Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Enclosed please find the latest version of the CAESAR II Pipe Stress Analysis program, CAESAR II
2011. This package includes a program CD-Rom and associated documentation.
This version of CAESAR II incorporates many new features and technical capabilities. Some of the more
significant changes are listed in the table below (for a complete list of changes, refer to Chapter 1 of the
Quick Reference Guide, or on-line using \Help\Whats New in 2011).
Revised the following piping codes due to code changes: RCCM-C, RCCM-D, ASME-NC, ASME-
ND, GPTC/Z380, Z662, B31.1, B31.3, and EN-13480 (2010 Draft).
The DVD has an Auto-Run feature that should start the installation driver as soon as the CD tray is
closed. The installation of CAESAR II 2011 will create a group on the startup menu for subsequent
access. Additionally a desktop shortcut icon to C2.EXE will be placed on the desktop. Please refer to
Chapter 2 of the Quick Reference Guide for additional details, and the silent install option.
Please be aware that CAESAR II 2011 is not downward compatible with any previous version of the
software. Input files from older versions are upward compatible as always. At release time, the
CADWorx bi-directional link is not yet updated to accommodate CAESAR II 2011. CADWorx models can
be used by CAESAR II 2011, but changes cannot be sent back to CADWorx. An update to CADWorx will
follow shortly.
CAESAR II 2011 like all previous versions of CAESAR II has been tested according to the QA standards
established at Intergraph CAS. Jobs created on earlier versions are compatible with CAESAR II 2011 and
should yield the same results as earlier versions except as noted in the Technical Changes on the next
page.
Regards,
Updated the following piping codes: RCCM-C, RCCM-D, ASME-NC, ASME-ND, GPTC/Z380, Z662, B31.1,
B31.3, EN-13480 (2010 Draft).
Added the ability to visually show on the Static Output menu which load cases have passed or failed.
Added the spring hanger databases for PSS (Germany) and Seonghwa (Korea).
Added additional flexibility with user material databases through user named files.
Improved the CAESAR II documentation search capabilities by adding a combined PDF Search.
CAESAR II 2011 (Version 5.30) - Technical Changes
The following list details changes to CAESAR II 2011 (Version 5.30), which may affect the numeric results.
Corrected the refractory weight computation for the Weight No Contents (WNC) load case. (Ver 5.20, 090904
build)
Corrected the wind load generation according to NBC/UBC. (Ver 5.20, 090904 build)
Corrected the hanger selection algorithm when mixing both hot and cold load design with the "as designed"
stiffness switch. (Ver 5.20, 090904 build)
Changed the combined stress calculation for B31.8 VIII so that pipelines are computed using nominal
dimensions while platform piping and risers consider mill tolerance in accordance with a Code Inquiry. (Changed
in Ver 5.20, 100122 build)
Corrected the SIF computation of EN-13480 reducers (to 1.0) for the "In Plane/Out Plane" method. (Ver 5.20,
100122 build)
Modified the bend SIF/Flexibility computation for EN-13480 to use the fitting thickness if this value is specified.
This change also affects PD-8010 which uses the EN rules for SIF and Flexibility factor values. (Ver 5.20, 100715
build)
Added EN-13480 2010 code changes. EN-13480 2010 has made a number of changes to the SIF appendices. In
H-1 the SIF for bends is now modified based on whether the bend has 1 or 2 flanged ends. In H-3, the bend
flange modification is included as well as pressure stiffening effects.
Added B31.3 2008 code changes. B31.3 2008 changed the equations used for the pressure stiffening effects on
bends, in Appendix D for the SIF and flexibility factor values. These terms now depend on the pressure and elastic
modulus of the specific load case.
Added B31.3 2008 code changes. B31.3 2008 now limits the values of Sc and Sh used in the expansion stress
allowable equations when f (the cyclic reduction factor) is greater than 1.0.
Added B31.3 2008 code changes. B31.3 2008 removed theW (weld strength reduction) term from the equation
used to determine the Sustained stress allowable.
Corrected the Z662 expansion code stress calculation when the user sets FAC equal to 1.0. There is no
expansion stress for this condition, so the code stress is set to zero. (Ver 5.20, 100715 build)
Corrected the EN2005 wind computation, changed one of the Zo values (from 0.001 to 0.01).
