www.sakshieducation.

com
Quantitative Aptitude

8.AVERAGES
Average
The average of a given number of quantities of the same kind is expressed as
:' # *;( ' */*/(+
Average =
<=5>?@ AB C=DEFEF?G
Average is also called the Arithmetic Mean.
Sum of the quantities = Average x Number of quantities
:' # *;( ' */*/(+
Number of quantities =
HI()J(
If all the given quantities have the same value, then the number itself is the average.
If all the given quantities are not the same, then the average of the given quantities is always
greater than the smallest number and less than the largest number
If each of the given quantities is increased by a constant p, then their average is also increased by P.
If each of the given quantities is decreased by a constant p, then their average is also decreased by
P.
If each of the given quantities is multiplied by a constant p, then their average is also multiplied by
P.
Whenever the given quantities form an arithmetic sequence and if the given quantities have odd
terms, then the average is the middle term in the sequence and if the given quantities have even
terms, then the average of the sequence is the average of the middle two terms.
In order to calculate the weighted average of a set of numbers, multiply each number in the set
by the number of times it appears, add all the products and divide by the total number of
numbers in the set.
If the speed of an object from A to B is x km/h and from B to A is y km/h, then the average speed

during the whole journey is km/h

If the average of N1 quantities is 9 and N2 quantities is y then the average of total (N1 + N2)
0 0 
quantities is given by
0 0
Example 1: What is the average of first five even numbers
Solution :. The first five numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
  
Average = = =6
 
Example 2: The average of five consecutive even numbers is 50. What is the largest of these
numbers?
Solution:: Let the numbers be x-4, x -2, x, x + 2, x + 4.
:' # *;( ' */*/(+
Average =
<=5>?@ AB C=DEFEF?G

= = 50


= 50

9 " 
Largest Number = 9 & $ "  & $ " $
Example 3: Average weight of 32 students of a class is 30.5 kg. If weight of a teacher is also
included then average weight is increased by 500 g. What is the weight of the teacher?
Solution : Total weight of 32 students = 30.532 = 976 kg
Average weight of (32 students + 1 teacher) = (30.5 + 0.5) = 31 kg
:. Total weight of (32 students + 1 teacher) = 31 33 = 1023 kg
Weight of teacher = (1023 - 976) kg = 47 kg
Example 4: The average salary per head of all the employees of an institution is Rs.60. The average
salary per head of 12 officers is Rs.400 and average salary per head of the rest is Rs.56. Find the
total number of employees in the institution.
Solution: Let the total number of employees be x.

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com
Quantitative Aptitude

8*K +K) # KK (K((+

Then 60 =

 
   
60 =
L
O % 9 "   $ & /9  0  % " $' & %9  %#
O % 9 %9 " $'  %#
O $9 " $' O 9 "  
Hence, the total number of employees is 1032.
Example 5: If the average of p and q is 58 and the average of q and s is 64, what is the value of
s-p?

solution : Given = 58 O p+q = 116 (i)

+
Also = 64 O q+s = 128 (ii)

Subtracting Eq. (i) from (ii), we get
(q + s) - (p + q) =128 - 116 => s - p = 12
Example 6: 12 men went to a restaurant. 11 of them spent Rs.5 each and the 12th person spent
Rs.11 more than the average expenditure of all. Find the total money spent by them?
Solution: Let the average money spent by the 12 men = Rs. x
Money spent by the 12th man = Rs. (x + 11)
Money spent by the other 11 men = Rs. (115) = Rs. 55
Total money spent by 12 men = Rs. (55+x + 11) = Rs. (x + 66)

