l reception of radio signal from LNA & BP
l conversion of radio signal to a first intermediate frequency
l conversion of second intermediate frequency signal for Viterbi equalization and
demodulation (MBBCU functions)
l frequency hopping receive mode
The control of the units is performed by one DSP.

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Power Amplifier (PA):

This unit will be available in three versions: GSM/ E-GSM, DCS and PCS.
The main PA functions are as follows:
l output band-pass filtering in the defined band,
l max output power control (according to configuration parameter),
l RF power amplifier mixer gain,
l antenna VSWR measurement,
l overheating sensor.

Low Noise Amplifier and Band Pass Filter (LNA & BP):

This unit is available in three versions: GSM/ E-GSM, DCS and PCS.
The main functions are as follows:
l selection of the proper RX Band,
l amplification of the input signal by means of low noise amplifier.
For diversity receive, two LNA & BP are connected to the same RX unit, in which two
RX chain are embedded

Site Manager Unit (SMU):

The Site Manager Unit (SMU) is the interconnection element between the
transceivers and the Abis interface. Two versions of SMU do exist, depending on the
type of line interface required.
In the following the main SMU functional blocks are described:

Site manager processor:

Its functions are:
l to process a signaling connection to/ from BSC (LAPD protocol) both for radio
signaling and O&M signaling,
l to collect BTS alarms and to notify them to BSC/ OMC,
l to manage a 4 Mbytes Flash Memory,
l to handle a connection to the LMT.

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Line Interface:
For the BS 11 a variety of different Line Interfaces can be installed in order to allow
connection with BSC whichever the interconnection network can be. This is the
reason why two versions of SMU have been developed for the benefit of operators to
choose from:
l 2048 kbit/s ITU-T G.703 (E1 level)
l N x 64 kbit/s / 2048 kbit/s ITU-T G.703. A combined LI card (combo card) that
offers the possibility of either 2 Mbit/s or N x 64 kbit/s interface selection by means
of flexible switching to either interface required by the operator.
l 1544 kbit/s ITU-T G.703 (T1 level)
l 144 kbit/s ITU-T I.430/2048 kbit/s ITU-T G.703. A combined LI card (combo card)
that offers the possibility of either 2 Mbit/s or 144 kbit/s interface (2B + D) selection
by means of flexible switching to either interface required by the operator. In this
case only the 2B channels are used for traffic and O&M transport whereas the D
channel is terminated in the ISDN exchange.
The selection between the two SMU interface versions is made by software through
the local terminal. Every SMU additionally has the drop insert capability and manages
two links, allowing switch between the two links in case of fault.

Flash EPROM Memory:

There are two Flash EPROM in this block, which are used to store software for all
BTS processors (4 Mbytes in total).

Power Supply Unit (PSU):

The Power Supply Unit (PSU) of the BS 11 is provided in two different versions
(DC/DC or AC/DC Unit), depending on the nature of the primary energy source:
a) DC/DC Unit
l Input voltage for the DC/DC Unit can be in the range of 38 - 72 V(DC).
l DC/DC conversion and output stabilization by means of "variable duty cycle"
inverters for generation of +13V, +8V, +5V, +26V, and -5V.
l Self test and alarms to verify tolerances, overloads and possible failures
(automatic switch off in case of major alarms).
l Activation of the heater in case of low temperature and deactivation when
conditions for normal operation are achieved.
b) AC/DC Unit
The BS 11 can also be equipped with an AC/DC power supply instead of the
DC/DC Unit. The input voltage in this case can be in the range of 88 - 265 V (AC,
50 - 60 Hz).The output voltages as well as the other functions are obviously the
same as in the case of DC/DC.

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Mechanical Configuration of BS-11:

The philosophy in the BS 11 product implementation is mainly based on the reduction
of the mechanical volume to an absolute minimum to meet special applications
prerequisites. These prerequisites are given by the market due to the lack of
appropriate sites and for the increased awareness of environmental as public
acceptance considerations. Therefore the primary goal of the prerequisites has to
entail enormous site acquisition advantages.
This led to the use of a new cabinet that must universally cope with practically all
application environments and simultaneously does not require any climate specific
parts as heat exchanger, air exchangers, air conditioners and/ or moving parts as
fans. In other words, the heat dissipation of this product is solely foreseen by natural
convection.
The BS11 cabinet is therefore hermetically sealed in factory to avoid the penetration
of moisture to the inside of the unit and the serviceability of the product is therefore
only foreseen in the factory, even if a limited configurability can be performed on site.
The cabinet dimensions of the BS11 are:
l 466 mm width,
l 415 mm height,
l 145 mm depth.
This results in the extreme attractive overall volume of only 28 liters.

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415

415

466

Fig. 26 Dimensions of the BS 11

A A
MBCCU

RFRX

B PA LNA B

Fig. 27 Mechanical arrangement (cross section C - C)

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C RFRX MBCCU C
RFTX SMU
RFTX MBCCU
RFRX PSU

Antenna

Fig. 28 Mechanical arrangement (cross section A - A)

PA
LNA
PA

Antenna

Fig. 29 Mechanical arrangement (cross section B-B)

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7 Exercises

n List the major functions of the BTSE.

n List the different types of BTSE.
n What means omni-directional configuration, and what means sectored
configuration?
n What means outdoor BTSE and which BTSE types are outdoor versions?
n List the modules of the BTSE.
n Which modules belong to the central modules, which modules belong to the
modules per carrier, and which modules belong to the modules per cell?
n List the major functions of the different BTSE modules.
n Describe the inside of the different types of antenna combiners.
n Describe the inside of the RXAMOD and RXMUCO.
n Which modules of the BTSE belong to the high frequent part of the BTSE?
n Describe the transmit and receive path of a traffic channel inside the BTSE.
n Which module in the BTSE performs the processing of the LAPD signaling
information?

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