For B31.1, footnote 1 (page 9) indicates that pressure variations should be considered in the Expansion cases.
The Configuration Directive Pressure Variation in Exp Case has been changed for B31.1 so that yes and
default apply pressure variations. In previous versions, default meant no.
Corrected the elemental insulation weight reduction for hydrotest cases when the configuration is set to ignore
insulation in hydrotest cases.
Corrected the determination of the B31.8 VIII hoop stress allowable (from using Sh to using Sy).
Corrected the expansion coefficients in the CAESAR II material database for ASME NC and ND materials have
been incorrectly specified since Version 3.24. The database contained the instantaneous coefficient of
expansion (Column A of Table TE-1 in Section II Part D) instead of the mean coefficient of expansion (Column B
of Table TE-1). (The instantaneous values result in more expansion than the mean values for temperatures
greater than 70F and thus should have produced conservative results in most cases.)
CAESAR II 2011 Quick Reference Guide
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Table of Contents
Comments and suggestions concerning CAESAR II, the User Guide, or the Quick Reference Guide are always
welcome. Users with problems, questions, or suggestions can contact the development/support staff at:
caesarii@intergraph.com.
In This Chapter
CAESAR II Software .................................................................... 1-1
Pipe Stress Seminars...................................................................... 1-2
System and Hardware Requirements............................................. 1-2
CAESAR II Software
CAESAR II is an advanced PC based tool for the engineer who designs or analyzes piping systems. CAESAR II
uses input spreadsheets, on-line help, graphics, and extensive error detection procedures to facilitate timely
operation and solution.
CAESAR II is capable of analyzing large piping models, structural steel models, or combined models, both
statically and dynamically. ASME, B31, WRC, and rotating equipment reports combine to provide the analyst
with a complete description of the piping systems behavior under the applied loading conditions. Additional
technical capabilities such as out-of-core solvers, force spectrum analysis (for water hammer and relief valve
solutions), time history, and large rotation rod hangers provide the pipe stress engineer with the most advanced
computer based piping program available today.
CAESAR II is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technical abilities, to provide additional functionality,
and to modify existing computation procedures as the piping codes are updated. A complete list of the most
recent changes to CAESAR II can be found in the Getting Started Guide. Users wanting software sales are urged
to contact the sales staff at:
Phone: 281-890-4566 E-mail: sales.icas@intergraph.com
FAX: 281-890-3301 Web: http://www.coade.com/FAQ/163
1-2 CAESAR II 2011 Quick Reference Guide
Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For additional seminar details, please contact the
support staff at: seminars.icas@intergraph.com.
Chapter 2 Installation
In This Chapter
Installation Overview .................................................................... 2-1
Installing CAESAR II.................................................................... 2-3
Installing in Silent Mode ............................................................... 2-10
ESL Installation on a Network ...................................................... 2-11
Network ESLs Notes ..................................................................... 2-12
Troubleshooting............................................................................. 2-12
Installation Overview
This chapter explains the CAESAR II installation process. To begin installation, insert the DVD in to the drive.
Note, CAESAR II is distributed on DVD media; therefore, a DVD drive is required. The installation disk will not
run in a CD drive. The installation routine will start, and the following control menu will display in an Internet
Explorer window.
The left side of this page displays options for DVD content and Company Services.
DVD content:
Additional Installations: Includes options to install the HASP drivers and Autodesks TrueView
application.
2-2 Installation
Browse the DVD: Displays Windows Explorer focused on the root of the DVD. Additional documents and
content can be reviewed from this window.
Additional Products: Displays a single page describing other Intergraph Analysis products.
Contact Intergraph: Displays contact information for the Analysis Group at Intergraph.
Services section:
Training: Displays a web page with the seminar schedule for the various analysis products.
Support Forum: Displays Internet Explorer focused on the CAESAR II Discussion Forum.
The main (center) portion of the menu provides options to install CAESAR II or review a number of important
documents without installing anything. These options include:
Install CAESAR II: Launches the main installation process, which installs CAESAR II, the HASP drivers,
and all associated documentation.
CAESAR II Information: Displays Internet Explorer focused on the CAESAR II Information Page.
Release Notes: Displays a PDF document detailing the recent changes made to this new version of
CAESAR II.
ReadMe File: Displays a text file discussing the installation steps, the system requirements, and the DVD
contents.