;x= : 129 = 9+66 O 119 = 66

O 9 =Rs.6
Total money spent by 12 men =612 = Rs. 72.
EXERCISE
1. Find the average of the first 100 natural (c) 38 (d) 27
numbers 6. The average marks obtained by 80
(a) 50.5 (b) 52 students in a certain examination is 28. If
(c) 51.5 (d) 53 the average marks of the students who
2. Find the mean of the first 25 multiples of have passed is 40 and that of those who
10. have failed is 25, how many students
(a) 150 (b) 125 failed the examination ?
(c) 120 (d) 130 (a) 64 (b) 24
3. Find the average weight of 8 students 49 (c) 16 (d) 38
kg,47 kg, 46 kg, 42 kg, 39 kg, 48 kg, 50 kg 7. The average of 100 numbers is 50. It is
and 43 kg. found that while calculating the average ,
(a) 44 kg (b) 42.5 kg two numbers, namely 81 and 66 were
(c) 47 kg (d) 45.5 kg wrongly read as 18 and 6. The correct
4. The average weight of 20 students in a average is
class is decreased by 500 g, when one boy (a) 51.23 (b) 41.45
whose weight is 45 kg is replaced by a (c) 36.42 (d) 52.46
new boy. What is the weight of the new 8. The average age of 25 students in a class is
boy ? 10 yr. If the teachers age is included, the
(a) 35 kg (b) 32 kg average increase by 1 yr. The age of the
(c) 36 kg (d) 34 kg teacher is
5. A batsman has a certain average of runs (a) 33 yr (b) 42 yr
for (c) 36 yr (d) 45 yr
16 innings. In the 17th innings, he makes a 9. The average monthly salary of 11 workers
score of 85 runs , thereby increasing his and one officer in an organization is 600.
average by 3 . What is the average after When the officer whose salary was rs 1600
the 17th innings? per month retired, a new officer was
(a) 60 (b) 37 appointed and the average salary of the 12

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com
Quantitative Aptitude

employees is Rs. 570 per month. The 17. Jittu scores 60, 80, 40, 50 and 90 percent
salary of the new officer is? marks in the subjects A, B, C, D and E
(a) Rs. 1260 (b) Rs. 1240 respectively. However, the weights
(c) Rs. 1220 (d) Rs. 1280 attached to those subjects are 5, 4, 3, 2
10. A person travels 120 km in 6 h, 130 km in and 1 respectively, Which of the
5 h and 200 km in 4 h. Find his average following represents the weighted average
speed during the whole journey of marks scored by Jittu in these five
(a) 36 km/h (b) 35 km/h subjects
(c) 30 km/h (d) 32 km/h (a) 75 (b) 78
11. The average age of students in section A of (c) 62 (d) 79
40 students is 10 yr and the average age of 18. The average of 10 numbers is 7. If each
students in section B of 30 students is 12 number is multiplied by 12, then the
yr. Find the average age of students in both average of new set of numbers is
sections taken together. (a) 72 (b) 86
(a) 10 yr (b) 11 yr (c) 79 (d) 84
(c) 10.86 yr (d) 11.32 yr 19. In Aruns opinion his weight is greater
12. If average of a, b, c is m and )* & *+ & than 65 kg but less than 72 kg. His brother
+) " , then average of a2, b2, c2 is does not agree with Arun and he thinks
(a) m2 (b) 3 m2 that Aruns weight is greater than 60 kg
2
(c) 6m (d) 9 m2 but less than 70 kg. His mothers view is
13. The average weight of 8 persons increases that his weight cannot be greater than 68
by2.5 kg when a new person comes in kg. If all of them are correct in their
place of one of them weighing 65 kg. estimation, what is the average of
What might be the weight of the new different probable weights of Arun?
person? (a) 71 kg (b) 67 kg
(a) 82 kg (b) 85 kg (c) 73 kg (d) 58 kg
(c) 76.5 kg (d) 80 kg 20. Find the average weight of four containers,
14. The average marks fetched by Mohan in if it is known that the weight of the first
History, Geography, Science and container is 100 kg and the total of the
Mathematics is 10 more than the marks second, third and fourth containers weight
fetched in Mathematics . If he has got 110 is defined by R/90 " 9  /$ /90! ,
marks aggregate in History and where 9 "  .
Geography, what will be the aggregate (a) 650 kg (b) 880 kg
marks fetched in Science and (c) 760 kg (d) 460 kg
Mathematics? 21. 19 persons went to a hotel for a combined
(a) 90 (b) 70 dinner party. 13 of them spent rs.79 each
(c) 75 (d) cant be determined on their dinner and the rest spent Rs4 more
15. In a journey of 160 km, a train covers the than the average expenditure of all the 19.
distance 120 km at a speed of 80 km/h What was the total money spent by them?
and the remaining distance at 40 km/h. (a) rs.1628.4 (b) rs.1536
The average speed of the train for the (c) rs.1492 (d) rs.1632
whole journey is: 22. One-half of a certain distance is covered at
(a) 50 km/h (b) 64 km/h 40 km/h, one-third of it at 80 km/h and the
(c) 68 km/h (d) 74 km/h rest at 120 km/h. Find the average speed
16. A man travels from destination A to B by for the whole journey.
car at an average speed of 48 km/h and 
(a) 51 km/h (b) 55 km/h
 
