mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik

ek;kpilNa cs;s nghJg; gpizg;G

M];jpNuypaf; FbAupik ek;kpilNa cs;s nghJg; gpizg;G

flTs; kPJ cWjpahf> ,f;fzj;jpypUe;J ,dp tUk; fhynky;yhk;

M];jpNuypahtpw;Fk;> mjd; kf;fSf;Fk;

mtHfspd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffisg; gfpHe;J nfhs;tjhfTk;

mtHfspd; cupikfisAk;> Rje;jpuj;ijAk; kjpj;njhOFtjhfTk;

mtHfspd; rl;lq;fis kjpj;Jg; gpd;gw;Wtjhftk; tpRthrg; gpukhzk; mspf;fpd;Nwd;.

www.citizenship.gov.au
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik
ek;kpilNa cs;s nghJg; gpizg;G
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikg; guPl;irf;F ePq;fs; Njuw;wj; Njitg;gLk; midj;Jj; jfty;fisAk;
,e;j E}y; mlf;fpAs;sJ. ,f;Fbaupikg; guPl;irapy; NjHr;rpailtjw;fhf NtW ve;jj; jdp
eguplkpUe;Njh my;yJ mikg;Gf;fsplkpUe;Njh FbAupikg; guPl;irg; nghjpfs; vjidAk; ePq;fs;
thq;fj; Njitapy;iy. FbAupikg; guPl;irapy; NjHr;rp ngw cq;fSf;F cjTtjha;f; NfhUk; ve;jg;
nghjpiaAk; jpizf;fsk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sNth my;yJ gupe;Jiuf;fNth ,y;iy.

Commonwealth of Australia 2009

,t;thf;fk; gpuRupik ngw;wJ. tpahghu Nehf;fw;w ckJ jdpg;gl;l gad;ghl;bw;nfdNth> my;yJ

ckJ mikg;gpw;Fs;shf gad;gLj;jg;gLtjw;nfdNth ,jid (,e;j mwptpg;gpid mfw;whky;)
ePq;fs; ,izaj;jpypUe;J ,jd; tbtpid khw;whky; jwtpwf;fk; nra;ayhk;> kw;wtuJ
ghHitf;F itf;fyhk;> mr;rplyhk; kw;Wk; ,jd; gpujpfis vLf;fyhk;. gpuRupikr; rl;lk; 1968
(Copyright Act 1968) ,d; fPo; mDkjpf;fg;gLk; gad;ghLfisj; jtpu> kw;w cupkq;fs; midj;Jk;
gpuRupik ngw;wtUilajhFk;.

Nkyjpf mDkjpf;fhd Ntz;LNfhs;fs; gpd;tUk; Kftupf;F mDg;gg;gl Ntz;Lk;:

Commonwealth Copyright Administration
Copyright Law Branch
Attorney-Generals Department
Robert Garran Offices
National Circuit
Barton ACT 2600

njhiyefy;: 02 6250 5989

kpd;dQ;ry;: commonwealth.copyright@ag.gov.au

National Communications Branch of the Department of Immigration and Citizenship

6 Chan Street Belconnen ACT 2617 vDk; mikg;gpduhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ

ISBN 978-1-92446-96-2

kWg;Gf;$w;W (Disclaimer):
,we;J NghNdhu; rk;ge;jg;gl;l glq;fs; kw;Wk;/my;yJ tplaq;fs; ,e;j ntspaPl;by; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;sd vd;W mT];jpNuypag; G+HtPff; FbapdH kw;Wk; lhup]; ePHr;re;jpj; jPtfj;jpdH
vr;rupf;fg;gLfpd;wdH.
cs;slf;fk;

cq;fSf;NfhH nra;jp 3

guPl;irf;fhd gFjp
gFjp 1 mT];jpNuypahTk; mjd; kf;fSk; 8

gFjp 2 
mT];jpNuypahtpdJ [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;>

cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs; 16

gFjp 3 mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd; rl;lq;fSk; 22

guPl;irg; gFjpf;fhd nrhw;fsQ;rpak; 30

gapw;rpg; guPl;ir tpdhf;fs; 34

guPl;irf;F mg;ghw;gl;l gFjp

gFjp 4 ,d;iwa mT];jpNuypah 38

gFjp 5 ekJ mT];jpNuypa tuyhW 54

guPl;irf;F mg;ghw;gl;l gFjpf;fhd nrhw;fsQ;rpak; 72

Nkyjpfj; jfty;fSf;F 74

ed;wp etpyy;fs; (Acknowledgments) 76

 ngUk; gyd;fis mspf;fty;y
rpwg;Gupikia mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik mspf;fpwJ.
mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkf;fshf Mtjd; %yk;>
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mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkfdhf Ntz;Lnkd;W
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Fbkfd; vd;w Kiwapy; KOg; gq;Nfw;gjw;Fk;
ijupaKk;> Kaw;rpAk;> gw;WWjpAk; Njit. vq;fsJ
mikjpahd> [dehaf r%fj;jpw;F ePq;fs; Mw;Wk;
gq;fspg;gpid ehq;fs; Nghw;WfpNwhk;.
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik vd;gJ cq;fsJ
Gyk;ngaHTg; ghijapy; xU Kf;fpakhd fl;lkhFk;.
mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkfdhtnjd;gJ mT];jpNuypa
ehl;ilAk; ,e;j ehl;bd; tpOkpaq;fisAk;
njhlHe;J kjpj;Jf; fhg;gjw;fhd gw;WWjpia ePq;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;fpwPHfs; vd;Nw nghUshFk;. mj;NjhL
mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpDy; xU Kiwg;gbahd
mq;fj;Jtk; ngWtjw;fhd Muk;gKkhFk;. ehd;
xU mT];jpNuypad; vd;W ngUkpjkhf ePq;fs;
nrhy;tjw;F top tFf;Fk; gbjhd; ,J.
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik vd;gJ ngUk; gyd;fis
toq;fty;yNjhH rpwg;GupikahFk;. mT];jpNuypaf;
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xU Njrpa r%fj;jpdUld; xd;wpizfpd;wPHfs;.
ekJ G+HtPff; Fbkf;fs; kw;Wk; cynfq;Fk;
,Ue;J gpd;dH te;j kf;fs; MfpNahuJ ,ize;j
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,e;j gue;Jgl;l jd;ikia ehk; nfhz;lhLk; mNj
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jpfoTk; ehk; ghLgLfpNwhk;.
ekJ gpur;rpidfisj; jPHf;f ehk; ,izthf
Kay;fpNwhk; vd;gijAk;> ,g;gbg;gl;l xU khngUk;
ehlhf M];jpNuypah cUthf ehkidtUk;
ciof;fpNwhk; vd;gijANk mT];jpNuypa
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mT];jpNuypaHfs; kjpjn ; jhOFtH. ekJ
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rl;lq;fs; Mfpad ek;Kila tuyhw;wpypUe;J
cUntLj;jitahFk;. mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpdUld;
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ngWfpdw ; HP fs;> mj;Jld; ,t;tuyhw;wpwF; cq;fsJ
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; gAk; ngWfpdw; hP f
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INuhg;gpaf; FbakHT 1788-Mk; Mz;L
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ekJ r%fk; jpfo;fpwJ. gy ,dj;jpdiuAk;> gy
fyhr;rhuj;jpdiuAk; Njrpa xUikg;ghl;Lld;
mT];jpNuypah ntw;wpfukha; ,izthf;FfpwJ.
FbAupik vd;w gpizg;Ng vk;kidtiuAk;
Xd;wpizf;fpwJ.
mT];jpNuypah xU [dehaf ehlhFk;. vkJ
[dehaf ehl;il epHkhdpf;Fk; gzpapy; KOg;
gq;Nfw;Fk; tha;g;gpid FbAupik cq;fSf;F
toq;FfpwJ. mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpdupd;
rk;gpujhag;gbahd xU mq;fj;jpdH vd;w Kiwapy;
cq;fsJ nghWg;Gf;fis epiwNtw;w ePq;fs;
Maj;jkhapUf;fpwPHfs; vd;gijNa ,J Fwpf;fpwJ.
xt;nthU kdpjdpd; nfsutk; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuk;>
MltH kw;Wk; kfspuJ rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpd;
Ml;rp Mfpatw;wpy; mT];jpNuypaHfs; ek;gpf;if
nfhz;Ls;sdH. mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik vd;gJ
cq;fs; ehshe;j tho;tpy; ,g;ngWkhdq;fis
ePq;fs; filg;gpbg;gijNa Fwpf;fpwJ.
mT];jpNuypaf;
FbAupik cWjpnkhop
gpwg;gpd; fhuzkhfNth my;yJ tpUg;gpd;
fhuzkhfNth ehk; mT];jpNuypauhf ,Uf;fyhk;>
Mdhy; midj;J mT];jpNuypaHfSk; jkJ
cupikfisAk; nghWg;Gf;fisAk; Gupe;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;> kw;Wk; xU Fbkfd; vd;why; vd;d
nghUs; vd;gijAk; mwpa Ntz;Lk;. ,J ek;
ehl;il epHkhzpg;gjpy; xU Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk;.
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikr; rlq;fpw;F nry;Yk;
NghJ mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik cWjpg;gpukhzk;
(Australian Citizenship Pledge) xd;iw ePq;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;tPHfs;. mg;gbr; nra;tjd; %yk;>
cq;fsJ gw;WWjpia mT];jpNuypahtpw;F
ePq;fs; gfpuq;fkhf ntspg;gLj;JfpwPHfs;> mj;Jld;
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikAld; ,ize;J
tUk; nghWg;Gf;fisAk;> rpwg;GupikfisAk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwPHfs;. ,e;j cWjpg;gpukhz (the Pledge)
j;jpy; mlq;fpAs;s cz;ikahd mHj;jj;jpid
mwpe;J nfhs;tjd; %yk;> mT];jpNuypaf;
FbkfdhapUj;jy; vd;why; vd;d vd;gijAk;>
cq;fsJ nghWg;Gfs; kw;Wk; rpwg;Gupikfs; ahit
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tUk; fhynky;yhk;
mT];jpNuypahtpw;Fk;> mjd; kf;fSf;Fk;
mtHfspd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffisg; gfpHe;J
nfhs;tjhfTk;
mtHfspd; cupikfisAk;> Rje;jpuj;ijAk;
kjpj;njhOFtjhfTk;
mtHfspd; rl;lq;fis kjpj;Jg; gpd;gw;Wtjhftk;
tpRthrg; gpukhzk; mspf;fpd;Nwd;.
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my;yJ Ntz;lhkh vd;gJ xUtuJ nrhe;j tpUg;gkhFk;.
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 mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkfdhjy;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; Gyg;ngaHT tuyhW 200 Mz;LfSf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhFk;. ,t;tifapy;> ehk; ,d;Dk; xU
,isa Njrj;jtNu> mj;Jld; ePq;fSk; vkJ tuyhw;wpd; xU gFjpahtPHfs;. mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkfd; vd;w
tifapy; ePq;fs; vLf;Fk; KbTfs; ekJ vjpHfhyj;jpid epHzapf;f cjTk;.
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikg; guPl;ir
(The Australian citizenship test)
mT];jpNuypahitg; gw;wpAk;> mjdJ
FbAupikAld; NrHe;J tUk; nghWg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;
rpwg;Gupikfs; Fwpj;Jk; Nghjpa mwpT cq;fSf;F
cz;lh vd kjpg;gpLk; tifapy; mT];jpNuypaf;
FbAupikg; guPl;ir tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mq;fpy nkhopapy; cq;fSf;F mbg;gil mwpT
,Uf;fpwjh vd kjpg;gpLk; tifapYk; ,e;j
FbAupikg; guPl;ir tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mq;fpyk; ekJ Njrpa nkhopahFk;. Mq;fpy
nkhopapy; njhlHghly; nfhs;s ,aYtnjd;gJ
mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpy; ePq;fs; rpwg;ghd Kiwapy;
gq;Nfw;f cjTk;. fy;tp> Ntiy tha;g;G kw;Wk;
mT];jpNuypah mspf;ftpUf;Fk; ,ju tha;g;Gf;fspd;
KOg; gad;fisAk; ePq;fs; ngwTk; ,J cjTk;.
FbAupikg; guPl;ir vd;gJ ePq;fs; Mq;fpy
nkhopapy; fzpdp (computer) apy; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gy
tpUg;gj; njupT guPl;ir (multiple choice test) MFk;.
xU Nfs;tpf; fsQ;rpaj;jpypUe;J jw;Nghf;fhfj;
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fl;lhakhFk;.
mT];jpNuypah KOtJk; FbtuT kw;Wk;
FbAupikj; Jiw (Department of Immigration and
Citizenship) apduJ mYtyfq;fspy; FbAupikr;
guPl;irfs; elj;jg;gLk;. mT];jpNuypah
neLfpYk; cs;sfg; gFjpfspy; gy ,lq;fspYk;>
ntspehLfspYs;s rpy J}jufq;fspYk;
,g;guPl;irfis elj;jj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,f;FbAupikg; guPl;irapy; NjHr;rpailtjD}lhf>
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik cWjpg;gpukhz (Australian
Citizenship Pledge) j;jpid ePq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;tjd;
Kyk; ePq;fs; mspf;Fk; gw;WWjpiag; Gupe;J
nfhs;s cq;fshy; ,aYk; vd;gij ePq;fs;
ep&gpj;jpUg;gPHfs;.
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikg;
guPl;irf;F Maj;jkhjy;
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nfhs;s ePq;fs; ,e;j %ytsg; Gj;jfj;jpid
(resource book) thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
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guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba (testable)> kw;Wk; guPl;irf;F
mg;ghw;gl;l gFjp (non-testable) vd ,uz;L gpupTfs;
,e;j Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;sd.
4 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G
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; pff
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gFjp 2 mT];jpNuypahtpd; [dehaf
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Rje;jpuq;fs;
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rl;lq;fSk;
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tpilaspf;f ,e;j guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba gFjpapYs;s
tplaq;fis ePq;fs; njupe;Jk;> Gupe;Jk; nfhs;s
Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;.
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(Non-testable Section)
mT];jpNuypahtpd; tuyhW kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuj;jpidg;
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gFjp 4 ,d;iwa mT];jpNuypah
gFjp 5 ekJ mT];jpNuypa tuyhW
gapw;rp tpdhf;fs; (Practice questions)
FbAupikr; guPl;irf;F cq;fis ePq;fs;
jahHgLj;jpf; nfhs;s cjTk; nghUl;L
guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba gFjp apd; ,Wjpapy; 20 gapw;rp
tpdhf;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
mUQ;nrhw; gl;bay; (Glossary)
guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba kw;Wk; guPl;irf;F mg;ghw;gl;l
,U gFjpfspd; KbtpYk; mUQ;nrhw; gl;bay;
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xd;W cs;sJ.
,e;jg; Gj;jfj;jpd; nkhopngaHg;Gfs;
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thrpf;ff; $ba> kw;Wk; ,e;j ehl;Lf;
Fbkf;fshFk; tha;g;Gs;s 37 rKjha
nkhopfisg; NgRk; kf;fSf;nfd ,e;jg; Gj;jfk;
nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. www.citizenship.gov.au vDk;
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik ,izajsj;jpypUe;J
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Mq;fpyj;jpy; cs;sJ. guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba gFjp
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xyp-xspj; jl;L jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j xyp-xspj;
jl;bid cj;jputpd; ngaupy; ngwyhk; my;yJ
www.citizenship.gov.au vDk; mT];jpNuypa
,izajsj;jpypUe;J ,wf;fk; nra;ayhk;.
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikg; guPl;ir
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Njitahd vOj;jwpTj; jpwd;fisg; ngw;wpUg;gH
vd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. Fiwe;j mstpyhd
Mq;fpy nkhopj; jpwd;fs; fhuzkhf cjtp
Njitg;gLNthUf;F tpdhf;fisAk;> njupT
nra;tjw;fhfj; jug;gl;Ls;s gy tpilfisAk;
rj;jkhfg; gbj;Jf; fhz;gpj;J xU mYtyuhy; cjt
,aYk;. fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;jj; Njitg;gLk; jpwd;
Fiwe;NjhUf;Fk; my;yJ cly; ,ayhikfs;
cilatHfSf;Fk; cjtp fpilf;Fk;. FbAupikr;
Nrhjidapd;NghJ cq;fSf;F cjtp Njitnadf;
fUjpdhy; mJ gw;wp FbAupik mYtyfj;jpd;
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 mT];jpNuypahtpd; khepyq;fSk; vy;iyg; gFjpfSk;
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,U ngUepyg;gFjp vy;iyg;gFjpfSk; mlq;fpAs;sd. nfd;guh mT];jpNuypahtpd; jiyefuhFk;. mj;Jld;
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Darwin