License Agreement: Displays the CAESAR II License Agreement. (Note this file is an RTF document and
may not display properly without an RTF viewer.)
Installation Instructions: Displays the Quick Reference Guide, a PDF document containing these
instructions. The Quick Reference Guide can be accessed directly from the DVD, without installing the
software.
HASP Licensing Overview: Displays a summary of the Aladdin (SafeNet) HASP Licensing System.
HASP Trouble Shooting: Displays a document with troubleshooting procedures in the event there are
issues with the licensing.
Chapter 2 Installation 2-3
Installing CAESAR II
1 To start the installation of the software click Install CAESAR II.
Installation begins by extracting all the necessary files and optionally installing any prerequisites needed by the
system.
As installation begins, a dialog box displays a progress indicator and the name of the file extracted.
Note: It is best if nothing else is running while the installation program runs. Most unsuccessful installation
attempts can be attributed to other software running at the same time as the installation.
After this completes the Welcome message displays.
2-4 Installation
3 To continue the installation, click the I accept the terms in the license agreement.
Chapter 2 Installation 2-5
5 Select the appropriate setup type, and click Next. The dialog box to set the installation folder displays below.
Tip: The default destination directory is c:\program files\Intergraph CAS\<product name>, where <product
name> reflects the program name and version.
2-6 Installation
6 To install the software in another location, click Change. The following dialog box displays.
7 In the Folder Name box, type the new destination folder. You can also use the buttons to the right to browse
for the location.
8 After defining the proper destination folder, click OK. This will return control to the Destination Folder
dialog box.
9 Click Next to continue the installation process
After this dialog box is complete, the Select Language dialog displays. The Select Language dialog allows you
to select from various languages and dictates the language resource files that are installed.
10 After selecting the language, click Next. The Select ESL Color dialog box displays. This selection defines
whether a Local or Network key will be used. This choice, determines which driver gets loaded.
Chapter 2 Installation 2-7
12 Click Install to transfer the software from the CD to the target destination directory.
2-8 Installation
After the files have been transferred, the CAESAR II Configuration Module screen displays.
This module lets you set the default configuration for this particular workstation.
Chapter 2 Installation 2-9
13 Click the diskette button to save the file, exit the configuration module, and continue the installation.
Note: It is highly recommended that you familiarize yourselves with the configuration directives. A full
discussion of them can be found in the CAESAR II Technical Reference Manual.
After the Configuration directives are set the Aladdin device driver installation routine is launched to install the
driver for the hardware lock.
After installing the Aladdin Device Drivers the installation routine cleans up and displays the following dialog
box.
14 To view the Readme.doc file click the Show the readme file check box before clicking Finish.
2-10 Installation
Because a device driver was loaded, it is a good idea to restart Windows. The final dialog box provides
options to immediately restart Windows, or to terminate the installation. Select the appropriate button.
Span (Spanish)
Ger (German)
Fren (French)
SERIALNUMBER = XXXXXX
Chapter 2 Installation 2-11
Green
SPLM
ESL_ON_MACHINE (Specifies whether the ESL will be installed on the local machine or the server. This is
set only if the ESL color is red.)
Yes
No
INSTALL_SILENT (Specifies whether the install is silent)
Yes
No
The network ESL must be attached to the USB port of a computer on the network (this can be a workstation or
the file server). The file server is a better location for this ESL, because it will usually be up and running. If the
network ESL is attached to a workstation, the workstation must be running and/or logged onto the network
before anyone can use the software.
In order for the network to recognize the ESL, you must load a utility program must be loaded on the machine
controlling the ESL. The actual utility used depends on whether the ESL is on the file server or a workstation
and the type of network. The drivers for network ESL usage can be found in the sub-directory ASSIDRV
beneath the CAESAR II program directory. The documentation files in this sub-directory contain instructions
for a variety of networks and operating systems.
This modification can be accomplished with SYSCON (or equivalent) assuming Supervisor rights.
2-12 Installation
Note: The workstation must always be up and running for you to access the software.
The main disadvantage is that users cannot transfer the ESL between machines in order to take the software to a
remote location.
Because both a network and several local ESLs may be initialized on the same system (there is no network-
specific version of the software), it is suggested that only 70 to 80 percent of the licenses be assigned to a
network ESL. The remaining 20 to 30 percent of the licenses should be assigned to local ESLs. This enables the
local ESLs to be moved between computers to run the software at remote locations. Alternatively, if all of the
licenses are on the network ESL, a user must then be logged into the network to access the software. A few local
ESLs provide much greater operating flexibility.
