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Some Important Points About VMWare
1. VMWare Kernel is a Propriotory Kenral and is not based on any of the UNIX ope
rating systems, it's a kernel developed by VMWare Company
2. The VMKernel can't boot it by itself, so that it takes the help of the 3rd pa
rty operating system. In VMWare case the kernel is booted by RedHat Linux operat
ing system which is known as service console.
3. The service console is developed based up on Redhat Linux Operating system, i
t is used to manage the VMKernel
4. To restart webaccess service on vmware
service vmware-webaccess restart
5. To restart ssh service on vmware
service sshd restart
6. To restart host agent on vmware esx server
service vmware-hostd restart
7. Path for the struts-config.xml
/usr/lib/vmware/webAccess/tomcat/apache-tomcat-5.5.17/webapps/ui/WEB-INF
8. To start the scripted install the command is
esx ks=nfs:111.222.333.444:/data/KS.config ksdevice=eth0
location device name
9. Virtual Network in Simple
Virtual Nic(s) on Virtual Machine(s) -----> Physical Nic on the ESX Server (V
irtual Switch - 56 Ports) ------> Physical Switch Port
with Different VLANS
should be tr
unked with all the VLANS to which the VM's need access
All the ESX servers should be configured with Same number of Physical Nics (v
Switches) and Connectivity also should be same, So that vMotion succeeds
All the Virtual Machines are connected to one vSwitch with Different VLANS, t
his means the Physical Nic(vSwitch) needs to be trunked with the same VLANS on t
he Physical Switch Port
10 What are the three port groups present in ESX server networking
1. Virtual Machine Port Group - Used for Virtual Machine NEtwork
2. Service Console Port Group - Used for Service Console Communications
3. VMKernel Port Group - Used for VMotion, iSCSI, NFS Communications
11. What is the use of a Port Group
The port group segregates the type of communication.
12. What are the type of communications which requires an IP address for sure ?
Service Console and VMKernel (VMotion and iSCSI), these communications does n
ot happen without an ip address (Whether it is a single or dedicated)
13. In the ESX Server licensing features VMotion License is showing as Not used,
why?
Even though the license box is selected, it shows as "License Not Used" unti
l, you enable the VMotion option for specific vSwitch
14. How the Virtual Machine Port group communication works ?
All the vm's which are configured in VM Port Group are able to connect to t
he physical machines on the network. So this port group enables communication be
tween vSwitch and pSwitch to connect vm's to pm's
15. What is a VLAN ?
A VLAN is a logical configuration on the switch port to segment the IP Traf
fic. For this to happen, the port must be trunked with the correct VLAN ID.
16. Does the vSwitches support VLAN Tagging? Why?
Yes, The vSwitches support VLAN Tagging, otherwise if the virtual machines
in an esx host are connected to different VLANS, we need to install a separate p
hysical nic (vSwitch) for every VLAN. That is the reason vmware included the VLA
N tagging for vSwitches. So every vSwitch supports upto 1016 ports, and B
TW they can support 1016 VLANS if needed.
17. What is Promiscuous Mode on vSwitch ? What happens if it sets to Accept?
If the promiscuous mode set to Accept, all the communication is visible to
all the virtual machines, in other words all the packets are sent to all the por
ts on vSwitch
If the promiscuous mode set to Reject, the packets are sent to inteded port
, so that the intended virtual machine was able to see the communication.
18. What is MAC address Changes ? What happens if it is set to Accept ?
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizrd generates a MAC ad
dress for that machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn
't matches with the MAC address in the OS this setting does not allow incoming
traffic to the VM. So by setting Reject Option both MAC addresses will be re
mains same, and the incoming traffic will be allowed to the VM.
19. What is Forged Tranmits ? What happens if it is set to Accept ?
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizrd generates a MAC ad
dress for that machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn
't matches with the MAC address in the OS this setting does not allow outgoing
traffic from the VM. So by setting Reject Option both MAC addresses w
ill be remains same, and the outgoing traffic will be allowed from the VM.
20. What are the core services of VC ?
VM provisioing , Task Scheduling and Event Logging
21. Can we do vMotion between two datacenters ? If possible how it will be?
Yes we can do vMotion between two datacenters, but the mandatory requiremen
t is the VM should be powerd off.
22. What is VC agent? and what service it is corresponded to? What are the minim
um req's for VC agent installation ?