Northern
Territory

Queensland

Western Australia
Brisbane
South Australia
New South Wales
Perth Sydney
Adelaide Canberra
Australian Capital Territory
Victoria
Melbourne

Tasmania
Hobart

khepyk; jiyefuk;

New South Wales (NSW) Sydney

Victoria (Vic.) Melbourne

Queensland (Qld) Brisbane

Western Australia (WA) Perth

South Australia (SA) Adelaide

Tasmania (Tas.) Hobart

vy;iyg;gFjp jiyefuk;

Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Canberra

Northern Territory (NT) Darwin

nfd;guh (Canberra) mT];jpNuypahtpd; jiyefuKk;

MFk;

10 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G

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khepyj;jpd; jiyefuKk;> mT];jpNuypahtpd; kpfg;
ngUk; efuKkhFk;. ]pl;dpapYs;s `hHgH g;upl;[; epA+ ]Tj; Nty;];
kw;Wk; Xnguh `T]; Mfpait ,e;ehl;bd; Njrpar;
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khepyj;jpw;F tlf;Nf nlhu]; ePHr;re;jpj; jPTfs;
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ngUk;ghYk; tuz;l cs;sfg;gFjpfisAk; Ftpd;];yhe;J
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flw;fiuianahl;b cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w fpNul; gupah;
uPg; (Great Barrier Reef) mike;Js;sJ. Ftpd;]y
; he;J
khepyj;jpd; jiyefH gpup];gd; MFk;.;

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fuLKulhd flw;fiug; gFjpfisAk;> Gfo;

ngw;w jpuhl;ir cw;gj;jpg; gFjpfisAk; nfhz;l njw;F mT];jpNuypah
khepyk; South Australia MFk;. FbNaw;wf;fhy
fl;blf;fiyiaf; fhl;Lk; gy cjhuzq;fs; ,k;
khepyj;jpd; jiyefuhd mbnya;by; cs;sd.

gh]; ePupizapdhy; (Bass Strait) ngUepyg;gFjpapypUe;J

; g;gLk; Tasmania mT];jpNuypahtpd; kpfr; rpwpa
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j];Nkdpah
tdg;gFjpfshFk;. N`hghHl; j];Nkdpahtpd;
jiyefuk;.

vy;iyg;gFjpfs;
]pl;dp kw;Wk; nky;gHd; efuq;fSf;fpilNa
Australian Capital Territory mike;Js;sJ. ,J
Njrj;jpd; jiyefuhd nfd;guh mike;Js;s
gFjpahFk;. ghuhSkd;wf; fl;blk; kw;Wk; mT];jpNuypaj;
mT];jpNuypa cr;r ePjpkd;wk; Nghd;w Kf;fpakhd jiyefug; gFjp
NjrPa mikg;Gf;fspd; ,Ug;gplkhFk; ,J.

Northern Territory apd; tlGw vy;iyg;gFjpapy;

ntg;gg;gpuNjrKk;> njd;gFjpfspy; nrk;ik
epw ghiytdKk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j
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ngUk;ghyhNdhH ,jd; jiyefuhd lhHtpd; tlf;F vy;iyg;gFjp
efupYk;> kw;Wk; lhHtpdpypUe;J mT];jpNuypahtpd;
ikaj;jpw;F mUfpYs;s myp]; ];g;upq; efUf;Fr;
nry;Yk; neLQ;rhiyianahl;bAk; trpf;fpd;wdH.

gFjp 1 mT];jpNuypahTk; mjd; kf;fSk; 11

 njhd;Wnjhl;l kuGfSk; rpd;dq;fSk;
mT];jpNuypauJ Kf;fpa jpdq;fs;
mT];jpNuypa jpdk; (Australia Day)
xt;nthU Mz;Lk; [dtup 26 Mk; jpfjp mT];jpNuypa jpdk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. mT];jpNuypahtpYs;s
xt;nthU khepyj;jpYk; vy;iyg;gFjpapYk; mT];jpNuypa jpdk; xU nghJ tpLKiw ehshFk;.
mT];jpNuypa ehl;ilAk; kw;Wk; mT];jpNuypadhf ,Ug;gJ Fwpj;Jk; cs;s rpwg;ghd tplaq;fis
ehnlq;fpYk; cs;s rpwpa> ngupa r%fj;jpdHfs; mT];jpNuypa jpdj;jd;W nfhz;lhLtH. ,J
mT];jpNuypahtpy; eilngWk; kpf Kf;fpakhd tUlhe;jg; nghJ epfo;thFk;.
mT];jpNuypa jpdk; ekJ tuyhw;wpw;Fk;> ,e;j ehl;bid xU khngUk; Njrkhf cUthf;fpa midtUf;Fk;
kupahij nrYj;Jk; ehshFk;. ,J jw;fhyj;jpid kfpo;thff; nfhz;lhlTk;> kfpo;r;rp kpf;f vjpHfhyj;jpw;fhf
midtUk; cWjp G+Ztjw;Fkhd ehshFk;. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf> ehL KStJk; gy FbAupikr; rlq;Ffs;
mT];jpNuypa jpdj;jd;W ,lk;ngWfpd;wd.
gpupj;jhdpa murhq;fj;jpw;nfd jz;lidf;ifjpf; FbapUg;G xd;iw mikf;f ngupa gpupj;jhdpahtpypUe;J
Kjy; fg;gy;fs; njhFjp 1788-y; ,q;F te;jile;j ehs;jhd; [dtup 26 MFk;. Captain Arthur Phillip vd;gtH ,f;
fg;gy;fspd; jsgjpahthH.
mT];jpNuypa jpdj;jd;W ,uT Mz;bd; rpwe;j mT];jpNuypaH (Australian of the Year) tpUJfis gpujkH
nfd;guhtpy; mwptpg;ghH.

Xt;nthU Mz;Lk; mT];jpNuypa jpdj;jd;W gy FbAupikr; Md;]f; jpd mzptFg;G (Anzac Day parade)
rlq;Ffs; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd

Md;]f; jpdk; (Anzac Day)

xt;nthU tUlKk; Vg;uy; khjk; 25-Mk; Njjp Md;]f; jpdk; mD\;bf;fg;gLfpwJ. Kjyhk; cyfg; Nghupd;
NghJ> 1915-Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; khjk; 25-Mk; Njjp JUf;fpapy; cs;s fypnghyp (Gallipoli) vDk; ,lj;jpy;
mT];jpNuypa kw;Wk; epA+]Pyhe;Jg; gilapdH (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) jiuapwq;fpa ehs;jhd;
Md;]f; jpdk; (Anzac Day) vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
Aj;jq;fs;> rHr;irfs; kw;Wk; mikjp fhf;Fk; gzpfspy; Nritahw;Wk; NghJ capHj; jpahfk; nra;j
midj;J mT];jpNuypaHfisAk; ehk; mikjpahf epidT $Wk; ehNs Md;]f; jpdk;; vd
miof;fg;gLfpwJ. midj;J ,uhZt tPuHfs; kw;Wk; tPuhq;fidfsJ ijupaj;ijAk;> ehl;Lg;gw;iwAk; ehk;
kupahij kjpg;Gld; epidT $HfpNwhk;.
mT];jpNuypa jpdk;> Md;]f; jpdk; kw;Wk; Kf;fpakhd NjrPa ehl;fs; kw;Wk; nfhz;lhl;lq;fs; gw;wpa
Nkyjpfj; jfty;fis gFjp 4 ,y; ,d;iwa mT];jpNuypahtpy; fhzyhk;.

12 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G

mT];jpNuypaf; nfhbfs;
mT];jpNuypahtpy; mjpfhuG+Htkhd %d;W nfhbfs; cs;sd: mT];jpNuypa Njrpaf; nfhb> mT];jpNuypa
mNghup[pdp G+HtPf kf;fsJ nfhb kw;Wk; nlhu]; ePupizj; jPtfj;jpduJ nfhb.
xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk;> vy;iyg;gFjpf;Fk; cupj;jhd nfhbAk; cs;sJ. ,tw;iwg; gf;fk;; 11,y; fhzyhk;.

mT];jpNuypa Njrpaf; nfhb

mT];jpNuypa Njrpaf; nfhbapy; ePyk;> nts;is
kw;Wk; rptg;G tz;zq;fs; cs;sd. ,jpy; %d;W
Kf;fpa gFjpfs; cz;L:
A+dpad; n[f; (Union Jack) vd miof;fg;gLk;
gpupj;jhdpahtpd; nfhb NkNy ,lJ gf;f
%iyapy; fhzg;gLk;. ekJ gpupj;jhdpa
FbNaw;w tuyhw;wpid ,J Fwpf;Fk;.
nghJey muR el;rj;jpuk; (The Commonwealth Star)
A+dpad; n[f; ,d; fPNo ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j
el;rj;jpuk; VO Kidfisf; nfhz;lJ> MW
Kidfs; xt;nthU khepyj;ijAk;> VohtJ
Kid vy;iyg;gFjpfisAk; Fwpf;Fk;.
mT];jpNuypa Njrpaf; nfhb ePyk;> nts;is kw;Wk; rptg;G
tyJ Gwkhf ,Uf;Fk; njw;Fr; rpYitahdJ tz;zq;fisf; nfhz;lJ
(Southern Cross) thdj;jpd; njd; gFjpapy; ehk;
fhZk; xU el;rj;jpuf; FOkkhFk;.

mT];jpNuypa mnghup[pd;
goq;FbapdH nfhb
(The Australian Aboriginal Flag)
mT];jpNuypa mnghup[pdp; G+HtPff;FbapdH
nfhbahdJ fUg;G> rptg;G kw;Wk; kQ;rs;
epwq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. ,jpy; %d;W Kf;fpa gFjpfs;
cs;sd. ,e;epwq;fsJ nghJthd mHj;jkhdJ:
nfhbapd; Nkw;Gw miug;gFjp fUg;G
epwkhdJ. ,J mT];jpNuypa mnghup[pdp;
G+HtPff;Fbapdiuf; Fwpg;gjhFk;.
fPNoAs;s miug; gFjp rptg;G epwkhFk;. ,J
,e;j kz;izAk;> ,e;j epyj;Jld; ,k; kf;fs;
nfhz;Ls;s Mj;kPfj; njhlHgpidAk; Fwpf;Fk;.
kQ;rs; epw tl;lkhdJ fjputidf; Fwpf;Fk;.
mT];jpNuypa mnghup[pdp; G+HtPff;FbapdH nfhbahdJ fUg;G>
rptg;G kw;Wk; kQ;rs; epwq;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;
nlhu]; ePupidj; jPtfj;jpduJ nfhb
(The Torres Strait Islander Flag)
nlhu]; ePupizj; jPtfj;jpduJ nfhbahdJ
gr;ir> ePyk;> fUg;G kw;Wk; nts;is epwq;fisf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
gr;ir epwf; NfhLfshdJ epyj;jpidf; FwpfF
; k;.
kj;jpag; gFjpapYs;s ePyg; gFjpahdJ
fliyf; Fwpf;Fk;.
fUg;G epwf; NfhLfs; nlhu]; ePupizj; jPtf
kf;fisf; fhl;Lk;.
eLg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; eldkhbapd;
ntz;ik epwj; jiy mzp nlhu]; ePupizj;
jPtfj;jtHfs; midtuJ rpd;dkhFk;. nlhu]; ePupizj; jPtfj;jpduJ nfhbahdJ gr;ir> ePyk;> fUg;G
kw;Wk; nts;is epwq;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;
,jpYs;s nts;is el;rj;jpuj;jpd; Kidfs;
nlhu]; ePupizapYs;s jPTfisf; Fwpf;Fk;.
,jpYs;s ntz;ik epwk; mikjpiaf; FwpfF
; k;.

gFjp 1 mT];jpNuypahTk; mjd; kf;fSk; 13

 nghJey muRr; rpd;dk;
(Commonwealth Coat of Arms)
nghJey muRr; rpd;dk; vd;gJ mT];jpNuypag;
nghJey murpd; mjpfhuG+Ht milahsr;
rpd;dkhFk;. ekJ Njrpa xUikg;ghl;bid ,J
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gL;j;JfpwJ. mT];jpNuypag; nghJey
murpdJ mjpfhuj;jpw;Fk;> nrhj;jpw;Fk; ,J
milahskha; tpsq;FfpwJ.
,jd; kj;jpapYs;s Nflak; ehl;bd; MW
khepyq;fisAk;> $l;likg;gpidAk; fhl;LfpwJ.
xU gf;fj;jpy; fq;fhU xd;Wk;> kW gf;fj;jpy;
,kpA xd;Wk; ,f;Nflaj;ijj; jhq;fp
epw;fpd;wd. fq;fhUfs; mT];jpNuypahtpd;
RNjr tpyq;FfshFk;> mj;Jld; ,kpAfs;
nghJey muRr; rpd;dk;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; RNjr gwitfshFk;.
nghd;dpwkhd nghJey muR el;rj;jpuk; xd;W
,f; Nflaj;jpd; Nkw;Gwkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa kyuhd jq;f
thl;by; (Golden Wattle) gpd;dzpapy; fhzg;gLk;.

mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa kyH

jq;f thl;by; mT];jpNuypahtpdJ Njrpa
kyuhFk;. ,r;rpW kukhdJ nghJthf
mT];jpNuypahtpd; njd;fpof;Fg; gFjpapy;
tsHfpwJ. tre;jfhyj;jpy; ,k;kuk; gpufhrkhd
gRik ,iyfisAk;> gy nghd;dpw kQ;rs;
kyHfisAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. xt;nthU
mT];jpNuypa khepyKk;> vy;iyg;gFjpAk; jdf;Nf
cupj;jhd kyHr; rpd;dq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

jq;f thl;by; (Golden Wattle)

mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa tz;zq;fs;

jq;f thl;by; ,d;; epwq;fshd nghd;dpwKk;
gr;irAk; mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa epwq;fshFk;.
ekJ Njrpa tpisahl;L mzpfsJ rPUilfs;
nghJthf gr;ir kw;Wk; jq;f epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa epwq;fs; gr;irAk;

nghd;dpwKkhFk;.

mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa ituf;fy;

(Australias national gemstone)
Xgy; (the Opal) mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa
ituf;fy; MFk;. mnghup[pdp goq;fijfspy;>
thdtpy; xd;W G+kpiaj; njhl;L xgy; fy;ypd;
tz;zq;fis cUthf;fpaJ.

Xgy; (Opal)

14 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G

 mT];jpNuypa Njrpa fPjk;
ml;thd;]; m];l;uhypah /ngaH (Advance Australia Fair) mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa fPjkhFk;. Njrpa
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j epfo;r;rpfspy; ,J ,irf;fg;gLfpwJ. mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikr; rlq;FfspYk;>
Kf;fpa tpisahl;L epfo;r;rpfspYk; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfspYk; ,J ,irf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J ,j;Njrj;jpid
xd;WgLj;JfpwJ> mj;Jld;; xU mT];jpNuypadhf ,Ug;gjd; kfpo;itAk; ngUkpjj;ijAk; ,J
ntspg;gilahfj; njupag;gLj;JfpwJ.

Advance Australia Fair

Australians all let us rejoice,

For we are young and free;

Weve golden soil and wealth for toil;

Our home is girt by sea;

Our land abounds in natures gifts

Of beauty rich and rare;

In historys page, let every stage

Advance Australia Fair.

In joyful strains then let us sing,

Advance Australia Fair.