Troubleshooting
For troubleshooting and problem solving issues, refer to the CAESAR II Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
located on the website. To access the CAESAR II FAQ: http://www.coade.com/FAQ/163.
CH AP TER 3
In This Chapter
CAESAR II Interfaces ................................................................... 3-1
Piping Codes.................................................................................. 3-2
Setup File Directives List .............................................................. 3-3
List of Materials ............................................................................ 3-8
Restraints ....................................................................................... 3-9
Intersection Types ......................................................................... 3-10
Node Locations on Bends .............................................................. 3-11
CAESAR II Interfaces
There are several external interfaces which allow data transfer between CAESAR II and other software packages.
Users can access these interfaces via the Tools menu on the CAESAR II Main Menu.
Users interested in these interfaces should contact techsupport for further information. We anticipate other
interfaces in the future and keep users updated via the newsletter or revised documentation.
3-2 Technical Information
Piping Codes
Use the table below to identify the Piping Code, publication and revision date.
Geometry Directives
GEOMETRY DIRECTIVES
CONNECT GEOMETRY THRU CNODES = YES 34
MIN ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .5000000E+01 36
MAX ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .9500000E+02 37
BEND LENGTH ATTACHMENT PERCENT = .1000000E+01 38
MIN ANGLE TO ADJACENT BEND PT = .5000000E+01 39
LOOP CLOSURE TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 42
THERMAL BOWING HORIZONTAL TOLERANCE = .1000000E-03 92
AUTO NODE NUMBER INCREMENT= 1000000E+02 109
Z AXIS UP NO 129
Computation Control
COMPUTATION CONTROL
USE PRESSURE STIFFENING = DEFAULT 65
ALPHA TOLERANCE = .5000000E-01 33
HANGER DEFAULT RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 49
DECOMPOSITION SINGULARITY TOLERANCE = .1000000E+11 50
BEND AXIAL SHAPE = YES 51
FRICTION STIFFNESS = .1000000E+07 45
FRICTION NORMAL FORCE VARIATION = .1500000E+00 47
FRICTION ANGLE VARIATION = .1500000E+02 48
FRICTION SLIDE MULTIPLIER = .1000000E+01 46
ROD TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 59
ROD INCREMENT = 2000000E+01 58
INCORE NUMERICAL CHECK = NO 60
DEFAULT TRANSLATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 98
DEFAULT ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 99
IGNORE SPRING HANGER STIFFNESS = NO 100
3-4 Technical Information
COMPUTATION CONTROL
MISSING MASS ZPA = EXTRACTED 101
MINIMUM WALL MILL TOLERANCE = .1200000E+02 107
WRC-107 VERSION = MAR 79 1B1/2B1 119
WRC-107 INTERPOLATION = LAST VALUE 120
INCLUDE_INSULATION_IN_HYDROTEST= NO 147
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE = 70.00 135
BORDER PRESSURE = NONE 136
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION = 0. 140
INCLUDE SPRING STIFFNESS IN FREE THERMAL CASES = NO 141
FRP Properties
FRP PROPERTIES
USE FRP SIF = YES 110
USE FRP FLEXIBILITY = YES 11
BS 7159 PRESSURE STIFFENING DESIGN STRAIN 121
FRP PROPERTY DATA FILE = CAESAR.FRP 122
AXIAL MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 3200000E+07 113
RATIO SHEAR MOD : AXIAL MOD = 2500000E+00 114
AXIAL STRAIN : HOOP STRESS 1527272E+00 115
FRP LAMINATE TYPE = THREE 116
