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Semester 1, 2014-2015
IIT Gandhinagar
Objective:
Theory:
Tube coils offer one of the cheapest means of obtaining heat transfer
surface in the reactors. They are usually made by turning lengths of
copper, steel or alloy tubing into helixes or double helix coils. The inlet
and outlets are conveniently located side by side. Helical coils of either
type are frequently installed in vertical cylindrical vessels with or without
an agitator. A free space is also provided between the coil and the vessel
to make the entire surface of the coil available for heat transfer. When
coils are used with mechanical agitation, the vertical axis of the agitator
usually corresponds to the vertical axis of the cylindrical vessel. A
mechanical agitation can improve the heat transfer coefficient between
fluid in the agitated vessel and the coil.
2
l 2N
hd
k
=0.87( ) ( C
3
K ) (
)
w
Where,
= Heat transfer coefficient between fluid and coil surface (Kcal/hr-m2-oC)
d = Coil Diameter (m)
l = Agitator diameter (m)
N = Agitator speed (revolution/s)
= Density of fluid in the vessel (kg/m3)
K= thermal conductivity of fluid in the vessel (Kcal/hr-m-0C)
We can notice from the equation that for the given coil and given fluid in
vessel the heat transfer coefficient will be proportional to N2/3.
Since there will be increased turbulence owing to the circulatory path, the
inside film heat transfer coefficient for the coil will be greater than that
calculated for a straight pipe.
McAdams proposed the following equation:
[(
hCoil=hStraight Tube 1+
3.5 d Tube
d Coil )]
Here, h Straight Tube is given by Dittus-Boelter equation or Sider-Tate equation
Once the inside heat transfer coefficient of the coil is calculated the
outside heat transfer coefficient can be calculated from the following
equation:
1 1 x 1
= + +
U o A o hi K A l ho Ao
Procedure:
Observations:
Overall Heat
Amount of heat
LMTD Transfer ho (Kcal/hr- m2-
Obs. transferred (Q),
(0C) coefficient (Ui), 0
C)
Kcal/hr
Kcal/hr-m2-0C
94.6
1 369 61.09 62.90
7
93.4
2 405 67.91 70.15
7
93.2
3 270 45.38 46.37
5
91.9
4 477 81.29 84.52
7
90.7
5 612 105.66 111.18
9
90.5
6 513 88.78 92.65
7
Table 2. Calculated Results
Results:
Log(ho)
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
Conclusions:
Appendix:
9. ho = 62.9 Kcal/hr-m2-0C