Beneath our radiant Southern Cross

Well toil with hearts and hands;

To make this Commonwealth of ours

Renowned of all the lands;

For those whove come across the seas

Weve boundless plains to share;

With courage let us all combine

To Advance Australia Fair.

In joyful strains then let us sing,

Advance Australia Fair.

*Njrpa fPjk; gw;wp ePq;fs; guPl;rpf;fg;gl;lhYk; Njrpa fPjj;jpy; cs;s thHj;ijfs; Fwpj;J ePq;fs; guPl;rpf;fg;gl
khl;Bh;fs;.

gFjp 1 mT];jpNuypahTk; mjd; kf;fSk; 15

 gFjp 2
mT];jpNuypahtpd; [dehaf
ek;gpf;iffs;> cupikfs; kw;Wk;
Rje;jpuq;fs;
*flTs; kPJ cWjpahf> ,f;fzj;jpypUe;J ,dp tUk; fhynky;yhk;

M];jpNuypahtpwF
; k;> mjd; kf;fSf;Fk;

mtHfspd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffisg; gfpHe;J nfhs;tjhfTk;

mtHfspd; cupikfisAk;> Rje;jpuj;ijAk; kjpj;njhOFtjhfTk;

mtHfspd; rl;lq;fis kjpj;Jg; gpd;gw;WtjhfTk; tpRthrg; gpukhzk; mspf;fpd;Nwd;.

*flTs; kPJ (under God) vd;w thHj;ijfisg; gad;gLj;jyhkh my;yJ Ntz;lhkh vd;gJ xUtuJ nrhe;j tpUg;gkhFk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;>
cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; [dehaf ek;gpfi ; ffis gfpHe;J
nfhs;fpwHP fs; vdTk;> mT];jpNuypa kf;fsJ
cupikfisAk;> Rje;jpuq;fisAk; kjpff ; pwHP fnsdTk;
gpufldg;gLj;jp FbAupikr; rlq;fpd; NghJ ePqf ; s;
cWjpgg; pukhzk; xd;iw Nkw;nfhs;tHP fs;.
mT];jpNuypah xU [dehaf ehL. ehl;ilahSk;
gpujpepjpfis kf;fs; Rje;jpukha;j; NjHe;njLj;J>
,g;gpujpepjpfs; kf;fspd; rhHghf rl;lq;fis
,aw;Wk; murhq;f mikg;G KiwiaNa [dehafk;
vd;wiof;fpNwhk;.
mikjp> kupahij> Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; rkj;Jtk;
Mfpatw;wpy; mT];jpNuypa kf;fs; ek;gpf;if
nfhz;Ls;sdH. kw;w kdpjHfsJ NtWghLfs; kw;Wk;
tpUg;gq;fspy; jkf;F cld;ghL ,y;yhtpbDk;> ,e;j
Ntw;WikfisAk;> tpUg;gq;fisAk; kjpg;gnjd;gJ
mT];jpNuypauhf ,Ug;gjd; Kf;fpakhdnjhU
mq;fkhFk;. ve;j ehL> vd;d ghuk;gupak;> vd;d
ghypdk; vd;w tpj;jpahrkpd;wp midtiuAk;
rkkha; elj;jp> midj;J mT];jpNuypaUf;Fk; rk
tha;gG; f;fisAk;> cupikfisAk; toq;FtNj
mT];jpNuypauhf ,Ug;gjd; mHj;jkhFk;.
ekJ ehl;bw;Fk; fyhr;rhuj;jpw;Fk; tbtspj;Js;s
,e;j [dehaf ek;gpf;iffspd; fhuzkhfNt mNefH
jhKk; mT];jpNuypaHfshf Mf Ntz;Lnkd
tpUk;Gfpd;wdH. vdNt> midj;J mT];jpNuypaUk;
Nghw;Wk; ,e;j [dehaf ek;gpf;iffisAk;>
cupikfisAk;> Rje;jpuq;fisAk; ePqf ; s; Gupe;J
nfhs;s Ntz;baJ kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
ekJ [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;
ghuhSkd;w [dehafk;
(Parliamentary Democracy)
mT];jpNuypahtpdJ murhl;rp Kiw ghuhSkd;w
[dehafkhFk;. ehL vg;gb Msg;gLfpwJ vd;gjpy;
midj;J mT];jpNuypaUf;Fk; gq;fL P ghL cz;L
vd;gNj ,jd; fUj;jhFk;. NjHjy;fspy; jtwhJ
thf;fspj;J> jhkidtiuAk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtw;nfd jkJ gpujpepjpfis
mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkf;fs; NjHe;njLf;Fk;
fhuzj;jpdhy; murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhuk; vd;gJ
mT];jpNuypa kf;fsplkpUe;Nj tUfpwJ vd;gJ
GydhFk;. ehl;il MStjw;fhd rl;lq;fis
,aw;Wk; kw;Wk; khw;Wk; mjpfhuk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;Nf
cz;L.
ghuhSkd;w [dehaf Kiwnahd;wpy;> jhk;
vLf;Fk; KbTfSf;F> NjHjy;fspd; %ykhf>
ghuhSkd;wj;jpYs;s kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; gjpyspj;jhf
Ntz;Lk;.
rl;lj;jpd; Nkyhl;rp (The rule of law)
mT];jpNuypahtpy; thOk; midj;J kf;fSf;Fk;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; rl;lq;fs; Kf;fpakhditahFk;.
mikjpahd kw;Wk; xOq;fhd r%fj;jpidg;
guhkupg;gjw;F rl;lk; vt;tsT ,d;wpaikahjJ
vd;gij mT];jpNuypaHfs; mwptH.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; rl;lq;fshy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;
cupik midj;J mT];jpNuypaUf;Fk; cz;L.
mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fSf;F midtUk;
fPo;g;gba Ntz;Lk;. rl;lq;fSf;F mbgzpahNjhH
fhty;Jiwapduhy; ifJ nra;ag;glyhk;> mj;Jld;
ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F ,tHfs; nry;y Ntz;ba NjitAk;
Vw;glyhk;.
gFjp 2 mT];jpNuypahtpdJ [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;> cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs;
midj;J mT];jpNuypaHfSk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;
rkkhdtHfNs> ve;jnthU egNuh my;yJ FOtpdNuh
; Nkw;gl;ltuy;y. ,JNt rl;lj;jpd;
rl;lj;jpwF
Nkyhl;rp vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ. mT];jpNuypa
r%fq;fspy; mjpfhuk; gilj;j gjtpfis tfpgN ; ghUk;
mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fis kjpjn ; jhOf Ntz;baJ
fl;lhak;. murhq;f> r%f kw;Wk; kjj; jiytHfSk;>
tHj;jfHfSk; fhty;JiwapdUk; ,jpy; cs;slq;FtH.
mikjpahf tho;jy;
];jpukhd murhq;f Kiwikiaf; nfhz;l
mikjpahd xU ehl;by; tho;tJ Fwpj;J ehk;
ngUikg;gLfpNwhk;. fye;Jiuahly;fs;> mikjpahd
Kiwapyhd fUj;Jf; $wy; kw;Wk; [dehaf
Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wjy; vd;gd %yNk khw;wq;fs;
epfo Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj vkJ ek;gpf;ifahFk;.
xU kdpjdJ kdijNah my;yJ rl;lj;ijNah
khw;w td;Kiwia xU topahff; nfhs;tij ehk;
epuhfupf;fpNwhk;.
gpd;dzp Fwpj;j Ngjk; VJkpd;wp
midj;Jj; jdpkdpjUf;Fk; kjpg;G
mT];jpNuypahtpy; FbakUtjw;nfd
cynfq;fpUe;Jk; kf;fs; tUfpdw ; dH. kf;fs; gyUf;F
NtW fyhr;r ; hug; ghuk;gupaKk;> NtW ek;gpfi; ffSk;>
kuGfSk; cs;sd. ,e;j ek;gpfi ; ffSk;> kuGfSk;
mT];jpNuypa rl;lj;ij kPwhj tiuapYk; mtw;iw
kjpff
; Tk;> gfpHe;J nfhs;sTk; ekJ [dehaf
r%fj;jpy; ekf;F Rje;jpuk; cz;L.
,r; Rje;jpuj;jpid ehk; kjpj;Jg; NgZtNjhL
xUtiunahUtH ,dk;> te;j Njrk;> ghypdk;>
ghypd tpUg;Gj;njupT> jpUkz epiy> taJ>
clypayhik> ghuk;gupak;> fyhr;rhuk;> murpay;>
nry;tk;; my;yJ kjk; Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy;
ghFghbd;wp elj;j Ntz;Lnkd midj;J
mT];jpNuypauplKk; vjpHghHf;fpNwhk;.
midtuJ nfsutj;jpw;Fk; kjpg;gspf;Fk;
,e;j gu];gu kupahij Kiwikia ehk;
Nghw;wpg;NgZfpNwhk;.
NjitapypUg;NghUf;Ff; fUiz
fhl;ly;
Njhoikg;ghuk;gupak; (mateship) vDk; czHT
mT];jpNuypahtpy; cz;L. cjtp Njitg;gLk;
jUzq;fspy; ehk; xUtUf;nfhUtH cjtpff ; uk;
; fpNwhk; vd;gNj ,jd; nghUshFk;. Njhod;
ePlL
(mate) vdg;gLk; egH nghJthf ez;gnuhUtuhfNt
,Ug;ghH> vdpDk; ,tH mwNt Kd;gpdd ; wpahj
xUtuhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. Nkl; vd;gtH %j;j
maytH xUtUf;F czT vLj;Jr; nry;yyhk;>
itj;jpaiug; ghHg;gjw;nfd ez;gnuhUtiu
thfdj;jpy; mioj;Jr; nry;yyhk;> my;yJ jdpikapy;
,Uf;Fk; xUtuJ ,y;yj;jpwF ; tp[ak; nra;ayhk;.
,j; NjhoikAzHtpd; fhuzkhf RatpUg;g
r%fj; njhz;bd; %yk; gy jdpgg ; l;l kf;fSk;>
mikg;gpdUk; kw;wtHfSf;F cjTfpdw ; dH.
ePqf
; Sk; xU RatpUg;gj; njhz;luhfyhk;.
,t;thW RatpUg;Gj;njhz;lhw;WtJ kdj;
jpUg;jpaspff; ty;yjhFk;. ,J> ehkwpej ; tplaq;fis
kw;wtHfSld; gfpHe;J nfhs;sTk;> GJj; jpwd;fisg;
gapyTk;> mT];jpNuypa r%fj;Jld; cq;fSf;Fs;s
gpizg;GzHit Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd ngUk;
tha;gg; hFk;. r%fg; ghJfhg;G (social security) kw;Wk;
,ju Nritfspd; thapyhf cjtp Njitg;gLk;
mT];jpNuypaUf;F ekJ muRk; xj;jhir nra;fpwJ.
17
 ekJ Rje;jpuq;fs;
Ngr;Rupik kw;Wk; fUj;jspg;G cupik
jhk; epidg;gijr; nrhy;yTk;> vOjTk; kw;Wk;
jkJ fUj;Jf;fs; FwpjJ ; kw;wtHfSld;
fye;JiuahLtjw;Fkhd Rje;jpuj;ij Ngr;Rupik
toq;FfpwJ. fiy> jpiug;glk;> ,ir kw;Wk;
,yf;fpak; %ykhfj; jk; fUj;Jf;fis ntspgg ; Lj;Jk;
Rje;jpuj;jpidf; fUj;jspgG
; upik mspff
; pwJ.
ve;jj; jiyg;G Fwpj;Jk; ehk; vz;Ztijg; gw;wpj;
jdpg;gl;l KiwapNyh my;yJ gfpuq;fkhfNth
NgrTk;> vOJtjw;Fkhd cupik mT];jpNuypahtpy;
ekf;Fs;sJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> kw;NwhUf;Fj;
jPq;fpiof;f ,ayhJ.
murpd; jPHkhdq;fs; my;yJ rl;lq;fis mikjpahd Kiwapy;
Ml;Nrgpf;Fk; Rje;jpuk; mT];jpNuypaUf;F cz;L
ngha;f; Fw;wr;rhl;Lfisr; Rkj;jNth> rl;lj;ij
kPWkhW kw;wtiu Cf;Ftpf;fNth my;yJ
,d;ndhUtuJ ew;ngaUf;Ff; fsq;fk;
tpistpf;fNth xUtuhy; ,ayhJ. cz;ikf;Fg;
Gwk;ghd jfty;fspypUe;J xUtuJ ew;ngaiuf;
ghJfhg;gjw;fhd rl;lq;fs; cs;sd.
kw;wtuJ fyhr;rhuk;> ,dk; my;yJ gpd;Gyk;
Mfpatw;iwf; fhuzkha;f; nfhz;L mtH kPJ
ntWg;G Vw;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpNyh my;yJ td;Kiw
Vtg;gLk; tpjj;jpNyh nrayhw;WtJ rl;l
tpNuhjkhFk;.
r%f my;yJ murpay; tplaq;fisg; gw;wpf;
fye;JiuahLk; nghUl;L nghJ my;yJ
jdpaplq;fspy; kf;fis ehk; Rje;jpukha;r;
re;jpf;fyhk;. murhq;fj;ij ehk; tpkHrpf;fyhk;>
murpd; jPHkhdq;fis vjpHj;J mikjpahd
topfspy; Ml;Nrgidia ntspg;gLj;jyhk; kw;Wk;
rl;lq;fis khw;wf; Nfhupg; gpur;rhuk; nra;ayhk;.
VidNahuJ Ngr;R kw;Wk; fUj;Jiug;Gr; Rje;jpuj;ij
ehk; kjpj;njhOf Ntz;baJk; fl;lhakhFk;.
nra;jpj;jhs;fs;> njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; thndhyp
Mfpatw;wpw;Fk; ,Nj Rje;jpuk; cz;L.
18 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G
Xd;wpizAk; cupik
(Freedom of association)
murpay; fl;rp> njhopyhsH rq;fk;> rka> fyhrhu
my;yJ r%ff; FOf;fs; Nghd;w rl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l
mikg;Gfs; vjpYk; mT];jpNuypaHfs; Rje;jpukhar;
Nruyhk;. my;yJ Nruhky; ,Uf;fyhk;.
murhq;fj;jpd; nraYf;Nfh my;yJ xU
mikg;gpw;Nfh vjpHg;Gj; njuptpj;J mT];jpNuypaHfs;
xd;W $lyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> vy;yhtpj vjpHg;GfSk;
rl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;ljha; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;. vjpHg;Gj;
njuptpg;gtHfs; mikjpiaf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;>
kw;Wk; vtUf;Fk; fhak; Vw;gLj;jNth my;yJ
nrhj;Jf;fSf;F Nrjk; tpistpf;fNth $lhJ
vd;gJ ,jd; nghUshFk;.
rka Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; rka
rhHgw;w muR
mT];jpNuypah A+j-fpUj;jt ghuk;gupak; nfhz;l
xU ehlhFk;. ngUk;ghd;ik mT];jpNuypaHfs;
jk;ik fpUj;jtHfs; vd tHzpg;gH. ngupa nts;sp
<];jH QhapW kw;Wk; fpUj;Jk]; jpdk; Nghd;w
fpUj;jt ehl;fs; nghJ tpLkiw ehl;fshFk;.
vdpDk;> mT];jpNuypa muR rka rhHgw;wJ.
cj;jpNahfG+Ht Njrpa kjk; vJTk; fpilahJ
vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs;.
rka nraw;ghLfs; mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fis
kPwhj kl;bYk;> jhk; tpUk;Gk; vk;kjj;ijAk;
gpd;gw;Wk; Rje;jpuk; mT];jpNuypa kf;fSf;F
cs;sJ. fpUj;Jt rkaj;Jld; ngsj;jk;> ,];yhk;>
`pe;Jj;Jtk;> A+jk; kw;Wk; ,ju gy rkaq;fs;
mT];jpNuypahtpy; Rje;jpukha;g; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
vr;rkaj;ijAk; gpd;gw;whjpUf;Fk; cupikAk;
mT];jpNuypaUf;F cz;L. kf;fsJ rkak; my;yJ
ek;gpf;iffs; vJthapUg;gpDk;> muR midj;Jg;
gpuirfisAk; rkkha; elj;JfpwJ.
rkaq;fsJ ,f;fyg;G mT];jpNuypahit xU
fhj;jpuk; tha;e;j gy;fyhrhu r%fkhf;FfpwJ.
ngUk;ghd;ik rkaq;fs; jkf;Nf cupj;jhd
tpjpKiwfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd> vdpDk; ,it
mT];jpNuypar; rl;lq;fshfhJ. cjhuzkhf>
gps;isg; nghWg;G kw;Wk; nrhj;Jg; gpuptpid
Mfpait cs;slq;f> tpthfuj;J ngwg;gLk;
Kiw mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jhy;
epiwNtw;wg;gl;l rl;lq;fspd;gbNa eilngw
Ntz;Lk;. ,r; rl;lq;fshy; ghJfhg;G nra;ag;gLk;
cupik midj;J mT];jpNuypaUf;Fk;
,Uf;fpwJ. xNu Neuj;jpy; xd;wpw;;Fk; Nkw;gl;l
tho;f;ifj;JiztHfisf; nfhz;bUg;gJ
Nghd;w rpy rka my;yJ fyhrhu nraw;ghLfs;
mT];jpNuypa rl;lj;jpw;F KuzhdjhFk;.
ekJ rkj;Jtk;
mT];jpNuypa rkj;Jtk;;
ghy;> ,dk;> mq;ftPdk; my;yJ taJ fhuzkhf
ahnuhUtUk; ghFgLj;jg;gl;L elj;jg;glhkypUg;gij
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; rl;lq;fs; gy mT];jpNuypahtpy;
cs;sd.