FRP ALPHA = .1200000E+02 117
FRP DENSITY = .6000000E-01 118
EXCLUDE F2 FROM BENDING STRESS UKOOA NO 134
Plot Colors
PLOT COLORS
PIPES LIGHTCYAN 1
HIGHLIGHTS GREEN 2
LABELS GREEN 3
BACKGROUND BLACK 5
AXES LIGHTRED 15
HANGER/NOZZLES BROWN 16
RIGID/BENDS LIGHTGREEN 17
NODES YELLOW YELLOW 18
STRUCTURE LIGHTRED 31
DISPLACED SHAPE BROWN 30
STRESS > LEVEL 5 RED 24
STRESS > LEVEL 4 YELLOW 25
3-6 Technical Information
PLOT COLORS
STRESS > LEVEL 3 GREEN 26
STRESS > LEVEL 2 LIGHTCYAN 27
STRESS > LEVEL 1 BLUE 28
STRESS < LEVEL 1 DARKBLUE 29
STRESS LEVEL 5 .3000000E+05 19
STRESS LEVEL 4 .2500000E+05 20
STRESS LEVEL 3 .2500000E+05 21
STRESS LEVEL 2 .1500000E+05 22
STRESS LEVEL 1 .1000000E+05 23
Database Definitions
DATABASE DEFINITIONS
STRCT DBASE = AISC89.BIN 70
VALVE & FLANGE = CADWORX.VHD 90
EXPANSION JT DATABASE = PATHWAY.JHD 91
PIPING SIZE SPECIFICATION = ANSI 88
DEFAULT SPRING HANGER TABLE = 1 112
SYSTEM DIRECTORY NAME = SYSTEM 123
UNITS FILE NAME = .ENGLISH.FIL 124
LOAD CASE TEMPLATE = .LOAD.TPL 142
ENABLE ODBC OUTPUT NO 128
APPEND RE-RUNS TO EXISTING DATA NO 126
ODBC DATABASE NAME <NONE> 127
Chapter 3 Technical Information 3-7
Miscellaneous Computations
MISCELLANEOUS COMPUTATIONS
OUTPUT REPORTS BY LOAD CASE YES 87
DISPLACEMENT NODAL SORTING YES 89
DYNAMIC INPUT EXAMPLE TEXT MAX 94
TIME HIST ANIMATE YES 104
OUTPUT TABLE OF CONTENTS ON 105
INPUT FUNCTION KEYS DISPLAYED YES 106
MEMORY ALLOCATED 12 NA
USER ID " " NA
DISABLE _UNDO NO 128
3-8 Technical Information
List of Materials
The CAESAR II Material Table contains 17 different isotropic materials. Properties and allowed temperature
ranges for each isotropic material are listed below.
Material No. Material Name Elastic Modulus Poisson's Ratio Pipe Density lb./cu.in Temp. Range F
1 Low Carbon Steel 29.5 E6 0.292 0.28993 -325 1400
2 High Carbon Steel 29.3 E6 0.289 0.28009 -325 1400
3 Carbon Moly Steel 29.2 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
4 Low Chrome Moly Steel 29.7 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
5 Med Chrome Moly Steel 30.9 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
6 Austenitic Stainless 28.3 E6 0.292 0.28930 -325 1400
7 Straight Chromium 29.2 E6 0.305 0.28010 -325 1400
8 Type 310 Stainless 28.3 E6 0.305 0.28990 -325 1400
9 Wrought Iron 29.5 E6 0.300 0.28070 -325 1400
10 Grey Cast Iron 13.4 E6 0.211 0.25580 70 1000
11 Monel 67% Ni/30% Cu 26.0 E6 0.315 0.31870 -325 1400
12 K-Monel 26.0 E6 0.315 0.30610 -325 1400
13 Copper Nickel 22.0 E6 0.330 0.33850 -325 1400
14 Aluminum 10.2 E6 0.330 0.10130 -325 600
15 Copper 99.8% Cu 16.0 E6 0.355 0.32270 70 400
16 Commercial Brass 17.0 E6 0.331 0.30610 -325 1200
17 Leaded Tin Bronze 1 14.0 E6 0.330 0.31890 -325 1200
In addition CAESAR II supports material types 18 or 19 for cut short and cut long cold spring elements. Material
number 20 activates the CAESAR II Orthotropic Material Model (i.e., Fiber-glass reinforced plastic pipe); the
default coefficient of expansion is 12.0 E-6 in./in./F. Material 21 indicates user-defined properties. Material
numbers over 100 are from the Material Database and include the allowable stress and other piping code data.
Chapter 3 Technical Information 3-9
Restraints
CAESAR II stores restraint information on16 different restraint types.
Intersection Types
The table below displays intersection types used in CAESAR II.
Not a fitting
Modified pipe
Not a fitting
Modified pipe
Governed by B16.9
Usually expensive
For an animated tutorial on modeling bends, select the ANIMATED TUTORIALS option on the Help menu.