VC agent is an agent installed on ESX server which enables communication be
tween VC and ESX server.
The daemon associated with it is called vmware-hostd , and the service whi
ch corresponds to it is called as mgmt-vmware, in the event of VC agent failure
just restart the service by typing the following command at the service console
" service mgmt-vmware restart "
VC agent installed on the ESX server when we add it to the VC, so at the ti
me of installtion if you are getting an error like " VC Agent service failed to
install ", check the /Opt size whether it is sufficient or not.
23. How can you edit VI Client Settings and VC Server Settings ?
Click Edit Menu on VC and Select Client Settings to change VI settings
Click Administration Menu on VC and Select VC Management Server Configurati
on to Change VC Settings
24. What are the files that make a Virtual Machine ?
.vmx - Virtual Machine Configuration File
.nvram - Virtual Machine BIOS
.vmdk - Virtual Machine Disk file
.vswp - Virtual Machine Swap File
.vmsd - Virtual MAchine Snapshot Database
 .vmsn - Virtual Machine Snapshot file
.vmss - Virtual Machine Suspended State file
.vmware.log - Current Log File
.vmware-#.log - Old Log file
25. What are the devices that can be added while the virtual Machine running
Only HardDisk
26. How to set the time delay for BIOS screen for a Virtual Machine?
R/C on VM, select edit settings, choose options tab and select boot option,
set the delay how much you want.
27. What is a template ?
We can convert a Vm into Template, and it cannot be powered on once its cha
nged to template. This is used to quick provisioning of VM's.
23. What to do to customize the windows virtual machine clone,?
copy the sysprep files to Virtual center directory on the server, so that t
he wizrd will take the advantage of it.
24. What to do to customize the linux/unix virtual machine clone,?
VC itself includes the customization tools, as these operating systems are
avaialble as opensource.
25. Does cloning from template happens between two datacenters ?
Yes.. it can, if the template in one datacenter, we can deploy the vm from
that template in another datacenter without any problem.
26. What are the common issues with snapshots? What stops from taking a snapshot
and how to fix it ?
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's, then the snapshot failed. If it
is mapped as virtual then we can take a snapshot of it.
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's as physical, you need to remove i
t to take a snapshot.
27. What are the settings that are taken into to consideration when we initiate
a snapshot ?
Virtual Machine Configuration (What hardware is attached to it)
State of the Virtual Machine Hard Disk file ( To revert back if needed)
State of the Virtual Machine Memory (if it is powered on)
28. What are the requirements for Converting a Physical machine to VM ?
An agent needs to be installed on the Physical machine
VI client needs to be installed with Converter Plugin
A server to import/export virtual machines
29. What is VMWare consolidated backup ?
It is a backup framework, that supports 3rd party utilities to take backups
of ESX servers and Virtual Machines. Its not a backup service.
30. To open the guided consolidation tool, what are the user requirements ?
The user must be member of administator
The user should have "Logon as service" previlages - To give a user these p
revilages, open local sec policy, select Logon as service policy and add the use
r
The user should have read access to AD to send queries
31. How to restart firewall on ESX server ?
service firewall restart
32. What are the pre-requisites for VMWare Update Manager ?
Allow the Update Manager Clent in the Firewall
If you get metadata patch is missing error, go to UpdateManager directory o
n C drive find the sub-directories for the updates are created or not. To fix th
is Click on plugins menu, Select Update manager and then Schedule Update Downloa
d. this will download the updates to the directories.
Add a Baseline to ESX server or Virtual Machine detect the updates.
Put the host in maintanance mode to install the updates, it is mandatory fo
r ESX server.
33. What is the mandatory req for HA to work properly?
DNS should be setup properly to enable communication between hosts in a clu
ster.
34. How to set ESX Host into maintenance mode from Service console
Posted by Preetam Zare on August 24, 2007
Below is the command which you will have to execute from SVC Console to enter ho
st into maintenance mode
vimsh -n -e /hostsvc/maintenance_mode_enter
To exit maintenance mode
vimsh -n -e /hostsvc/maintenance_mode_exit
Now next question is how I check whether host is in maintenance mode.Here is it
vimsh -n -e /hostsvc/runtimeinfo | grep inMaintenanceMode | awk {print $3}
http://www.vmadmin.co.uk/vmware/35-esxserver/54-virtualswitchescmd