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Tree Growth Cycle (Phenology)
flowering
fruit set
fruit
maturation
F lo w e r b u d b re a k
F lo w e r R o o ts
S p rin g le a f
F lo w e r in d u c tio n /
in itia tio n
R o o ts F ru it g r o w th
R o o ts S u m m er le a f
F ru it d ro p
S u m m e r le a f R o o ts
F ru it d ro p
/0 00
10 3/2 6
/0 00
10 2/2 06
0
0/ 0
The Starch Cycle
1 1/2 5
Flowering
/0 00
10 2/2 5
/1 00
10 1/2 5
/1 00
10 0/2 5
/1 00
10 9/2 5
/0 00
10 8/2 5
/ 0 00
10 7/2 05
/0 0
10 6/2 5
/0 00
10 5/2 5
/0 00
10 4/2 5
/0 00
10 3/2 5
/0 00
10 2/2 5
0 0
Flowering
0/ 0
1 1/2 4
/0 00
10 2/2 4
/1 00
10 1/2 4
/1 00
10 0/2 4
/1 00
10 9/2 4
/0 00
10 8/2 4
/0 00
10 7/2 04
/0 0
10 6/2 4
/0 00
10 5/2 4
/0 00
10 4/2
/0
10
9
0
Average starch content (%)
Two year cycles with starch levels
Achieving The Right Balance
Correct timing will help you achieve the
optimum balance between:-
leaf growth fruiting - root growth
This balance will achieve:-
good fruit set, but also . . .
adequate leaf canopy (the factory) and
root growth (raw materials supply route) to
feed the fruit and set the tree up for the next
year
The Concept Of The Sink
Water Nitrogen
Phosphorous acid
Minimal nitrogen (NZ?)
Calcium
Sunny Boron
Cincturing
Case Studies
Timing of SUNNY
CORRECT TIMING OF PHOSPHOROUS
ACID APPLICATION
Refer to the growth cycle and look for when the roots are
the primary sink
Roots are a strong sink when there is little leaf, flowering
or fruit development taking place
Generally two opportunities per year, one is better than the
other
Other points to consider:
Potential phytotoxicity of phosphorous acid to feeder
roots
MRLs in fruit
Critical application times for phosphorous acid for Phytophthora root rot control
Calcium Fertiliser Application For
Optimising Fruit Content
Refer to the growth cycle and look for when the fruit is the
primary sink
Calcium is taken up via the water stream and distributed in
the plant wherever water goes
Fruit have stomata for about the first 6-8 weeks of their
development, then they close up permanently forming the
lenticels
Whilst the stomata in the fruit are still open water moves
through the fruit depositing calcium there this is therefore
the most critical time for accumulating calcium in fruit
Uptake Of Calcium Into Fruit
8000
7000
6000
Fruit Ca (mg/kgdw)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Weeks after fruit set
Source: Witney et al. (1990)
The Starch Cycle
Sunny
Dr. A. W. Whiley
The Starch Cycle
Critical time to apply Sunny (when 50% of the flowers on the tree have opened and before
more than 10% of the spring shoots have begun to grow)
The Starch Cycle