CH AP TER 4
In This Chapter
Nomenclature ................................................................................ 4-2
US Codes ....................................................................................... 4-4
International Codes ........................................................................ 4-8
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual.......................... 4-16
Additional COADE Software Programs........................................ 4-16
4-2 Code Stresses
Nomenclature
Unless specifically re-defined in a specific code section use the definition below to determine the meaning of the
defined terms.
Di internal diameter
Dm mean diameter
Do outer diameter
dT change in temperature
E elastic modulus
FAC FAC serves a number of purposes depending on which piping code it is associated with. Please refer to
the on-line help for more information.
Mi in-plane moment
Mo out-of-plane moment
Pi internal pressure
Pe external pressure
Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-3
Sa axial stress
Sb bending stress
Sl longitudinal stress
St torsion stress
Sy yield stress
- Poissons ratio
Following are the code stress equations for the actual and allowable stresses used by CAESAR II. For the listed
codes, the actual stress is defined by the left hand side of the equation and the allowable stress is defined by the
right hand side. The CAESAR II load case label is also listed after the equation.
Typically, the load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are sufficient for code compliance. However,
CAESAR II does not recommend occasional load cases. Occasional loads are unknown in origin and must be
specified by the user.
4-4 Code Stresses
US Code Stresses
Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp
Slp = PDo / 4tn Code approximation
Slp = PDi2 / (Do2 - Di2) Code exact equation, CAESAR II Default
B31.1
Sl = Slp + 0.75iMa/Z < Sh (SUS)
iMc/Z < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) - Sl] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75iMa / Z + 0.75iMb / Z < kSh (OCC)
B31.3
Sl = Slp + Fax/Am + Sb < Sh (SUS)
(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) Sl] (EXP)
Fax/Am + Sb + Slp < kSh (OCC)
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2} / Z
B31.4
Fully Restrained Pipe (FAC = 1.0):
FAC|EdT Shoop| + Shoop < 0.9 Sy (OPE)
Buried w/soil restraints modeled Only applies to OPE case if Slp + Fax/Am are compressive.
(FAC = 0.001):
Fax/Am Shoop + Sb + Shoop < 0.9 Sy (OPE)
Fully Above Ground (FAC = 0): Only applies to OPE case if Slp + Fax/Am are compressive.
Slp + Fax/Am + Sb + Shoop < 0.9Sy (OPE)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/Am)(1.0 FAC) < .75(.72)Sy (SUS)
2 2 1/2
(Sb + 4St ) < 0.72Sy (EXP)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/Am)(1.0 FAC) < 0.8Sy (OCC)
B31.4 Chapter IX
Hoop: Shoop < F1Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal: |Slp| < 0.8Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent: Se < 0.9Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
Se = 2{[(Slp Shoop)/2]2 + St }0.5
2
B31.5
Sl = Slp + Fax/Am +Sb < Sh (SUS)
(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) Sl] (EXP)
Fax/Am + Sb + Slp < kSh (OCC)
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2} / Z
4-6 Code Stresses
B31.8
Restrained Pipe: As defined in section 833.1
Straight Pipe:
Max(SL, SC) < 0.9SyT (OPE, SUS)
SL < 0.9SyT (OCC)
SC < SyT (OCC)
All other components:
SL < 0.9SyT (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Unrestrained Pipe: As defined in section 833.1
SL < 0.75SyT (SUS, OCC)
SE < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) SL (EXP)
Where:
SL = SP + Sx + SB
SP = 0.3Shoop
SP = 0.5Shoop Restrained Pipe
Unrestrained Pipe
Sx = R / A
SB = MB / Z
Straight pipe
SB = MR / Z
All other components
2 2 2 1/2
MR = [(.75iiMi) +(0.75ioMo) + Mt ]
MB = (Mi2 + Mo2)1/2
Sc = Maximum of |Shoop SL|
or
[SL SLShoop + Shoop ]1/2
2 2
SE = ME / Z
2 2 1/2
ME = [(0.75iiMi) +(0.75ioMo) + Mt]
Where Continued:
Sc = 0.33SU (In the allowables)
Sh = 0.33SUT (In the allowables)
Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-7
B31.8 Ch VIII
Hoop Stress: Shoop < F1SyT (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal: |SL| < 0.8Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent: Se < 0.9Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
F1 Hoop Stress Design Factor (Table A842.22)
T Temp. Derating Factor (Table 841.116A)
Shoop = (Pi Pe)D/2t
2 2
1/2
Se = 2{[(SL Shoop)/2] + Ss }
Note: The product of Sy and T must be entered in the SH field in the CAESAR II Input.