returns on his bike with an average speed  
of 16 km/h. Find his average speed for the (c) 52 km/h (d) 56 km/h
 
entire journey 23. What is the average of all number from 1to
(a) 36 km/h (b) 24 km/h 100 that end in 3?
(c) 32 km/h (d) 21 km/h (a) 49 (b) 46

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com
Quantitative Aptitude

(c) 48 (d) 47 the youngest child, if they differ in age by

24. Average of two numbers is 14.5 and 2 yr ?
square root of their product is 10. What are (a) 12 yr (b) 9yr
the (c) 11 yr (d) 7 yr
numbers? 27. A Student on his birthday distributed on an
(a) 16 and 9 (b) 25 and 4 average 5 chocolates per student. If on the
(c) 4 and 16 (d) 25 and 9 arrival of the teacher and the headmaster to
25. The mean yearly salary of an employee of
whom the student gives 10 and 15
company was Rs. 20000. The mean yearly
salaries of male and female employees chocolates respectively, the average
were Rs. 20800 and Rs. 16800 chocolate distributed per head increase to
respectively. Find the ratio of males to 5.5, what is the strength of the class?
females employed by the company?
(a) 3 :2 (b) 4:1 (a) 28 (b) 30
(c) 2 :1 (d) 5 :3 (c) 32 (d) None of these
26. Twelve years ago, the average age of a
husband and a wife was 20 yr. The average
remains the same today, when they have
two children . What is the present age of

ANSWER KEY
1 a 7 a 13 b 19 b 25 b
2 d 8 c 14 d 20 a 26 d
3 d 9 b 15 b 21 b 27 a
4 a 10 c 16 b 22 b
5 b 11 c 17 c 23 c
6 a 12 b 18 d 24 b

SOLUTIONS

1. Sum of the first n natural numbers 5. Let the average score be x runs, then by

  given condition total score of 16 innings
"
 = 16x.
Sum of the first 100 natural numbers = 

  = (x + 3) => x = 34
"   
 ; Average after 17th innings
Average of first 100 natural numbers
= 34 + 3 = 37 .
 
" "  .  6. Let the number of students who passed
 "9
2. Sum of the first 25 multiples of 10
Then$ 9 & /'  90   " '  
= 10+ 20+ 30+ ...250
O $ 9  9 &   ' " '  '
= 10 [1 + 2 + 3 + .... +25]  

   O 9" " " %
= = =3250  
 
 Hence the number of students who failed
Required average = "  " /'  %0 " %$

3. Average weight 7. Sum of the numbers
 " /    '  % & ' & %%0
"

 " 
= = 45.5 kg  


:Correct average = " . 

4. Total decrease = (20 ) kg = 10kg 8. Sum of the ages of 25 students

Weight of new man = (45-10) kg = 35kg "    "  =7)6F
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com Quantitative Aptitude

Let the age of the teacher = x yrs % % 

 " " " % 
Then, (10+1) =  $ .  