Mz; - ngz; rkj;Jtk;

MltH> ngz;bUf;F mT];jpNuypahtpy; rk
cupikAz;L. ghypdk; fhuzkhf xUtH
Ntw;Wikg;gLj;jg;gLtJ mT];jpNuypahtpy; rl;l
tpNuhjkhFk;.
mT];jpNuypa kf;fs;; vr;rkaj;ijAk; gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk;
jpUkzk; Nghd;w nrhe;j tplaq;fspy; Rje;jpukhf nfhz;ltHfs;
KbntLf;Fk; cupik mT];jpNuypahtpy; MltUf;Fk;
kfspUf;Fk; cz;L> kw;Wk; mr;RWj;jy; my;yJ
td;KiwapypUe;J midtUf;Fk; ghJfhg;Gz;L.
fy;tp kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;Gf;fspy; Mz;> ngz;
,UghyhUf;Fk; rktha;g;G mspf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSk; thf;fspf;fyhk;>
kw;Wk;; ghuhSkd;wj; NjHjypy; Nghl;baplyhk;.
mT];jpNuypag; ghJfhg;Gg; gilfspYk;>
fhty;JiwapYk; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; Nruyhk;;.
ePjpkd;wq;fspy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; rkkhf
elhj;jg;gLtH.

midtUf;Fk; rk tha;g;G
r%fj;jpdupilNa Ngjf;$Wfs; ,Ug;gjpy;
mT];jpNuypaHfSf;F ek;gpf;ifapy;iy. khwhf>
xt;nthUtUf;Fk; epahakhd tha;g;G (fair go) MltUk;> kfspUk; ,uhZtk;> flw;gil kw;Wk; tpkhdg;
mspf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd tpioAk; Ngjkw;w gilfspy; Nruyhk;
r%fj;jpy;jhd; ehk; ek;gpf;if itj;Js;Nshk;. jkJ
nrhj;J nry;tk; my;yJ gpd;Gyk; Mfpatw;wpw;fhf
my;yhky;> jkJ fbd ciog;G kw;Wk; jpwikfs;
Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhfNt xUtH gyDw Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJ ,jd; mHj;jkhFk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf>
xUtUf;F NtiyNah my;yJ gjtp caHNth
mtuJ gpd;dzpapd; fhuzkhf md;wp> mtuJ
jpwikfs;> Mw;wy; kw;Wk; mDgtj;jpd;
mbg;gilapNyNa mspf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
tHj;jfk;> njhopy;tiffs;> fiyfs; nghJr;Nrit
kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lfspy; jkJ mauhj ciog;G
kw;Wk; jpwikfshy; Kd;dzpf;F te;Js;s Gjpjhf
Fbte;NjhH Fwpj;j gy fijfs; mT];jpNuypahtpy;
cz;L.

gy;fiyf; fofj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W gbf;Fk; tha;g;G midj;J

mT];jpNuypaHfSf;Fk; cz;L

gFjp 2 mT];jpNuypahtpdJ [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;> cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs; 19

 mT];jpNuypag;
gpurhcupikahy;
fpl;Lk; rpwg;GupikfSk;
nghWg;GfSk;
mT];jpNuypa epue;juf; Fb vDk; Kiwapy;> ePq;fs;
Vw;fdNt Rje;jpukhd [dehaf r%fj;jpy; trpj;J
tUfpd;wPh;fs;. XH mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahFk;NghJ
cq;fSf;F Gjpa nghWg;Gf;fs; te;J NrUk;>
gytpjkhd GJ ed;ikfSk; cq;fSf;Ff; fpl;Lk;.
nghWg;Gf;fs; - mT];jpNuypahtpw;F
ePq;fs; toq;Ftnjd;d?
XH mT];jpNuypag; gpuir vDk; Kiwapy; ePq;fs;
fl;lhakhf:
rl;lj;jpw;Ff; fPo;g;gbaNtz;Lk;
$l;luR> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpj;
NjHjy;fspYk;> fUj;Jf;fzpg;GfspYk;
(referendum) thf;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;
NjitnaOe;jhy; mT];jpNuypahitf; fhf;f
Ntz;Lk;
miof;fg;gLk;nghOJ [_up xd;wpy;
mq;fj;jpduhfg; gzpahw;w Ntz;Lk;.
rpwg;Gupikfs; - mT];jpNuypah
cq;fSf;F mspg;gnjd;d?
XH mT];jpNuypag; gpuir vDk; Kiwapy;
cq;fSf;Ff; fPo;tUk; cupikfs; cz;L:
$l;luR> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpj;
NjHjy;fspYk;> thf;nfLg;GfspYk; thf;fspjj
; y;
mT];jpNuypa muR NritfspYk; my;yJ
mT];jpNuypa ghJfhg;Gg; gilfspYk;
Ntiyf;F tpz;zg;gpj;jy;
ghuhSkd;wj; NjHjypy; Nghl;baply;
mT];jpNuypaf; flTr;rPl;bw;F (passport)
tpz;zg;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; Rje;jpukhf kPz;Lk;
mT];jpNuypahtpw;F tUjy;
fly;fle;j ehnlhd;wpy; ,Uf;Fk;nghOJ
mT];jpNuypa mjpfhupfsplkpUe;J cjtp ngwy;
fly;jhz;ba ehLfspy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfis
re;jjp mbg;gilapyhd mT];jpNuypag;
gpuirfshfg; gjpT nra;jy;.
nghWg;Gfs;
rl;lj;jpw;Ff; fPo;g;gbAq;fs;
XOq;Fk;> Rje;jpuKk;> ghJfhg;Gk; cila
r%fk; xd;iwg; guhkupj;J ekJ cupikfisg;
ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L murhq;fj;jpYs;s ekJ
gpujpepjpfshy; rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jhYk;> khepy kw;Wk;
vy;iyg;gFjpg; ghuhSkd;wq;fshYk; kw;Wk; cs;SH
efuitfshYk; ,aw;wg;gLk; rl;lq;fis midj;J
mT];jpNuypaHfSk; gpd;gw;wpnahOf Ntz;Lk;.
gFjp 3 - mT];jpNuypa muRk; rl;lKk; vDk;
ghfj;jpy; mT];jpNuypahtpd; rpy Kf;fpa rl;lq;fs;
Fwpj;j Nkyjpfj; jfty;fisf; fhzyhk;.
20 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G
$l;luR> khepy my;yJ
vy;iyg;gFjpj; NjHjy;fspYk;>
fUj;Jf;fzpg;GfspYk; thf;fspAq;fs;
thf;fspg;gnjd;gJ midj;J mT];jpNuypag;
gpuirfSf;Fk; cs;s Kf;fpakhd cupikAk;
nghWg;Gk; MFk;. ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ek;ikg;
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtw;nfd ehk; tpUk;Gk; egHfis
ehk; NjHe;njLf;fpNwhk;. ,g;gbr; nra;tjd;
thapyhf> ekJ ehL Msg;gLk; tpjj;jpw;Fk;>
mT];jpNuypahtpd; vjpHfhyj;jpw;F ehk;
gq;fspg;gjw;Fkhd fUj;ijj; njuptpf;fpd;Nwhk;.
,e; ehl;bd; gpuir vDk; Kiwapy>; $l;luR>
khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFjpj; NjHjy;fspy; ePqf ; s;
jtwhJ thf;fspff ; Ntz;Lk;. mT];jpNuypa
murpay; rhrdj;jpy; (Australian Constitution) khw;wk;
Vw;gLj;Jtjw;nfd vg;nghOjhtJ elj;jg;gLk;
fUj;Jf;fzpgG ; fspYk; ePqf ; s; thf;fspff ; Ntz;Lk;.
gFjp 3 - mT];jpNuypa muRk; rl;lKk; vDk;
ghfj;jpy; mT];jpNuypahtpd; murpay; rhrdk; gw;wpa
Nkyjpfj; jfty;fisf; fhzyhk;.
18 kw;Wk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l taJila
mT];jpNuypaHfs; jkJ ngaH kw;Wk; Kftupfis
thf;fhsH gl;baypy; gjpf;f Ntz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;.
thf;fhsH gl;baypy; cq;fsJ ngaH xU Kiw
NrHf;fg;gl;l gpwF 18 my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l
taJila midj;J mT];jpNuypa gpuirfSk;
$l;luR kw;Wk; khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpj;
NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspf;fNtz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;.
rpy khepyq;fspy; cs;SH efuitj; NjHjy;fspy;
thf;fspj;jy; fl;lhaky;y.
$l;luR> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjp kw;Wk; cs;SH efuitj;
NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspg;gjd; %yk; ekJ fUj;J vd;d vd;gij
ehk; ntspg;gLj;JfpNwhk;
NjitnaOe;jhy;
mT];jpNuypahitf; fhf;f Ntz;Lk;
mT];jpNypag; ghJfhg;Gg; gilfspy; Nrit
Guptnjd;gJ xUtuJ tpUg;gj;ijg; nghWj;jJ
vd;whYk;> NjitnaOk; Neuj;jpy; Njrj;ijAk;
mjd; tho;T KiwiaAk; fhf;f cWjp G+z;L
midj;J mT];jpNuypaUk; xd;wpiza Ntz;Lk;.
miof;fg;gLk;nghOJ [_up rig
xd;wpy; mq;fj;jpduhfg; gzpahw;w
Ntz;Lk;
[_up rigapy; gzpahw;WtJ 18 my;yJ mjw;Fk;
Nkw;gl;l taJila midj;J mT];jpNuypa
gpuirfSf;Fk; cs;s xU nghWg;ghFk;. ePjpkd;w
tof;nfhd;wpy; rhl;rpaq;fisf; Nfl;L xUtH
Fw;wthspah my;yJ epuguhjpah vd;gijj;
jPHkhdpf;Fk; rhjhuz mT];jpNuypa Mz;fs;
kw;Wk; ngz;fisf; nfhz;l 'ePjpaitNa [_up
vd;wiof;fg;gLk;.
thf;fhsH Vl;by; gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ve;jnthU
mT];jpNuypaUk; [_up xd;wpy; gzpahw;w
miof;fg;glyhk;.
ePjpkd;w Kiwfs; xspTkiwtw;wJk;>
ghugl;rkw;wJkhFk; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;j [_up
Kiw cjTfpwJ.
rpwg;Gupikfs;
mT];jpNuypa mur NritfspYk;
my;yJ mT];jpNuypa ghJfhg;Gg;
gilfspYk; Ntiyf;F
tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;
ePq;fs; xU mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahf ,Ue;jhy;>
mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpw;fhf mT];jpNuypa
murhq;f Nritapy;> cjhuzkhf> mT];jpNuypag;
ghJfhg;Gg; gilfs;> nrd;l;lHypq;f; (Centrelink)>
nkbnfaH (Medicare)> mT];jpNuypa tupt#ypg;G
mYtyfk; (Australian Taxation Office) Nghd;w
Nritfspy; Nru tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.
mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfs; mT];jpNuypag; ghJfhg;Gg;
gilfspy; (,uhZtk;> flw;gil> tpkhdg; gil)
Nru tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.
ghuhSkd;wj; NjHjypy; Nghl;baplyhk;
18 taJ my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l mT];jpNuypag;
gpuirfs; $l;luR> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjp
kl;lj;jpy; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduha;j; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl
Nghl;baplyhk;. mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;w
Nritnad;gJ xU nfsutkhFk;> mNjNtis ,J
xU mjp Kf;fpakhd nghWg;GkhFk;.
mT];jpNuypa flTr;rl P L
; xd;wpwF;
tpzz
; g;gpff
; yhk;> mijg; gad;gLj;jp
mT];jpNuypahtpwF ; s; kPzL; k; tuyhk;
mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahd gpwF mT];jpNuypahtpy;
Rje;jpukhf thOk; cupikia ePq;fs; ngWfpwPHfs;.
mT];jpNuypaf; flTr;rl P L
; xd;wpwf
; hf tpzz ; g;gpfF
; k;
cupikia ePqf ; s; ngWfpwHP fs;. mT];jpNuypag;
gpuir vDk; Kiwapy>; Rje;jpukha; ntspehLfSf;Fr;
nrd;W kPzL
; k; mT];jpNuypahtpwF ; ePqf
; s; tuyhk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpwF; j; jpUk;gp tu tprh vLf;f
Ntz;ba Njit cq;fSf;fpyi ; y.
fly;fle;j ehLfspy; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ
mq;Fs;s mT];jpNuypa Jhjuf
mjpfhupfspd; cjtpia ehlyhk;
mT];jpNuypaj; J}jufk;> cahp];jhdpfH my;yJ
fd;];A+yH mYtyfk; gyehLfspy; cs;sd.
may;ehLfspy; ,Uf;Fk;nghOJ Njitg;gLk;
Ntisfspy; mjpfhup xUtupd; cjtpia ePq;fs;
ehlyhk;.
gFjp 2 mT];jpNuypahtpdJ [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;> cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs;
cs;ehl;Lf; fytuk;> ,aw;if mopTfs; Nghd;w
neUf;fb epiyikfs; ,jpy; cs;slq;Fk;. tpgj;J>
jPtpukha; NehAw;w epiy my;yJ kuzk; Nghd;w
epfo;Tfspy; neUf;fbNeuf; flTr;rPl;il toq;fp>
mwpTiu MjuitAk; mjpfhupfshy; toq;f ,aYk;.
NtnwhU ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ> me;ehl;bd;
rl;lq;fSf;F ePq;fs; fPo;g;glNtz;Lk;.
ntspehLfspy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfis
tk;rhtsp mT];jpNuypag;
gpuirfsha;g; gjpT nra;ayhk;
mT];jpNuypag; gpuiraha; ,Ug;NghUf;F mtHfs;
ntspehLfspy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Foe;ijfs;
gpwf;fyhk;. ,g;gbg; gpwe;j jkJ Foe;ijfis
mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfshf ,tHfs; gjpayhk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; gpwe;j Foe;ijfSf;Fupa
mNj gpurhTupikf; flikfSk; cupikfSk;
,f;Foe;ijfSf;Fk; cz;L.
mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpy;
gq;Nfw;wy;
midj;J gpuirfisAk; mT];jpNuypa
r%fj;jpdUld; ,ize;J thOkhW mT];jpNuypah
Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ. mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpy; gq;Nfw;Fk;
gpuirfs; mT];jpNuypa ehl;bw;Fg; gy topfspy;
gq;fspg;G nra;fpd;wdH. maytH kw;Wk; cs;SH
r%f mikg;Gf;fspy; ePq;fs; Nruyhk;. r%f
Nritahw;wTk; ePq;fs; RatpUg;Gj; njhz;luhf
Kd;tuyhk;. fiy my;yJ fyhrhu mikg;G xd;wpy;
ePq;fs; ,izayhk;. murpay; tho;tpYk; ePq;fs;
jPtpukha;g; gq;Nfw;fyhk;.
tupfisr; nrYj;Jtnjd;gJ mT];jpNuypa
r%fj;jpdUf;F ePq;fs; Neubg; gq;fspg;ghw;Wk;
,d;ndhU Kf;fpa topahFk;. Ntiy %ykhfNth>
tHj;jfk; my;yJ KjyPLfs; %ykhfNth ePq;fs;
<l;Lk; gzj;jpypUe;J tup nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ.
mT];jpNuypaHfs; mDgtpf;Fk; gy trjpfs;
tupg; gzj;jpd; %ykhfNt rhj;jpakhfpd;wd.
tupg;gzk; nrytopf;fg;gLk; Nritfspy; cly;eyk;>
fy;tp> ghJfhg;G> rhiyfs;;> ,uapy; ghijfs;
kw;Wk; r%fg; ghJfhg;G Nghd;wit cs;slq;Fk;.
Kf;fpakhd ,r;Nritfis mT];jpNuypa
r%fj;jpdUf;F murhq;fk; mspg;gjw;F Ntiy
nra;J tup nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; cq;fshy; cjt
,aYk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l Nritfspd; fhuzkhfNt>
mikjpahd> nropg;ghd xU r%fkhf ,d;iwa
mT];jpNuypah jpfo;fpwJ. khepy kw;Wk;
vy;iyg;gFjp muRfSk; cs;SH muRfSk;
NritfSf;nfd tup t#ypf;fpd;wd.
tup nrYj;jNtz;Lk; vd;gJ rl;lkhFk;.
mT];jpNuypa tupt#ypg;G mYtyfj;jpdhy;
(ATO) tHj;jfq;fs; kw;Wk; jdpegHfsplkpUe;J
tup t#ypf;fg;gLfpwJ. tup rk;ge;jg;gl;l jkJ
flikfisAk; cupikfisAk; rfy Fbkf;fSk;
ed;F mwpe;J> rupahd tupiar; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjpy; ATO ftdkhapUf;fpwJ.
21
 gFjp 3
mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd;
rl;lq;fSk;
*flTs; kPJ cWjpahf> ,f;fzj;jpypUe;J ,dp tUk; fhynky;yhk;