B31.11
Fully restrained pipe (FAC = 1.0):
FAC|EdT Shoop| + Shoop < 0.9 Sy (OPE)
Buried w/ soil restraints FAC = 0.001 Only applies to OPE case if in axial compression
Fax/Am Shoop + Sb + Shoop < 0.9Sy (OPE)
Fully above ground (FAC = 0.0): Only applies to OPE case if in axial compression
|Slp + Fax/Am| + Sb + Shoop < 0.9Sy (OPE)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/Am)(1.0 FAC) < 0.75(.72)Sy (SUS)
2 2 1/2
(Sb + 4St ) < 0.75Sy (EXP)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/Am)(1.0 FAC) < 0.88Sy (OCC)
GPTC
Slp + 0.75iMa / Z < Sy (OPE)
Slp + Sb < 0.75SyFt (SUS)
(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < 0.72Sy (EXP)
4-8 Code Stresses
CODETI
Sl = Slp + Fax/Am + Sb < Sh (SUS)
(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < f[1.25(Sl + Sh) Sl (EXP)
Slp + Fax/Am + iMA / Z + iMB / Z < kSh (OCC)
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2} / Z
Alternate Method: Config switch set to TRUE.
Sl = PDo/4t + 0.75iMA / Z < Sh (SUS)
iMC / Z < f[1.25Sc + 0.25Sh]Eh/Ec (EXP)
PDo/4t + 0.75iMA / Z + 0.75iMB / Z < kSh (OCC)
Note: There is a switch in Configure/Setup to select which method CAESAR II will use.
Canadian Z662
Fully restrained pipe (FAC = 1.0):
|EdT Shoop| + Shoop < 0.9SyT (OPE)
Buried w/ soil restraints (FAC = 0.001): Only if Fax/Am Shoop is compressive
|Fax/Am Shoop| + Sb + Shoop < SyT (OPE)
Fully above ground (FAC = 0.0): For OPE case only if Slp+Fax/Am is compressive
|Slp + Fax/Am| + Sb + Shoop < SyT (OPE)
0.5Shoop + Sb < SyFLT (SUS, OCC)
[Sb2 +4St2]1/2 < 0.72SyT (EXP)
Where:
F= Design Factor (clause 4.3.3.2)
L= Location Factor (clause 4.3.3.3)
T= Temperature Factor (4.3.3.5)
Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-9
Canadian Z662 Ch 11
Sh = (Pi Pe)D/2tmin if (D/t >20) < FTSy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Sh = (PiPe)(Do2+Di2)/(Do2-Di2) if(D/t < 20), tnominal < FTSy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Seq = (Sh2+Sl2-ShSl+3St2)0.5 use tnominal < FTSy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
F = Design Factor (Table 11.1)
T = Temperature Factor (Table 4.4)
Norwegian
SI = PDi2/Eff(Do2 Di2) + 0.75Ma/Z < Sh (SUS)
iMC / Z < Sh + Sr - Sl (EXP)
PmaxDi2/(Eff(Do2 Di2) + 0.75i(Ma + Mb) / Z < 1.2Sh (OCC)
Where:
Sr = min(1.25Sc + .25Sh, FrRs F2)
or The latter applies to temps > 370 C; 425 C
Fr(1.25R1 + 0.25R2) for Austenitic stainless steel
R2 Min(Sh, 0.367Rm)
Rm (Ultimate tensile strength at room temp)
FDBR
Sl = Slp + 0.75iMA / Z < Sh (SUS)
iMC / Z < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) Sl] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75iMA / Z + 0.75iMB / Z < kSh (OCC)
4-10 Code Stresses
BS 7159
If Sx is tensile:
2 2 1/2
(Sx + 4Ss ) < Sh (OPE)
If Sx is compressive:
S + xSx < EffSh (OPE)
UKOOA
ab(f2/r) + PDm / 4t < f1f2LTHS / 2.0 (OPE)
Where:
ab = Axial Bending Stress due to mechanical loads
f1 = Factor of Safety for 97.5% confidence limit, usually 0.85
f2 = System factor of safety, usually 0.67
r = a(0:1) / a(2:1)
a(0:1) = Long-term Axial Tensile Strength in absence of pressure load