  &
' $
:  & 9 " / & 0/ & 0 " %$ nL/g
"   % 
16. Average speed = ( 0km/hr
: 9 "   %   
 
" % =7)6F =( 0km/hr
 
9. Let the average monthly salary of each = 24 km/hr
worker = Rs. x 17. Weighted average =
Total salary of 11 workers and 1 officer




 
" 9 & % 
   
Then, 600 = = = 62 marks
 
:  9 " %    % 18. Required Answer =   # " '$
" % 19. According to Arun, his weigh x kg is
Let the salary of the new officer be Rs. y. such that
 % I s I 72
Then, 570 =
 According to his brother,
: 9 & = " #   % I s I 70
: = " #    9 According to his mother, x v 68
: = " #    % " $ From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
Hence the salary of the new officer % I s v 68 i.e.,
= Rs. 1240. 9 " %%, %# K6 %'

10. Total distance travelled = 120 + 130 + Average = = 67 kg

200= 450 km 
20. Sum = 100+(100)3- (100)2 =
Total time of travel = 6 + 5 + 4 = 15 h 

Average speed =

= 30 km/ph 100+(100)2[1- ]


   = 100+10000 = 2600
11. Required average = = 10.86 
 
years Avg. = =650 kg

12. 21. Let the average expenditure of all be Rs.
(a + b + c)2 =a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca) x, then by given condition
= a2 +b2 + c2 
9 "  9 #
& /9 & $0%
M 
But = m : a+b+c = 3m O  9 "   O 9 "
 
 M
M 
; = = m2= 3m2 = 80.846
  
; Total money spent by them
13. By shortcut: The weight of the new
" 
 ' . '$%
person
" hF.  % /)DD6K90
" '  .  & % " ' no
14. By given condition, 22. Let total journey = x km
$/+*)  9(J);  :M/( M(  -*;+ Total, time taken
  
 =( J & 0h
   
=10 + Maths
: (History + Geography) + Science - 3    
Maths = 40 =( & & )h = ( ) h
   
:110 + Science 3 Maths = 40 Average speed
  
O 3 Maths - Science = 70 " 9 " "  km/h
  
Since there is no relation given between 23. Numbers between 1 and 100 which end
Maths and Science the question cannot in 3 are 3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83,
be solved. and 93.
15. Average speed = Sum of the numbers = 3 + 13 + 23 + ... +
pKq)j 23Fq).+7 q6)r7jj72
93
pKq)j q3L7 q)n7. This is an AP with a = 3, l = 93 and

www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com Quantitative Aptitude

d =10 : ' 9 "  =

  
S n= [ a + l] = [ 3 + 93] = 480
 
O = O 9: = " $: 


Hence, required average = = 48 Method: II

24. Let the number be a and b. Then, Options to question.
) & * 26. Sum of the ages of husband and wife 12
" $.  year ago = (2 20) year = 40 years

: ) & * " 
Present sum of the ages of husband and
wife " /$ &   ) year = 64 years
: )* " 
Let the age o f the two children be x and
: )* " 
9 & 
/)  *0 " /) & *0  $)*  
" /
0  /$   0 " $$ Now, 20 = =
 
: /)  *0 "  : %% & 9 " ' : 9 " $
On solving a + b = 29 and a - b = 21, we get : 9 " #
a = 25 and b = 4. Hence, the age of the younger child is 7
25. Let the number of males be 9 and the years.
number of females be y. 27. Let x be the total strength of class.
Sum of the salaries of the men Old average chocolate per student = 5,
"  ' 9 Total chocolate" 9
Sum of the salaries of the females By given condition:

.
" %' = " . 
   
Now, 20000 =
 /9 & 0 " . 9 & 
O  /9 & =0 . 9 " $
"  ' 9 & %' = 9 " '

www.sakshieducation.com