ROBOTIX TEAM

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

BASIC ROBOTICS
WORKSHOP
INTRODUCTION

 HELLO!
INTRODUCTION
 Robotics in day to day life.
 Robotics in India.
 Robotics in IIT KGP.
 Our Introduction.
QUESTIONS / ANSWERS

WHY ARE WE HERE?

WHY ARE YOU HERE?

YOUR EXPECTATIONS
QUESTIONS / ANSWERS

OUR EXPECTATIONS
PLAN

CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
 Ayush Upadhyay
Second Yr. Under-Graduate Student
Sub – Head
Technology Robotix Society
IIT, KHARAGPUR
3 LAWS OF ROBOTICS
 A robot may not injure a human being or, through
inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
 A robot must obey any orders given to it by human
beings, except where such orders would conflict with
the First Law.
 A robot must protect its own existence as long as
such protection does not conflict with the First or
Second Law.
ISAAC ASIMOV
EDSGER W. DIJKSTRA
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED
 Day 1:
INTRODUCTION / BASIC PHYSICS
 Day 2:
BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS / LOCOMOTION
SYSTEMS / GEARS / DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE
 Day 3:
LINE FOLLOWER BASICS / FIELDS OF ROBOTICS
LETS GET STARTED!
What Is ‘ROBOTICS’ ?
 ‘Robotics’ is used to collectively define a hybrid
field in engineering that involves mimicking life form
characteristics
 Sound concepts in various engineering disciplines is
needed for building Robots
 Robots finds its use in all aspects of our life
What is a ROBOT ?
 An automatic industrial machine replacing the
human in hazardous work environment
 An automatic mobile sweeper machine in a modern
home
 An automatic toy car for a child to play with
 A machine removing mines in a war field all by
itself and many more…
What are we aiming at ?
 Here we generally aim at designing and
prototyping mobile/non-mobile robots capable of
controlled locomotion and other tasks.
 It must be able to perform certain tasks we set for it
 The task must be achieved under some given
limitations
TYPES OF ROBOT
 Manual – Controlled by Humans.
 Semi – Autonomous - Partly Controlled by humans,
and partly self-controlled (Through a micro-processor).
 Autonomous – Completely Self Controlled (Through
Micro-processor or on board/off board computer)
 Bump detector
 Distance Tracker
 On – Board Processing
 Differential Drive Mechanism
HEIRARCHY

• CONTROL SYSTEMS
• AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS
CONTROL SYSTEMS
 Any system or setup which makes us capable to
control a machine / robot.
 May be manual or autonomous.
 Building Blocks of any Control System

O/P
Desired Action Controller Actuator

Feedback

Closed Loop System

 Example : An Air conditioner
Room
Cooling Temp
Desired Temp. Controller
Device

Temperature
Sensor
 AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS

Motion
Database Intelligent Physical Motor
Controller Controller

Sensors
ROBOT CONTROL HEIRARCHY

GENERAL TERMS
DATABASE (Information)
 A collection of certain facts/instructions.
 Generally Organized.
 Used for various purposes like payrolls, class data
sheet etc.
 Robots use it to understand the task that is to be
performed and to execute it efficiently.
INTELLIGENT CONTROLLER (Software)
 Brain of the Robot.
 Used in Autonomous Robots.
 Programmed by humans. [(?) Computer Language]

 Controls the robot.

 Often called “Artificial Intelligence” or “AI”.
 Generally Has Decision Making Ability.
 Like human Neural Network.
END ACTUATORS (Converters)
 Causes all the physical/visible work to be done by
the robot.
 Provides mechanical motion to our robot.
 Generally consists of Motors, Electromagnets,
Pneumatic Systems, Hydraulic Systems.
SENSORS (Feedback)
 Informs our robot about the outside world.
 Robots makes decision based on the data received
by the sensors.
 Examples :
 Temperature Sensors – Measures ambient Temperatures.
 Light Sensors – Measures ambient Lights.
 Pressure Sensors – Measures the pressure applied on a given body.
 Camera (Image Processing) – Captures and Analyzes the visual feedback of a
surrounding.
PHYSICAL CONTROLLER(Hardware)
 Does the electrical control of the robot.
(controls the flow of electric current [Amount, power,
direction and duration])
 Can be manual/autonomous.
 Generally consists of Electronic Circuits, Power
Circuits, Power Supply.
ROBOTS IN ACTION.
IED DETONATOR :
A U.S. Marine
Corps explosive
ordnance disposal
technician
prepares to deploy
a device that will
detonate a buried
improvised
explosive device
near Camp
Fallujah, Iraq, Nov.
27, 2005.
ROBOTS IN ACTION.
ROBOTS IN ACTION.
ROBOTS IN ACTION.
ROBOTS IN ACTION.
ROBOTS IN ACTION.
ROBOTS IN ACTION.
ROBOTS IN ACTION.
ROBOTS IN ACTION.
SCOPE OF ROBOTICS
 Manufacturing Industries.
 SAR (Search and Rescue)
 Medical/Surgical Purposes.
 Military Recon.
 Performing tasks that are risky/difficult for the
human beings.
FUN FACTS
 1. Elektro, the world’s first humanoid robot, debuted in 1939. Built by
Westinghouse, the seven-foot-tall walking machine “spoke” more than 700
words.

 2. The first known case of robot homicide occurred in 1981, when a robotic
arm crushed a Japanese Kawasaki factory worker.

 3. Leonardo da Vinci drew up plans for an armored humanoid machine in

1495.
FUN FACTS
 4. Engineer Mark Rosheim has created a functional miniature version of
Vinci's design for NASA to help colonize Mars

 5. Archytas of Tarentum, a pal of Plato’s, built a mechanical bird driven by

a jet of steam or compressed air—arguably history’s first robot—in the
fifth century B.C.

 6. There are currently 4,000 robots serving in the US Military.

FUN FACTS
 7. Reconnaissance Talon bots scout for roadside bombs in Iraq and PackBots
that unsuccessfully poked around for Osama bin Laden’s hideout in
Afghanistan.

 8. Chris Melhuish of the Bristol Robotics Laboratory created robots that use
bacteria-filled fuel cells to produce electricity from rotten apples and dead
flies.
 9. Winebot, built by Japan’s NEC System Technologies and Mie University,
can ID scads of different wines, cheeses, and hors d’oeuvres .
FUN FACTS
 10. Australian researchers are trying to build a micro robot that would
mimic the swim stroke used by E. coli bacteria, to be used in internal biopsy
on patients.

 11. Cybernetics professor Kevin Warwick claims to be the world’s first

cyborg.

 12. With computer chips implanted in his left arm, Kevin Warwick can
remotely operate doors, an artificial hand, and an electronic wheelchair.
FUN FACTS
 13. an·droid (an'droid') - Possessing human features. n. An automaton that is
created from biological materials and resembles a human. Also called
humanoid.

 14. The term Android was coined by the French Villiers in his novel L'Ève
future.[1] The word droid, a robot in the Star Wars universe, is derived from
this meaning.
END OF THE SLIDE
 Questions / Doubts.
 Next Chapter / topic.

 THANK YOU!