: FFT

95/7/2

FFT 100 . FFT

. FPGA
.

http://faradandish.ir/blog

FFT

FFT Fast Fourier Transform

DFT Discrete Fourier Transform . DFT

. .

http://faradandish.ir/blog
 .
.
.

) x(t :

)f(t) = a1 sin(w1t) + a2 cos(w2t) + a3 sin(w3t

w2 w1 w3 a1 a2 a3 .
) x(t .

a2

a1
Fourier
a3

w1 w2 w3
)Time (t )Frequency (f

( )ADC .
) x(t Fs .
N ) x(t Fs .

DFT
Fs .
DFT .
( )N .
a2 a1 a3 . DFT N
DFT N .

http://faradandish.ir/blog
 DFT Fs/N .
100MHz 1000 ADC DFT
1000
100MHz/1000 = 100KHz . DFT .
100KHz . DFT 200KHz
99900KHz.

100kHz DFT
. DFT
100kHz 25kHz.

a1

a3
a0
DFT
a2

w0 w1 w2 w3
)Time (t )Frequency (f
0Hz 25Khz 50kHz 75kHz

DFT .
x(n) = a + jb X(n) = w + jz .

DFT . .
) sqrt(w^2 + z^2 .

FFT DFT . FFT

DFT . FFT
.

http://faradandish.ir/blog
 FFT

FFT CooleyTukey .

.

FFT FFT
. FFT
. FFT IP Core
.

CooleyTukey FFT .
FFT 8 102 ... ... .
FFT Butterfly . Butterfly FFT
FFT .

)x(0
)F(0

)x(1 W20
)F(1
-1

Butterfly x(0) ) x(1 ) F(0 ) F(1

. :

x(0) = x0_r + jx0_i

x(1) = x1_r + jx1_i

http://faradandish.ir/blog
 F(0) = F0_r + jF0_i

F(1) = F1_r + jF1_i

Butterfly
. .
Butterfly :

)F(0) = x(0) + W20 x(1

)F(1) = x(0) - W20 x(1

W ) WNn = e^(-j2n/N e^jx = cos x + j sin x.

W20 = 1.

FFT Butterfly . FFT .

Butterfly Butterfly
. Butterfly .
- bit-reverse.

W W40 = 1 W20 = 1 :
.W41 = -j

FFT

FFT
. FFT IP Core
.

http://faradandish.ir/blog
 ISE IP Core FFT
IP Core
.

Stage 1 Stage 2
)x(0 A
)F(0

)x(2 W20 B
)F(1
-1

)x(1 C W40
)F(2
-1

)x(3 W20 D W41

)F(3
-1 -1

FFT .
FPGA
.

. FFT
.
FFT VHDL
.

http://faradandish.ir/blog
 .
.
. .
.

FFT FPGA . FFT

:

- FFT
- Butterfly Butterfly .

x0_r F0_r
x0_i F0_i
x1_r F1_r
x1_i F1_i
x2_r 4-point FFT F2_r
x2_i F2_i
x3_r F3_r
x3_i F3_i

Clock

.
Butterfly .

Butterfly :

http://faradandish.ir/blog
 )F(0) = x(0) + W20 x(1

)F(1) = x(0) - W20 x(1

)F(nx(n) WNn
:

)F(0) = (x0_r + x1_r) + j(x0_i + x1_i

)F(1) = (x0_r - x1_r) + j(x0_i - x1_i

)F(n :

F(0) = F0_r + jF0_i

F(1) = F1_r + jF1_i

F0_r = x0_r + x1_r

F0_i = x0_i + x1_i

F1_r = x0_r - x1_r

F1_i = x0_i - x1_i

Butterfly .

.
Butterfly ( FFT )
.

http://faradandish.ir/blog
 FFT Butterfly
FFT .
.

. WNn
-1 1 j .
j
.

FFT

FFT FFT IP
Core FFT 128 IP Core ISE
.

IP Core IP . FFT
. Datasheet IP
.

FPGA
FPGA .
FPGA
.

http://faradandish.ir/blog


FFT .
MATLAB .
fft MATLAB .
MATLAB:

;]x = [7+i 5-4i 3+23i 9-2i

;)fft(x

24+18i 2-18i -4+30i 6-26i

.
ISim MATLAB .

FFT
.

http://faradandish.ir/blog

http://faradandish.ir/blog