M];jpNuypahtpwF
; k;> mjd; kf;fSf;Fk;

mtHfspd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffisg; gfpHe;J nfhs;tjhfTk;

mtHfspd; cupikfisAk;> Rje;jpuj;ijAk; kjpj;njhOFtjhfTk;

mtHfspd; rl;lq;fis kjpj;Jg; gpd;gw;WtjhfTk; tpRthrg; gpukhzk; mspf;fpd;Nwd;.

*flTs; kPJ (under God) vd;w thHj;ijfisg; gad;gLj;jyhkh my;yJ Ntz;lhkh vd;gJ xUtuJ nrhe;j tpUg;gkhFk;..

22 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G

mT];jpNuypahtpd; muRk; rl;lKk;
mT];jpNuypa murpd; rl;lq;fisg; gpd;gw;wp mtw;wpw;Ff; fPo;g;gbtjha; gpurhcupikr; rlq;fpd;NghJ ePq;fs;
cWjpg;gpukhzk; vLg;gPHfs;. mT];jpNuypa murpd; mikg;G KiwiaAk;> ekJ ghuhSkd;w [dehafj;jpy;
rl;lq;fs; vt;thW ,aw;wg;gl;L nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd vd;gijAk; ePq;fs; mwpe;Jnfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;.
,e;ehl;bd; gpuir vDk; Kiwapy;> ehL Ml;rp nra;ag;gLk; tpjj;jpy; cq;fsJ fUj;jpw;Fk; ,lk; cz;L
vd;gij ePq;fs; njupe;J nfhs;sNtz;baJk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

vdJ fUj;jpid ehd; mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfSk; jk; fUj;jpidj;

ntspg;gLj;Jk; tpjk; vd;d?
thf;fspg;G
mT];jpNuypahtpy;> 18 my;yJ mjw;F
Nkw;gl;l taJilNahH $l;luRj; NjHjy;fspy;
thf;fspg;gjw;nfd thf;fhsH gl;baypy; jk;
ngaiug; gjpT nra;aNtz;baJ fl;lhakhdjhFk;.
ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; cq;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;JtJ
ahH vd;gJ Fwpj;j cq;fsJ fUj;ij cq;fsJ
thf;fpd; %ykhf ePq;fs; njuptpg;gPHfs;.
rupahd Kiwapy; cq;fsJ ngaH gjpT
nra;ag;gl;bUf;fhtpl;lhy; cq;fshy; NjHjypy;
thf;fspf;f ,ayhJ.
thf;fhsH gl;baypy; cq;fsJ ngaH xU Kiw
gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lhy;> mT];jpNuypaf; $l;luRj;
NjHjy;fspYk;> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpj;
NjHjy;fspYk; thf;fspg;gJ fl;lhakhFk;. NjHjy;
xd;wpy; ePq;fs; thf;fspf;fhtpbd;> mj;Jld;
thf;fspf;fhjjw;Fj; jf;f fhuzKk; ,y;yhtpbd;
mguhjk; xd;iw ePq;fs; nrYj;j Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fshy; tpUk;gg;gLgtHfs;jhd;
NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdH vd;gij cWjpnra;Ak; xU
topNa fl;lha thf;fspg;G KiwahFk;.
mT];jpNuypaj; NjHjy; Mizak; (Australian Electoral
vd;gJ xU nghJey muR KftH
Commission (AEC))
epiyakhFk;. ,J $l;luRj; NjHjy;fisAk;>
fUj;Jf;fzpgG ; fisAk; elhj;JtNjhL nghJey
muR thf;fhsH gl;baiyAk; guhkupff ; pwJ.
thf;fhsHfSf;F epahakhdJk;> NeHikahdJkhd
NjHjy;fis toq;f AEC cjTfpwJ. AEC muR
rhuhj jdpgg; l;l Rje;jpu mikg;ghFk;. AEC apd;
jPHkhdq;fspd; kPJ murpay; fl;rpfNsh my;yJ
Ml;rpapy; cs;stHfNsh nry;thf;F nrYj;j
,ayhJ. thf;fspgG ; KiwahdJ ,ufrpakhdJ>
vdNt vt;Ntl;ghsUf;Fk; Rje;jpukhfTk;>
ghJfhg;ghfTk; ePqf ; s; thf;fspff ; yhk;. ePqf
; s;
ahUf;F thf;fspff ; pwHP fs; vd;gij ahUk; ghHf;f
,ayhJ. ahUf;F thf;fspff ; pwHP fs; vd;gij ePqf ; s;
kw;wtUf;Fr; nrhy;yyhk;> Mdhy; ,ijr; nrhy;Yk;gb
cq;fis ahUk; fl;lhag;gLj;j ,ayhJ.
cq;fsJ gpujpepjpfsplk;
gpur;rpidfis vOg;GtJ
NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gpujpepjpfsplk; cq;fSf;F
fuprid cs;s gpur;rpidfis vOg;Gk; cupik
mT];jpNuypahtpy; cq;fSf;F cz;L. Gjpa
rl;lq;fisNah my;yJ elg;gpYs;s rl;lq;fis
khw;WtijNah ghuhSkd;wk; fUj;jpy;
nfhs;Sk;NghJ cq;fsJ fUj;JfSk; ftdj;jpy;
vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;glyhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F> FbtuT
tpjpKiwfis Nkk;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;j Nahrid
vijAk; ePq;fs; njuptpf;f tpUk;gpdhy;> cq;fsJ
cs;SH ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdUld; mJgw;wpf;
fye;Jiuahl ePq;fs; re;jpg;G Neuj;ij Vw;ghL
nra;ayhk;. cq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fis tpsf;fp fbjk;
xd;iwAk; ePq;fs; vOjyhk;.
,t;tpjj;jpy;> murhq;fj;jpd; rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk;
nfhs;if Kiwfs; ,aw;wg;gLk; tpjj;jpy; rhjhuz
njuptpf;fyhk;.
ekJ ehlhSk; Kiw
epWtg;gl;lJ vg;gb?
$l;luR
1901-f;Fk; Kd;ghf> Rahl;rp Kiwiaf; nfhz;l
MW ntt;NtW gpupl;b\; FbNaw;wq;fisf;
nfhz;ljhf mT];jpNuypah ,Ue;jJ.
jj;jkJ vy;iyf;Fs;shf> xt;nthU FbNaw;wKk;
jdf;Nf cupj;jhd murpay; rhrdj;ijAk;>
ghJfhg;G> FbtuT> jghy;> tzpfk; kw;Wk;
Nghf;Ftuj;J Fwpj;J jdf;Nf cupj;jhd
rl;lq;fisAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
gy fhuzq;fis Kd;dpl;L midj;Jf;
FbNaw;wq;fisAk; xd;wpizj;J mT];jpNuypa
Njrk; xd;iw cUthf;f kf;fs; tpUk;gpdH.
FbNaw;wq;fSf;F ,ilNaahd tzpfk; kw;Wk;
Nghf;Ftuj;J Mfpatw;wpw;F mjpf gzr; nryTk;>
fhyKk; gpbj;jJ. xU vy;iyf;fg;ghy; rl;lq;fis
eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ fbdkhdjha; ,Ue;jJ.
jdpj;jdpf; FbNaw;wq;fspd; ghJfhg;G KiwfspYk;
gytPdq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. mjp Kf;fpakhf>
mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa milahsk; xd;W
cUntLf;f Muk;gpj;Jtpl;bUe;jJ. rHtNjr mstpy;
mT];jpNuypa tpisahl;L mzpfs; gq;Fnfhs;sj;
Jtq;fpd. gpugykhd ghly;fs;> ftpijfs;>
fijfs; kw;Wk; fiyfspy; jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;j
mT];jpNuypaf; fyhrhuk; xd;W tbntLf;fj;
Jtq;fpapUe;jJ.
Njrj;ij xd;WgLj;JtJ fbdkhd gzpahf
,Ue;j NghjpYk;> rw;W fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF xNu
mT];jpNuypa Njrk; vDk; vz;zk; edthfpaJ.
Gul;rp kw;Wk; ,uj;jg;ngUf;F %ykhf my;yhky;
Ngr;RthHj;ij kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G %ykhf
jkJ Njrk; cUthdJ Fwpj;J mT];jpNuypaHfs;
ngUkpjk; nfhs;fpd;wdH.
1901-Mk;Mz;L [dtup 1 ,y; mT];jpNuypag;
nghJey muR (The Commonwealth of Australia) vd
miof;fg;gLk; $l;luR ehlhf ,f;FbNaw;wq;fs;
xd;WgLj;jg;gl;ld.

gFjp 3 mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd; rl;lq;fSk; 23

 mT];jpNuypahtpd; murpay; rhrdk;
1900-Mk; Mz;bd; mT];jpNuypag; nghJ ey
murpd; murpay; rhrdk; vd;gJ mT];jpNuypa
murpd; mbg;gil tpjpKiwfisf; Nfhbl;Lf;
fhl;Lk; rl;lG+Htkhd MtzkhFk;. Kd;djhfNt>
mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk; vd;gJ 1900 -
,y; gpuplb
; \; ghuhSkd;w rl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf
epiwNtw;wg;gl;bUe;jJ. 1901-Mk; Mz;L [dtup 1
Mk; Njjp md;W ,e;j murpay; rl;lk; eilKiwf;F
te;j NghJ mT];jpNuypaf; FbNaw;wq;fs; midj;Jk;
,ize;J mT];jpNuypag; nghJey muR vd
miof;fg;gLk; xNu Rje;jpu ehlhf khwpaJ.
gpujpepjpfs; rig> nrdl; Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;l
mT];jpNuypag; nghJey muR ghuhSkd;wj;ij
mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk; ];jhgpjk; nra;jJ.
mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jTk;> ,r;
rl;lq;fsJ mHj;jj;jpid vLj;Jiuf;fTk; mjpfhuk;
gilj;j mT];jpNuypa cr;r ePjpkd;wj;ijAk; ,e;j
murpay; rhrdk; ];jhgpj;jJ.
fUj;Jf;fzpg;G vd miof;fg;gLk; rpwg;G
thf;nfLg;G %yk; kl;LNk mT];jpNuypa murpay;
rhrdj;jpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLj;j ,aYk;.
mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdj;jpy; khw;wk;
Vw;gLj;jNtz;Lnkdpy;> fUj;Jf;fzpg;gpy;
,ul;ilg; ngUk;ghd;ik MjuT ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
ngUk;ghd;ik khepyq;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ik
thf;fhsHfSk;> KO Njrj;jpYk; ngUk;ghd;ik
thf;fhsHfSk; khw;wj;jpw;F Mjuthf thf;fspf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs;.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; murpay; rhrdk;
24 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G
murhq;fj;jpd;
mjpfhuk; vt;thW
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ?
murpay; rhrdkhdJ murhq;fj;jpd; %d;W
mq;fq;;fspilNa mjpfhuj;jpidg; gfpHe;jspf;fpwJ.
mT];jpNuypahit MSk; mjpfhuj;ij
xU egNuh my;yJ xU FOitr; rhHe;j
egHfNsh ifg;gw;Wtijj; jLg;gjw;Nf ,k;Kiw
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
rl;l ,aw;wYf;fhd mjpfhuk;
rl;lk; ,aw;Wtjw;fhd kw;Wk; khw;Wtjw;fhd
mjpfhuk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ifapy; cs;sJ.
mT];jpNuypa kf;fshy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLk;
gpujpepjpfs; ghuhSkd;wj;ij mikf;Fk;
mq;fj;jpduhtH.
rl;l eilKiwg;gLj;jYf;fhd mjpfhuk;
rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtjw;fhd
mjpfhuk;> epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk;
(Executive Power) vdg;gLfpwJ. murhq;f
mikr;rHfs; kw;Wk; ftHdH-n[duy; MfpNahH
vf;]pf;A+bt; (Executive) - ,y; cs;slq;FtH. Xd;W
my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jpizf;fsq;fSf;F
xt;nthU mikr;rUk; nghWg;ghapUg;ghH.
ePjpkd;w mjpfhuk;
rl;lq;fspd; mHj;jj;jpid vLj;Jiuj;J
rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk;
ePjpgjpfsplk; cs;sJ. ghuhSkd;wk;> murhq;fk;
Mfpatw;wpw;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;L> ePjpgjpfs;
Rje;jpukhfj; jdpj;jpaq;FtH.
,e;j mjpfhuq;fs; midj;Jk; murpay; rhrdj;jpy;
vOjg;gl;Ls;sd.
mT];jpNuypa ehl;bd;
jiytH ahH?
mT];jpNuypa ehl;bd; jiytH> mT];jpNuypa
murpahd caHkpF ,uz;lhk; vyp]ngj; murpahthH.
mT];jpNuypahtpy>; murhq;fj;jpd; md;whlg; gzpfspy;
murpahUf;F gq;F fpilahJ. mT];jpNuypag;
gpujkupd; mwpTiuapdg ; b> murpahH jdJ gpujpepjpahf
ftHdH-n[duiy (Governor-General) epakpgg; hH. ftHdH-
n[duy; midj;J murpay; fl;rpfspypUe;Jk;
jdpgg; l;L Rje;jpukha;r; nraw;gLthH.
xt;nthU khepyj;jpYk; ftHdH-n[duiyg; Nghy;
nrayhw;Wk; MSeH (Governor) xUtiu jdJ
gpujpepjpahf murpahH epakdk; nra;thH.
murpay; rhrdg;gbahd Kbahl;rp
mT];jpNuypah murpay; rhrdg;gbahd xU
Kbahl;rpahFk;. murpay; rhrdg;gbahd
Kbahl;rpapy; murNuh my;yJ murpahNuh
murpay; rhrdj;ijg; gpd;gw;wpnahOFk; ehl;bd;
jiyikajpfhupahf ,Ug;ghH.
gy E}w;whz;Lfsha; tsHr;rpaile;J
te;Js;s gpuplb
; \; Kiwapd; mbg;gilapyj
; hd;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; ghuhSkd;w [dehaf KiwahdJ
epWtg;gl;lJ. mT];jpNuypa Kiwapy>; mT];jpNuypa
murhq;fj;jpd; jiytH gpujkuhthH.
ftHdH-n[duypd; gzp
ftHdH-n[duy;:
mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jhy;
epiwNtw;wg;gl;l midj;J kNrhjhf;fisAk;
ifr;rhj;jpl;L rl;lkhf;FthH ,uhrhq;f
MNkhjpg;G (Royal Assent) vd ,J miof;fg;gLk;)
xOq;F tpjpKiwfspy; ifr;rhj;jpLthH
rk;gpujhar; rlq;Fg; gzpfis epiwNtw;WthH
mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;> mjd; ke;jpupfs;>
$l;luR ePjpgjpfs; kw;Wk; ,ju mjpfhupfs;
MfpNahuJ epakdj;jpw;F MNkhjpg;G
toq;FthH.
1927-Mk; Mz;L jpwf;fg;gl;l fd;guhtpd; gioa ghuhSkd;wf;
Fwpg;gpl;l #o;epiyfspy; kl;LNk fl;blk;
gad;gLj;jg;glf;$ba ,Ug;G mjpfhuq;fisAk;
(reserve powers) ftHdH-n[duy; nfhz;bUg;ghH. mT];jpNuypa ehL
Msg;gLk; Kiw
mT];jpNuypaj; mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;
mT];jpNuypa murhq;fkhdJ $l;luR my;yJ
jiytHfspy; rpyH? nghJey muR vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
ehl;bd; jiytH
mT];jpNuypa murpahH mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wk; ,U rigfisf;
nfhz;ljhFk;:
ftHdH-n[duy; gpujpepjpfs; rig
mT];jpNuypa ehl;Lj; jiyikajpfhupapd; gpujpepjp
nrdl;.
MSeH ,e;j ,uz;L rigfSf;Fkhd cWg;gpdHfs;
Xt;nthU mT];jpNuypa khepyj;jpYk; cs;s $l;luRj; NjHjy;fspy; mT];jpNuypa kf;fshy;
ehl;Lj; jiyikajpfhupapd; gpujpepjp Neubahfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH. $l;luRj;
NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspf;Fk;NghJ nghJthf xt;nthU
gpujkH
mT];jpNuypa murpd; jiytH rigf;Fkhd gpujpepjpfis ePqf
; s; NjHe;njLg;gHP fs;.

Kjy;tH
khepy murpd; jiytH

Kjy; mikr;rH
vy;iyg;gFjp murpd; jiytH

murhq;f mikr;rH
murpd; xU gFjpf;Fg; nghWg;gha; ,Ug;gjw;nfd
murhq;fj; jiytuhy; njupTnra;ag;gl;l
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH (MP)

mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;fhf mT];jpNuypa
kf;fshy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l gpujpepjp
1988 Mk; Mz;L fd;guhtpy; Gjpa ghuhSkd;wf; fl;blk;
nrdl;lH jpwf;fg;gl;lJ
mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;nfdj;
NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l xU khepy my;yJ
vyiyg;gFjpapd; gpujpepjp

efugpjh my;yJ \aH jiytH

cs;SH efuitapd; jiytH

fTd;rpyH
cs;SH efuitf;nfd NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdH

gFjp 3 mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd; rl;lq;fSk; 25

 gpujpepjpfs; rig
rpy Ntisfspy; gpujpepjpfs; rigahdJ fPo; rig
my;yJ kf;fs; rig vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
mT];jpNuypahthdJ $l;luRj; njhFjpfshfg;
gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; jk;ikg;
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf xt;nthU
njhFjp mT];jpNuypa kf;fSk; xU egiu
mj;njhFjpapypUe;J NjHe;njLg;gH. ,g;gpujpepjp
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH (MP) vd miof;fg;gLthH.
xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk;> vy;iyg;gFjpf;Fk;
cupj;jhd ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduJ vz;zpf;if
me;j khepyk; my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpapd; kf;fs;
njhifiag; nghWj;J mikAk;. mT];jpNuypa
kf;fs; nkhj;jk; 150 cWg;gpdHfis gpujpepjpfs;
rigf;Fj;; njupT nra;tH.
Gjpa rl;lq;fSf;fhd my;yJ rl;l khw;wy;fSf;fhd gpujpepjpfs; rig
Kd;nkhopTfisf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;tJk;>
mtw;iwg;gw;wp tpthjpgg ; Jk;> ,e;j Kd;nkhopTfs; kPJ
thf;fspgg ; Jk; gpujpepjpfs; rigapd; Kf;fpa gzpahFk;.
Njrpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;ej ; tplaq;fs; FwpjJ
; k;
gpujpepjpfs; rigapd; mq;fj;jpdHfs; fye;JiuahLtH.

nrdl;
nrdl; rigia Nky; rig> kPsha;T rig my;yJ
khepy rig vdTk; rpy Ntisfspy; miog;gH.
khepyq;fspd; kf;fs;njhif vJthapUg;gpDk;>
nrdl; rigapy; xt;nthU khepyj;jpd; rhHghfTk;
rkkhd vz;zpf;ifAs;s cWg;gpdHfs; ,Ug;gH.
Xt;nthU khepyj;jpypUe;Jk; 12 gpujpepjpfs;
NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH. ngUepyg;gFjpapYs;s ,U
vy;iyg;gFjpfs; xt;nthd;wpypUe;Jk; ,uz;L
gpujpepjpfs; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH. nkhj;jj;jpy;> 76
gpujpepjpfs; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH> ,tHfs;
nrdl;lHfs; vd miof;fg;gLfpwhHfs;.
GJ rl;lq;fs; my;yJ rl;l khw;wq;fis
nrdl;lHfSk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L> tpthjpj;J
,tw;wpd; kPJ thf;nfLg;Gk; elj;JtH. Njrpa
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j tplaq;fs; Fwpj;Jk;
nrdl;
nrdl;lHfs; fye;JiuahLtH.

khepy> vy;iyg;gFjp murhq;fk;

mT];jpNuypahtpy; MW khepyq;fSk;> ,U ngUepy vy;iyg;gFjpfSk; cs;sd. xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk;
mjw;Nf cupj;jhd murpay; rl;lKk;> ghuhSkd;wKk; cz;L. khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFjp murhq;fq;fs;
mtw;wpd; jiyefHfspy; mike;Js;sd.
khepy murpd; jiytH Kjy;tH vd miof;fg;gLthH> vy;iyg;gFjp murpd; jiytH Kjy; ke;jpup vdg;gLthH.
khepy muRfSk; mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;ijg; NghyNt ,aq;Ffpd;wd. xt;nthU khepyj;jpYk;
mT];jpNuypa murpahiur; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; MSeH xUtH ,Ug;ghH. tl vy;iyg;gFjpf;nfd epHthfp
(Administrator) xUtH ftHdH-n[duyhy; epakpf;fg;gLthH. epHthfpapd; gzpAk; nghWg;GfSk; khepy
MSdUf;Fs;s gzp kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfis xj;jpUf;Fk;.
mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpy; cs;sJ NghyNt> jkJ gFjpapypUe;J gpujpepjp xUtiuj; NjHe;njLg;gjw;nfd
mg;gFjp kf;fs; thf;fspgg
; H. ,g;gpujpepjpfs; me;j khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; cWg;gpdHfshtH.

cs;Suhl;rp
khepyq;fSk;> tl vy;iyg;gFjpAk; cs;Suhl;rpg; gFjpfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,it ngUefHfs;> \
aHfs;> efHfs; my;yJ efurigfs; vd miof;fg;glyhk;. xt;nthU gFjpf;Fk; mjw;F nrhe;jkhd
cs;SH efurig cz;L. cs;SH thrpfSf;fhd Nritfisj; jpl;lkpl;L toq;fNtz;baJ efurigfspd;
nghWg;ghFk;. xt;nthU cs;SH muRg; gFjpg; gpuirfSk; jkJ cs;SH efurig cWg;gpdHfisj;
NjHe;njLf;f thf;fspg;gH.

26 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G

murhq;fj;jpd; ,e;j %d;W
kl;lq;fspd; gzp vd;d?
fPo; tUtdtw;wpw;F mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;
nghWg;ghFk;:
tupapWg;G
Njrpa nghUshjhu epHthfk;
FbtuT kw;Wk; gpurhcupik
Ntiy
mQ;ry; Nritfs; kw;Wk; jfty;njhlHG
mikg;GKiwfs;
r%fg; ghJfhg;G
(Xa;T+jpaq;fs; kw;Wk; FLk;g cjtp)
Njrpag; nghUshjhuj;ij epHtfpg;gJ mT];jpNuypa murpd;
ghJfhg;G nghWg;ghFk;
tzpfk;
tpkhdepiyaq;fs; kw;Wk; thd;gazg;
ghJfhg;G
ntspehl;L tptfhuq;fs;
(,ju ehLfSldhd cwTfs;).
khepy> vy;iyg;gFjp muRfs; fPo;tUtdtw;wpw;Fg;
nghWg;ghFk;:
kUj;Jtkidfs;> cly;ey Nritfs;
ghlrhiyfs;
,uapy; ghijfs;
rhiyfs;> rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;Lg;ghL
tdtpay;
fhty;Jiw
nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J. kUj;JtkidfSf;F khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFjp muRfs;
nghWg;ghFk;
fPo;tUk; Nritfs; cs;SH muRfspd; nghWg;ghFk;:
njUf; FwpaPLfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;Lg;ghLfs;
cs;SH rhiyfs;> eilghijfs;> ghyq;fs;
fopTePHf; fhy;tha;fs;
G+q;fhf;fs;> tpisahl;Likjhdq;fs;> ePr;ry;
jlhfq;fs;> tpisahl;L ntspfs;
Kfhkpl;Lj; jq;Fk; gFjpfs; kw;Wk; fwtd;
(caravan) jupg;gplq;fs;
czT kw;wk; ,iwr;rp gupNrhjid
rg;jk; kw;wk; tpyq;Ff; fl;Lg;ghL
Fg;igf;$sk; jpul;ly;
cs;SH E}yfq;fs;> kd;wq;fs;> r%f
ikaq;fs;
Fwpg;gpl;l Foe;ij-ftdpg;G kw;Wk; %j;NjhH- tpisahl;L ikjhdq;fSf;F cs;H muRfs; nghWg;ghFk;
ftdpg;G tplaq;fs;
fl;bl mDkjpfs;
r%fj; jpl;lkply;
cs;SH Rw;Wr;#oy; gpur;rpidfs;.

murpd; ntt;NtW kl;lq;fshy; rpy nghWg;Gfs; gfpHe;J nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. murhq;fj;jpd; ntt;NtW

kl;lq;fspilNa xj;Jiog;ig Cf;Ftpg;gjw;nfd mT];jpNuypa muRf;FO (The Council of Australian Government)
(COAG)) vDk; mikg;G cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gFjp 3 mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd; rl;lq;fSk; 27

 mT];jpNuypah Msg;gLk;
Kiwapy; murpay; fl;rpfsJ
gq;F vd;d?
ehL vg;gb Msg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wp xUkpjj ; gpuirfs; cWg;gpdHfisj; NjHe;njLg;gH.
fUj;Jfisf; nfhz;l kf;fsJ FONt murpay;
fl;rp vd miof;fg;gLk;. jkJ fl;rpapd; fUj;Jf;fis
rl;lq;fshf khw;Wtij Nehf;fkha;f; nfhz;L
,tHfs; xd;W Nru;eJ; gzpahw;WtH. mT];jpNuypa
njhopyhsH fl;rp> mT];jpNuypa ypguy; fl;rp> Njrpa
fl;rp kw;Wk; mT];jpNuypa gRikf; fl;rp Mfpait
mT];jpNuypahtpd; gpujhd murpay; fl;rpfshFk;.
ngUk;ghd;ikahd ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs;
murpay; fl;rpfisr; rhHe;jtHfshtH. rpy
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs; ve;j fl;rpiaAk;
rhuhjtHfs;. ,tHfs; RNal;irahsHfs;
(Independents) vdg;gLtH.
ePq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy;> murpay; fl;rp xd;wpy; NrUk;
cupik cq;fSf;F mT];jpNuypahtpy; cz;L.
mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;
vt;thW mikf;fg;gLfpwJ?
NjHjYf;Fg; gpwF> gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; ngUk;ghd;ik
cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;l fl;rp my;yJ fl;rpfspd;
$l;lzp mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;ij mikf;Fk;.
,f;fl;rpapd; jiytNu mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpd;
jiytuhthH> mjhtJ gpujkuhthH.
gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; ,uz;lhtjhf mjpf
vz;zpf;ifAs;s cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;l fl;rp
my;yJ fl;rpfspd; $l;lzp vjpHf;fl;rp
(the Opposition) vd miof;fg;gLk;. ,jd; jiytH
vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytH vd miof;fg;gLthH.
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs; my;yJ
nrdl;lHfspypUe;J ke;jpupfis gpujkH
NjHe;njLg;ghH. Ntiytha;g;G> G+HtPff;FbapdH
tptfhuq;fs; my;yJ fUT+yk; Nghd;w murpd;
Kf;fpakhd gFjpfSf;F (,it ,yhfhf;fs;
my;yJ Jiwfs; vd miof;fg;gLk;) ke;jpupfs;
nghWg;Ngw;gH. mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpd;
Kf;fpakhd jPHkhdk; vLf;Fk; mikg;ghfpa
mikr;ruitapy; (Cabinet) mjpKf;fpa ,yhfhf;fsJ
ke;jpupfs; mq;fk; tfpg;gh;.
mT];jpNuypa cr;r ePjpkd;wk;
28 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G
rl;lq;fs; vt;thW
,aw;wg;gLfpd;wd?;
mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; jk;ikr;
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjw;nfd mT];jpNuypag;
Njr eyid Kd;dpl;L mT];jpNuypag;
ghuhSkd;wk; rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wk; kw;Wk;
rl;lq;fspy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk;.
mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH
xUtH Gjpa rl;lk; my;yJ rl;l khw;wj;jpid
Kd;nkhopthH. ,e;j Kd;nkhopT kNrhjh vd
miof;fg;gLk;.
,k;kNrhjhtpy; jkf;F rk;kjkh vd;gij
gpujpepjpfs; rigAk;> nrdl;Lk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L>
,ij tpthjpj;J ,jd; kPJ thf;nfLg;G elj;Jk;.
ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; xt;nthU rigapYk; cs;s
ngUk;ghd;ik cWg;gpdHfs; ,k;kNrhjhit
Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhy;> kNrhjh ftHdH-n[duypd;
ghHitf;Fr; nry;Yk;.
kNrhjhtpy; ftHdH-n[duy; ifr;rhj;jpLk;NghJ>
mJ rl;lkhFk;. ,J ,uhrhq;f MNkhjpg;G
(Royal Assent) vd;wiof;fg;gLk;.
,Nj Nghd;w Kiwapy; khepy> vy;iyg;gFjp
muRfs; jkJ rl;lq;fis epiwNtw;Wk;.
rl;lq;fs; vg;gb
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd?
ePjpkd;wq;fs;
rl;lj;jpd; mHj;jq;fis vLj;Jiug;gJk;> mtw;iw
eilKiwg;gLj;JtJk; mT];jpNuypahtpYs;s
ePjpkd;wq;fspd; nghWg;ghFk;. ,it murhq;fj;ijr;
rhuhky; Rje;jpukhfj; jdpj;jpaq;Fk;. rl;lj;ij
xUtH kPwpapUf;fpwhuh ,y;iyah vd;gijAk;>
mjw;fhd jz;lidiaAk; ePjpkd;wk; jPHg;G nra;Ak;.
ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jk; rhHghf thjpl rl;ljuzp xUtiu
itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; cupik xt;nthUtUf;Fk;
cz;L. jk; Kd;ghf itf;fg;gl;l rhl;rpaq;fis
mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;Nl ePjpkd;wq;fshy;
jPHg;gspf;f ,aYk;.
ePjpgjpfs; kw;Wk; Fw;wtpay; eLtHfs;
ePjpgjp my;yJ Fw;wtpay; eLtNu ePjpkd;wj;jpy; caH
mjpfhuk; gilj;jtuhthH. ePjpgjpfSk; Fw;wtpay;
eLtHfSk; Rje;jpukhfj; jdpjj ; paq;FgtHfshtH
mj;Jld; vd;d jPHg;G vLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W ahUk;
,tHfSf;Fr; nrhy;y ,ayhJ.
ePjpgjpfSk;> Fw;wtpay; eLtHfSk; murpdhy;
epakpf;fg;gLtH> Mdhy; ,tHfsJ jPHg;gpy;
murhq;fj;Jf;Fr; rk;kjk; ,y;iynad;why; ,tHfsJ
gjtpfis murhq;fj;jhy; gwpf;f ,ayhJ.
[_upfs;
rl;lj;ij xUtH kPwpapUf;fpwhuh vd;gijj; jPHkhdpff
;
rpy jUzq;fspy; [_up xd;iw ePjpkd;wk; gad;gLj;Jk;.
nghJkf;fspilNaapUe;J mq;nfhd;Wk;
,q;nfhd;Wkha;j; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLk; rhjhuz
kf;fisf; nfhz;l FONt [_up vdg;gLk;. rl;lk;
vd;d vd;gij [_upf;F ePjpgjp tpsf;FthH. Fw;w
tof;F xd;wpy;> xUtH Fw;wthsp vd;W [_up KbT
nra;jhy;> jz;lid vd;d vd;W ePjpgjp jPHkhdpg;ghH.
rl;lj;jpd; fPo;> Fw;wthsp vd;W ePjpkd;wk;
jPHkhdpf;Fk; tiuapYk;> mT];jpNuypaHfs; epuguhjp
vd;Nw fUjg;gLtH.
fhty;JiwapdH
r%fj;jpdupilNa mikjpiaAk;> xOq;ifAk;
fhty;Jiw guhkupff ; pwJ. capiuAk;> nrhj;ijAk;
fhg;gJ mtHfsJ gzpahFk;. ,tHfs; murhq;fj;ijr;
rhuhky; jdpjJ ; ,aq;FgtHfshtH. xUtH rl;lj;ij
kPwpapUg;gjhf fhty;JiwapdH epidj;jhy;>
mtHfisf; ifJ nra;J ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; epWj;j
,tHfshy; ,aYk;. fhty;JiwapdH ePjpkd;wj;jpy;
rhl;rpaspff; yhk;> Mdhy; xUtH Fw;wk; Gupej ; tuh
,y;iyah vd;gij ePjpkd;wNk jPHkhdpfF ; k;.
khepyq;fSk;> tl vy;iyg;gFjpAk; jj;jkJ
fhty;Jiwg; gilfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.
khepy> vy;iyg;gFjpr; rl;lq;fspd; fPo; ,tHfs;
Fw;wr;nray;fisf; ifahs;tH.
mT];jpNuypa /ngluy; nghyp]; vdg;gLk; Njrpaf;
fhty;Jiwg; gil xd;Wk; mT];jpNuypahtpy;
cs;sJ. $l;luRr; rl;lq;fSf;F vjpuhd
Fw;wq;fis> cjhuzkhf> Nghijg;nghUs; flj;jy;>
Njrpag; ghJfhg;Gf;F vjpuhd Fw;wr;nray;fs; kw;Wk;
Rw;Wr;#oYf;F vjpuhd Fw;wq;fs; Mfpatw;iw
mT];jpNuypa /ngluy; nghyp]; tprhupf;Fk;.
mT];jpNuypaj; jiyefu vy;iyg;gFjpapy;
nghJthd fhty;Jiwg; gzpfSf;Fk; mT];jpNuypa
/ngluy; nghyp]; nghWg;ghFk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; fhty;JiwapdUk; nghJkf;fSk;
RKfkhd ey;YwT nfhz;Ls;sdH. Fw;wr;nray;fs;
Fwpj;J cs;SH fhty;JiwapdUf;Fg; GfhH nra;J
mtHfsJ cjtpia ePq;fs; ehlyhk;.
mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fis ePq;fs; mwpe;jpUg;gJ
Kf;fpakhFk;> Vnddpy;> rl;lk; vd;dntd;W
njupatpy;iy vd;w fhuzj;jpw;fhf rl;lj;ij kPw
,ayhJ.
Nghyp]; mjpfhup xUtUf;F yQ;rk; nfhLg;gJ
ngUk; Fw;wkhFk;. Nghyp]; mjpfhup xUtUf;F
yQ;rk; nfhLf;f KidtJ $l Fw;wkhFk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy;
Fw;wr;nray;fsha;f; fUjg;gLgit
nfhiy> jhf;Fjy;> ghypay; jhf;Fjy;> kf;fs;
kPNjh> nrhj;Jf;fspd; kPNjh nrYj;jg;gLk; td;Kiw>
MAjk; jhq;fpg; Gupag;gLk; nfhs;is my;yJ
fsT> Foe;ijfs; my;yJ rl;lg;gbahd ,zf;f
taJf;Fk; fPo;g;gl;l ,isa tajpdUld; ghypay;
cwT nfhs;sy;> Nkhl;lhH thfdk; xd;iw Mgj;J
tpistpf;Fk; tifapy; Xl;Ljy;> rl;lj;Jf;Fg;
Gwk;ghd Nghij t];Jf;fis itj;jpUj;jy;
my;yJ gad;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Nkhrb Ntiyfs;
Nghd;wit ngUk; Fw;wr;nray;fspy; rpythFk;.
gpw ehLfspy; cs;sJ NghyNt> kw;nwUtH kPJ
nrYj;jg;gLk; td;Kiw> mT];jpNuypahtpYk;
rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghdJk; xU ngUq;Fw;wKkhFk;.
,;y;yj;jpYk;> kz cwTf;Fs;Sk; ,lk;ngWk;
FLk;g td;Kiw vdg;gLk; td;Kiwia ,J
cs;slf;Fk;. cly;rhHe;j> ghypay;rhHe;j my;yJ
csk;rhHe;j J\;gpuNahfk; my;yJ jPr;nray;>
fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;l ghYwTfs;> jdpikg;gLj;jg;gly;
my;yJ nghUshjhug; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLj;jy;
Mfpad FLk;g td;Kiwapy; mlq;Fk;.
fj;jpfs; my;yJ Jg;ghf;fpfs; Nghd;w
MAjq;fis vLj;Jr;nry;tJ mT];jpNuypahtpy;
rl;ltpNuhjkhFk;. Jg;ghf;fpia itj;jpUf;f tpUk;Gk;
vtUk;> cjhuzkhf> tptrhag; gz;izapy;
gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> fhty;JiwapduplkpUe;J
Jg;ghf;fp itj;jpUg;gjw;fhd mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;ijf;
fl;lhak; ngw;whf Ntz;Lk;.
Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; Fw;wq;fs;
rhiy kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J tpjpfs; khepy kw;Wk;
vy;iyg;gFjp muRfshy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
Nghf;Ftuj;J rl;lq;fis kPWNthUf;F ngUk;
njhifapy; mguhjq;fs; tpjpf;fg;glyhk;>
my;yJ ,tHfs; rpiwf;Fk; mDg;gg;glyhk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; Nkhl;lhH fhH xd;iw
Xl;Ltjw;F mjw;fhd cs;SH Xl;LeH
mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; xd;iw ePq;fs; itj;jpUf;f
Ntz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;> kw;Wk; Nkhl;lhH fhH
fl;lhakhfg; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ljha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
fhupy; gazpf;Fk; xt;nthUtUk; ,Uf;ifthH
xd;iw mzpaNtz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;.
Foe;ijfs; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l Foe;ijfSf;fhd
fhH ,Uf;ifapy; mkHj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. kJ
mUe;jpa gpwF my;yJ NghijkUe;J cl;nfhz;l
gpwF fhiu Xl;Ljy;> msTf;fjpfkhd Ntfj;jpy;
nry;Yjy; vd;gd rk;ge;jg;gl;l Nghf;Ftuj;J
rl;lq;fs; fLikahdit. ifalf;fj;
njhiyNgrpapy; Ngrpf;nfhz;L thfdj;ijr;
nrYj;JtJk; rl;l tpNuhjkhFk;.
Kbtpy;
mikjpAk;> ];jpuKk; nfhz;lnjhU rKjhaj;ij
ekJ [dehaf mikg;GKiwfs; cUthf;fpAs;sd.
gfpHe;Jnfhs;tjw;nfd ek;kplk; jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;j>
nropg;ghd fyhrhuk; xd;Wz;L. XH mT];jpNuypag;
gpuir vDk; Kiwapy;> ekJ Njrj;jpd; fijapy;
ePq;fs; xU mq;fkhfp> ekJ vjpHfhyj;jpw;Fg;
gq;fspg;ghw;WtPHfs;. mT];jpNuypah cq;fis
tuNtw;fpwJ. FbAupik vkJ nghJg; gpizg;ghFk;.
gpurhcupikg; guPl;irf;F Maj;jkhFk; tifapy;>
34 kw;Wk; 35-Mk; gf;fq;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;s gapw;rpg;
guPl;ir tpdhf;fisr; nra;Aq;fs;.
gFjp 3 mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd; rl;lq;fSk; 29
 guPlr ; g;glf; $Lkhd gFjpf;fhd nrhy; ml;ltiz
; pff
mT];jpNuypa murhq;f Nrit
murhq;fj; jpizf;fsq;fSk; mtw;why; Ntiyf;F mkHj;jg;gLNthUk;
mT];jpNuypa murpd; nghJr; Nritapy; nrd;l;lHypq;f; mjpfhupahf NghYf;F Ntiy fpilj;Js;sJ.

cs;ehl;Lf; fytuk;
nghJthf murhq;fj;jpd; KbTfs; my;yJ nfhs;iffs; Mfpatw;iw vjpHj;J ngUk; kf;fs; jpus;fshy;
elj;jg;gLk; MHg;ghl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; fytuq;fs;
kf;fs; tpUk;ghj rl;lq;fis murhq;fk; epiwNtw;wpaNghJ cs;ehl;Lf; fytuk; Vw;gl;lJ.

$l;lzp
nghJthf murhq;fj;ij my;yJ vjpHf;fl;rpia mikg;gjw;nfd ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l murpay;
fl;rpfs; xd;wha;r; NrHtJ
NjHjYf;Fg; gpwF> gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; ve;jf; fl;rpf;Fk; ngUk;ghd;ikg; gyk; fpilf;ftpy;iy> vdNt
xUkpj;j fUj;Jf;fisAila ,U fl;rpfs; $l;lzp mikg;gjw;fhf xd;W NrHe;jd.

Mizak;
mjpfhuG+Htkhd nghWg;igf; nfhz;NlhuJ FO
Rje;jpukha;j; jdpj;jpaq;Fk; Mizak; xd;W NjHjy;fis Vw;ghL nra;fpwJ.

murpay; rl;lg;gbahd KbauR

murpay; rhrdj;jpdhy; mjpfhuk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk; murH my;yJ murpahiu ehl;bd; jiyik mjpfhupahff;
nfhz;l ehL
If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murH my;yJ murpahiuj; Njrj; jiytuhff; nfhz;l murpay; rhrd Kbaurhf
mT];jpNuypa nghJey murpid ekJ murpay; rhrdk; ];jhgpjk; nra;jJ.

ePjpkd;wk;
ePjpgjp my;yJ Fw;wtpay; eLtH xUtuhy; rl;l rk;ge;jg;gl;l tof;Ffs; Nfl;fg;gLk; ,lk;
rl;lj;ij kf;fs; kPWk;NghJ> mtHfs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Fr; nry;y Neuplyhk;.

Fw;w tprhuiz
xUtH Fw;wthspah my;yJ epuguhjpah vd;gijj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; nghUl;L Rkj;jg;gl;l Fw;wk; Fwpj;j
cz;ikfis ePjpkd;wj;jpy; Nfl;ly;
Fw;wtof;F tprhuizf;Fg; gpwF> tq;fpj; jpUld; rpiwf;F mDg;gg;gl;lhd;.

[dehafk;
NjH;njLf;fg;gl;l gpujpepjpfs; %yk; kf;fshy; elj;jg;gLk; muR
jhd; tpUk;Gk; xUtiug; ghuhSkd;wg; gpujpepjpahfj; NjHe;njLf;f jhd; thf;fspf;f tif nra;Ak; [dehaf
ehl;by; trpg;gJ Fwpj;J fpNu]; kfpo;r;rpailfpwhs;.

Nghijt];J flj;jy;
rl;ltpNuhj tpw;gidf;nfd Nghijt];Jf;fis vLj;Jr; nry;Yjy; my;yJ thq;Fjy;
Nghijt];J flj;jYf;fhf n[]; rpiwf;F mDg;gg;gl;lhs;.

nghUshjhuf; f\;lk; tpistpj;jy;

Mz;-ngz; cwtpy; tho;e;JtUk; ,Utupy; xUtH kw;wtH iff;Fg; gzk;; tUtij my;yJ ifahs;tijj;
jLf;Fk; FLk;g td;Kiwapd; tif
fztd; jdf;Fg; gzNkJk; juhjjhy; ypd; nghUshjhuf; f\;lj;jpw;Fw;gLj;jg;gl;lhs;.

NjHjy;
ghuhSk;d;wj;jpy; jk;ikg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j kf;fs; xUtiuj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; epfo;r;rp
18 tajhd my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfs; NjHjypy; fl;lhak; thf;fspf;fNtz;Lk;.

30 Australian Citizenship: Our Common Bond

thf;fhsH gl;bay;
NjHjy; my;yJ fUj;Jf;fzpg;G xd;wpy; thf;fspf;Fk; cupik ngw;Ws;stHfsJ ml;ltiz
thf;Fr;rhtbf;F N[d; te;jNghJ> mts; ngaiu thf;fhsH gl;baypy; mjpfhup NjbdhH.

rl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jy;
kf;fs; rl;lj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtij cWjpnra;jy;
Nghyp];fhuHfs; rl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jp mikjpiaf; fhf;fpd;wdH.

rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;Wk; mjpfhuk;

rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd mjpfhuk;> mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdj;jpd; fPo; mspf;fg;gLk; Kt;tif
mjpfhuq;fspy; xd;W
mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk;
mT];jpNuypa murhq;f ke;jpupfSf;Fk;> ftHdH-n[duYf;Fk; cz;L.

$l;luR
jk; ifapy; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy mjpfhuq;fis itj;Jf;nfhz;L> FbNaw;wq;fs; midj;Jk; xNu Njrkhf
xd;WgLtJ
1901-Mk; Mz;L FbNaw;wq;fs; xd;wpize;J mT];jpNuypag; nghJey muR vDk; $l;lurhf khwpaJ.

Kjyhk; fg;gy; njhFjp

epA+ ]Tj; Nty;];-,y; jz;lidf;ifjpfsJ FbNaw;wk; xd;iw mikg;gjw;fhf Captain Arthur Phillip
jiyikapy; gpul;ldpypUe;J Gwg;gl;l 11 fg;gy;fspd; njhFjp
1788-Mk; Mz;L [dtup khjk; 26-Mk; Njjp ]pl;dp tisFlhtpy; Kjyhk; fg;gy;njhFjp te;J ,wq;fpaij
mT];jpNuypa jpdj;jd;W ehk; epidT $HfpNwhk;.

kyHr; rpd;dk;
Njrpa kyH
jq;f thl;y; vDk; kyH mT];jpNypahtpd; Njrpa kyuhFk;.

gyte;jj; jdpik
Mz;-ngz; cwtpy; cs;s xUtH ,d;ndhUtH ahiur; re;jpf;fpwhH> ahUld; NgRfpwhH> vd;d thrpf;fpwhH
kw;Wk; vq;F nry;fpwhH vd;gijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; FLk;g td;Kiw tif
FLk;gj;jpdiuNah my;yJ ez;gHfisNah ghHf;f fztd; mDkjp juhjjhy; rhe;jp fl;lhaj; jdpikf;F
Mshdhs;.

,f;fzk; njhlq;fp
,e;j Neuk; njhlq;fp tUq;fhyj;jpYk;
gpurhcupikr; rlq;fpd;NghJ mT];jpNuypa Njrj;jpw;F ,f;fzj;jpypUe;J tpRthrkha; ,Ug;gjhf ePq;fs;
cWjpaspg;gPHfs;.

rpd;dk;
kpfr; gpugykhd xU cUtk;
Xguh `T]; ]pl;dp efupd; Gfo;ngw;w milahsr; rpd;dkhFk;.

G+HtPfthrpfs;
mT];jpNuypa ehl;L kz;zpy; Muk;gk; njhl;L trpf;Fk; G+HtPff; Fbfs;> mNghup[pdpfs; kw;Wk; lhup];
ePHr;re;jpj; jPtfj;jpdHfshtH
mT];jpNuypa kf;fs;njhifapy; 2.5 rjk; G+HtPf thrpfshtH.

A+j-fpUj;jtk;
A+j kw;Wk; fpUj;Jt kjq;fspd;
A+j-fpUj;Jt tpOkpaq;fs; tptpypag; ghlq;fis mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;litahFk;.

Nrhjidg; gFjpf;fhd nrhw;fsQ;rpak; 31

 ePjpj;Jiw mjpfhuk;
rl;lq;fspd; mHj;jj;ij vLj;Jiuj;J> rl;lq;fis n;ray;Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mjpfhuk;> murpay; rhrdj;jpd;
fPo;tUk; %tif mjpfhuq;fspy; xd;W
mT];jpNuypahtpy;> rl;lq;fspd; mHj;jj;ij tpsf;fp> rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk;
ePjpkd;wq;fspd; ifapy; cs;sJ.

rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuk;
rl;lq;fis ,aw;wTk;> rl;lq;fspy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd mjpfhuk;> murpay; rhrdj;jpdhy;
toq;fg;gLk; %d;W mjpfhuq;fspy; xd;W
murpay; rhrdj;jpd;gb rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wtjw;fhd mjpfhuk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F cz;L.

Rje;jpu chpikfs;
jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; RarhHG
ekJ [dehaf r%fj;jpy; kf;fSf;F Ngr;Rr; Rje;jpuk;> fUj;J ntspg;gLj;Jk; Rje;jpuk;> rka Rje;jpuk;
kw;Wk; xd;W$Ltjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; Mfpait cz;L. ,r;Rje;jpu cupikfis ehk; kjpj;Jg; NgZfpNwhk;.

Fw;wtpay; eLtH
fPo; ePjpkd;wk; xd;wpd; ePjpgjp (jiytH)
Fw;wtpay; eLtH jpUlid Fw;wthsp vdf; fz;L rpiwf;F mDg;gpdhH.

Njhoik
kw;wtUf;F cjtp nra;tJ kw;wtuplkpUe;J cjtp ngWtJ> Fwpg;ghf f\;lfhyq;fspy;
vdJ fhH nfl;Lg;Ngha; epd;wNghJ> kw;w Xl;LeHfs; Njhoik czHtpy; vd; fhiuj; js;s cjtpdH.

Njrpa fPjk;
Njrpag; ghly;
ml;thd;]; m];l;uhypah /ngaH vd;gJ mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa fPjkhFk;.

ghuhSkd;w [dehafk;
gpuirfshy; tof;fkhfg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;Fg; gpujpepjpfs; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtij mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;l
murhq;f Kiw
ghuhSkd;w [dehaf Kiwapy; jhk; tpUk;Gk; gpujpepjpfSf;F kf;fs; thf;fspg;gH.

epue;juf; FbapUg;ghsH
fhy tiu VJkpd;wp mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;tjw;Fk; Ntiy nra;tjw;Fkhd tprh itj;jpUg;gtH.
tq;fp xd;wpy; gzpahw;wptUk; mg;Jypd; gf;fj;J tPl;bypUf;Fk; [g;ghdpa ehl;ltH xU mT];jpNuypa epue;juf;
FbapUg;ghsH MthH.

murpay; fl;rp
ehL vg;gb Msg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wp xNu khjpupahd fUj;Jf;fisf;nfhz;l kf;fsJ FO
murpay; fl;rp xd;wpd; cWg;gpdHfs; fhyk; jtwhJ xd;W $br; re;jpg;gH> cjhuzj;jpw;F> nghJg;
Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis Nkk;gLj;JtJ vg;gb vd;gJ Fwpj;J fye;JiuahLtjw;F.

nghJkf;fs; Nrit
ehl;L eyj;jpw;nfd Neuk;> Mw;wy; kw;Wk; jpwikfisg; gad;gLj;JtJ
Gfyplk; ehLgtHfSf;F mT];jpNuypahtpy; Fbaku cjtpajd; %yk; N[h]; mupa nghJr; Nritahw;wpdhH.

fUj;Jf;fzpg;G
Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrd khw;wj;jpd; kPJ midj;J thf;fhsHfSk; thf;fspj;jy;
1967-Mk; Mz;L ele;j fUj;Jf;fzpg;G thf;nfLg;gpy; G+HtPf mT];jpNuypaiuAk; kf;fs; njhiff;
fzf;nfLg;gpy; NrHj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd kf;fs; thf;fspj;jdH.

32 M];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G

gpujpepjp
kw;wtH rhHghfg; NgRgtH my;;yJ nrayhw;WgtH
vdJ cs;SH efuitg; gpujpepjpf;F vd;Dila fUj;J gpbj;jpUe;jJ> mij mtH efuitf; $l;lj;jpy;
rkHg;gpj;jhH.

kPsha;T
GjpaNjhH rl;lj;jpw;fhf nra;ag;gLk; Kd;nkhopitf; fUj;jpy;nfhz;L> mij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjh my;yJ
epuhfupg;gjh vdj; jPHkhdpg;gJ
fPoitapypUe;J te;j xU tup kNrhjh Fwpj;J kPsha;T rig vd;w tifapy; nrdl; tpthjpj;jJ.

,ufrpa thf;fspg;G
Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwapy; Xl;L nrYj;JkhW thf;fhsHfis kw;wtHfs; fl;lhag;gLj;jhj tifapy; kf;fs;
kiwthf thf;fspf;Fk; Kiw
,ufrpa thf;fspg;G Kiwapy; ePq;fs; thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk;NghJ NtW ahUk; ghHf;f ,ayhJ.

rkarhHgw;w
rkaj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ
rkarhHgw;w r%fj;jpy; mjpfhuG+Htkhd rkak; vJTk; fpilahJ.

mikj;jy;
epHkhzpj;jy;> ];jhgpj;jy;> Jtf;Fjy;
Kjy; FbNaw;wj;ij MSeH /gpypg; epA+ nrsj; Nty;];- ,y; mikj;jhH.

\aH
cs;SH epHthfg; gFjp
vdJ \aH gFjpapy; cs;s rhiyfs; ghJfhg;ghdit.

r%fg; ghJfhg;G
Ntiyapy;yhjtHfs;> clypayhik cilatHfs;> tajhdtHfs; kw;Wk; NjitapypUg;NghUf;F
cjTtjw;nfd toq;fg;gLk; muR Xa;T+jpaq;fs; my;yJ Mjhaq;fs;
buhq; jdJ Ntiyia ,oe;jNghJ> r%fg; ghJfhg;G cjtpf;nfd tpz;zg;gpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

cq;fsJ mjpU\;lj;ijg; guPl;rpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;

Kad;W ghHg;gJ
Xt;nthU tUlKk; nky;gHd; fpz;zf; Fjpiug; ge;jaj;jpy; 10 lhyH ge;jak; itj;J vdf;F mjpU\;lk;
,Uf;fpwjh vd;W Kad;W ghHg;Ngd;.

RatpUg;Gj;njhz;lH
xU egUf;Nfh my;yJ mikg;Gf;Nfh Cjpak; vJTk; vjpHghHf;fhky; jdJ Nritia mspg;gtH
uh[; kw;wtuJ ,y;yq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mtHfSf;F Mq;fpyk; nrhy;ypj;jUk; RatpUg;gj;njhz;luhthH.

Nrhjidg; gFjpf;fhd nrhw;fsQ;rpak; 33

Nrhjidf;fhd gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;
mT];jpNuypahTk; mjd; kf;fSk;
1. 
md;]f; jpdj;jd;W ehk; epidT 3. 
mT];jpNuypahtpd; ve;j
$Htnjd;d? mjpfhuG+Htkhd rpd;dk; nghJey
m. f
 ypnghyp> JUf;fpapy; mT];jpNuypa> muir rupahd Kiwapy; Fwpf;Fk;?
epA+]pyhe;J ,uhZt tPuHfs; m. Njrpa fPjk;
te;jpwq;fpaik
M. mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa kyH
M. gpupl;lhdpag; NguurpypUe;J Kjy; Rje;jpuf;
FbfsJ tUif ,. nghJey murpd; rpd;dk; (Coat of Arms)

,. 
 pl;dp tisFlhtpy; Kjyhk; fg;gy;
]
njhFjp te;jpwq;fpaik

2. 
mT];jpNuypa mNghup[pdpfs; nfhbapy;
cs;s epwq;fs; ahit?
m. fUg;G> rptg;G kw;Wk; kQ;rs;
M. gr;ir> nts;is kw;Wk; fUg;G
,. ePyk;> nts;is kw;Wk; gr;ir

mT];jpNuypahtpd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;> chpikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs;;

4. 
mT];jpNuypahtpd; murhq;f mikg;G 8. 
fPo;f; fhzg;gLk; tplaq;fspy; vJ 18
Kiwiag; nghWj;jkl;by;> fPo;tUk; my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l taJila
$w;Wfspy; vJ rupahdJ? mT];jpNuypaHfsJ flikahFk;?
m. m
 T];jpNuypa murpahH> mT];jpNuypag; m. cs;SH efuitf; $l;lq;fSf;Fr; nry;tJ
ghuhSkd;wj;ij mikg;gjw;fhf kf;fisj;
NjHe;njLg;ghH M. thf;Fr; nrYj;JtJ
M. murhq;fk; kf;fshy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ ,. n
 ry;Ygbahff;$ba mT];jpNuypaf;
flTr;rPl;L xd;iw itj;jpUg;gJ
,. e
 kJ ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfis gpujkH
NjHe;njLg;ghH 9. 
fPo; tUk; tplaq;fspy; vJ 18
5. 
fPo;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ Ngr;R my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l taJila
Rje;jpuj;Jf;F cjhuzkhFk;? mT];jpNuypaHfs; kPJ flikahFk;?
m. m
 urpd; KbTfSf;F kf;fs; mikjpahd m. 
cs;SH r%f Nrit GuptJ
Kiwapy; vjpHg;G njuptpf;fyhk;. M. v
 y;yh Neuj;jpYk; flTr;rPl;ilf; ifapy;
M. e
 Pjpkd;wj;jpy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; rkkhf itj;jpUg;gJ
elj;jg;gLtH ,. m
 iof;fg;gLk;nghOJ [_up xd;wpy;
,. v
 r;rkaj;ijAk; gpd;gw;whjpUf;Fk; cupik gzpahw;WtJ
mT];jpNuypaUf;;Fz;L
10. 
flTr;rPl;Lfisf; Fwpj;j fPo;tUk;
6. 
fPo;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ mT];jpNuypa $w;Wfspy; vJ rupahdjhFk;?
murhq;fj;ijg; gw;wp rupahdjhFk;? m. 
mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfs; mT];jpNuypaf;
m. rpy kjq;fis muR mDkjpg;gjpy;iy flTr; rPl;bw;nfd tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;
M. mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; kjrhHgw;wjhFk; M. 
epue;juf; Fbfs; mT];jpNuypaf;
,. k
 jr; rl;lq;fs; ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; flTr;rPl;nlhd;iw itj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;
epiwNtw;wg;gLfpd;wd ,. 
mT];jpNuypahTf;Fj; jpUk;gp tu>
mT];jpNuypaf;; Fbkf;fSf;F flTr;rPl;Lk;
7. 
fPo;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ tprhTk; Njit
mT];jpNuypahtpYs;s rkj;Jtj;jpw;F
cjhuzkhFk;?
m. x
 t;nthUtUk; xNu rkaj;ijg;
gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdH
M. M
 z;fSk; ngz;fSk; rkcupik
ngw;wtHfs;;
,. X
 t;nthUtUk; xNu murpay; fl;rpiar;
rhHe;jtHfs;
mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd; rl;lq;fSk;
11. 
mT];jpNuypaj; NjHjy;fspy; 16. 
fPo;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ ftHdH-
thf;fspg;gJ Fwpj;j fPo;tUk; n[duypd; gq;fhFk;?
$w;Wfspy; vJ rupahdJ? m. khepy Kjy;tHfis epakpg;gJ
m. 
ve;j Ntl;ghsUf;Fk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; M. 
mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy;
Rje;jpukhfTk; thf;fspf;Fk; cupik epiwNtw;wg;gl;l kNrhjhf;fspy;
kf;fSf;F cz;L ifr;rhj;jpLtJ
M. 
ifiaf; fhl;Ltjd; %ykhf ,. 
ehl;bd; jiyik mjpfhupia epakdk;
thf;fspf;fg;gLfpwJ nra;tJ
,. 
thf;Fr;rPl;bd; kPJ kf;fs; jk; ngaiuf;
fl;lhak; vOjNtz;Lk; 17. 
khepy muRfisf; Fwpj;j fPo;tUk;
$w;Wfspy; vJ rupahdJ?
12. 
1901-Mk; Mz;L [dtup 1-Mk; jpfjp m. 
midj;J khepyq;fspYk; xNu murpay;
ele;j epfo;r;rp vd;d? rhrdk; cs;sJ
m. 
fUj;Jf;fzpg;G xd;wpd; %yk; M. 
xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk; mjw;Nf
mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk; cupj;jhd murpay; rhrdk; cz;L
khw;wg;gl;lJ
,. 
khepyq;fSf;F murpay; rhrdk;
M. 
mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk; fpilahJ
eilKiwf;F te;jJ
,. 
mT];jpNuypa-epA+]pyhe;J ,uhZtg;gil
18. 
gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; ,uz;lhtJ
mikf;fg;gl;lJ ngUk;ghd;ik cWg;gpdHfisf;
nfhz;Ls;s fl;rp my;yJ
13. 
mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpw;fhd fl;rpfspd; $l;lzp ve;jg; ngauhy;
tpjpKiwfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ?
rl;lG+Htkhd Mtzj;jpd; ngaH vd;d? m. murhq;fk;
m. mT];jpNuypaf; $l;luR M. vjpHf;fl;rp
M. mT];jpNuypag; nghJey muR ,. nrdl;
,. mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk;
19. 
rl;lk; xd;iw ,aw;Wtjw;nfd
14. fUj;Jf;fzpg;G vd;why; vd;d? ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; nra;ag;gLk;
Kd;nkhoptpd; ngaH vd;d?
m. 
murhq;fj;ij khw;Wtjw;fhd xU
thf;nfLg;G m. ,uhrhq;f MNkhjpg;G
M. 
mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdj;ij M. kNrhjh
khw;Wtjw;fhd xU thf;nfLg;G ,. tpthjk;
,. gpujkiu khw;Wtjw;fhd thf;nfLg;G
20. 
mT];jpNuypahtpy; mikjp> xOq;F
15. 
rl;lq;fspd; mHj;jj;ij tpsf;fp Mfpatw;iwg; guhkupg;gJ ahH?
rl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk; m. murhq;f CopaHfs;
murpd; ve;j mq;fj;jpw;F cz;L? M. nghyP];
m. rl;;lk; ,aw;Wk; mq;fk; ,. rl;lj;juzpfs;
M. epHthf mq;fk;
,. ePjpj;Jiw

tpilfs;:

1 m, 2 m, 3 ,, 4 M, 5 m, 6 M, 7 M, 8 M, 9 ,, 10 m, 11 m, 12 M, 13 ,, 14 M, 15 ,, 16 M, 17 M, 18 M, 19 M, 20 M

gapw;rp Nrhjidf;fhd tpdhf;fs; 35

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