a(2:1) = Long-term Axial Strength under only pressure loading
LTHS = Long-term Hydrostatic Strength (hoop stress allowable)
Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-11
EN-13480
Pcdo/4en + 0.75iMA/Z < kfn (SUS)
Pcdo/4en + 0.75iMA/Z + iMc/Z < fn+fa (EXP)
Pcdo/4en + 0.75iMA/Z + 0.75iMB/Z < kfn (OCC)
Alternate Option:
SbA = [(iiMi)2+(ioMo)2]1/2 / Z Due to Primary Loads
Sl = Pcdo/4en + SbA < kfn (SUS)
[Sb2 + 4St2]1/2 +Sl < fn + fh (EXP)
SbB = [(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2 / Z Due to Occasional Loads
Pcdo/4en + SbA + SbB < kfn (OCC)
4-12 Code Stresses
HPGSL
Sl = Slp +Fax/Am + Sb < Sh (SUS)
2 2 1/2
[Sb + 4St ] < f[1. 25(Sc + Sh) Sl] (EXP)
Fax/Am + Sb + Slp < kSh (OCC)
2 2 1/2
Sb = [(iiMi) + (ioMo) ] /Z
JPI
Sl = Slp + Fax/Am +Sb < Sh (SUS)
(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) Sl] (EXP)
Fax/Am + Sb + Slp < kSh (OCC)
PD8010 Part 1
Hoop Stress: Sh < eSy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se < 0.9Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
Sy = specified min yield strength
e = weld joint factor
2 2 2 2
Sh = P(Do + Di )/(Do - Di )
2 2 2 1/2
Se = [Sh + SL ShSL + 3St ]
St = MT/2Z + 2Fs/A
MT= torsional moment
Fs = shear force
Unrestrained:
SL = Slp +iM/Z
Restrained:
FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained):
SL = Sh - EdT
FAC = 0.001 (Buried w/soil restraints):
SL = Fax/Am +Sh(1-) + Sb
Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-13
PD8010 Part 2
Hoop Stress: Sh < fdhSy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se < fdeSy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
fdh = hoop stress design factor per Table 2.
fde = equivalent stress design factor per Table 2.
2 2 2 2
Sh = (Pe-Pi)(Do + Di )/(Do -Di )
Se = [Sh2 + SL2 ShSL + 3St2]1/2
St = Mt/2Z + iM/Z
SL = Slp + iM/Z
RCC-M C&D
Slp + 0.75iMa/Z < Sh (SUS)
iMC/Z < f[1.25(Sc+Sh) Sl] (EXP)
Slpmax + 0.75i(Ma+Mb)/Z < 1.2Sh (OCC)
ISO 14692
ISO 14692 requires that the sum of all hoop stresses (h, sum) and the sum of all axial stresses (a, sum)
be evaluated for all states of the piping system. CAESAR II will evaluate these stresses for stress
types OPE, SUS, and OCC. If the hoop stress is exceeded, the axial stress will not be reported.
Pipe:
Fully Measured Envelope: (hl(1,1) and al(1,1) input)
If:
h,sum < f2A1A2A3hl(2,1)
and if:
h,sum < f2A1A2A3hl(1,1)
then use:
a,sum < f2A1A2A3al(0,1) + (al(1,1) al(0,1))/hl(1,1) + h,sum
If:
h,sum > f2A1A2A3hl(1,1)
then use:
a,sum < f2A1A2A3al(1,1)+{[al(2,1) al(1,1)]/[hl(2,1)-hl(1,1)]}[h,sumf2A1A2A3hl(1,1)]
4-14 Code Stresses
a,sum = 2
Sum of all axial stresses {(ap + ab) + 4 }
2 1/2
h,sum = 2
Sum of all hoop stresses [h + 42]1/2
= Torsion Stress
h = Hoop Stress
4-16 Code Stresses
The benchmark jobs consist of comparisons to published data by ASME and the NRC. Additional test jobs
compare CAESAR II results to other industry programs.
For additional information on the Verification and Validation Manual, please contact the sales department at
sales.icas@intergraph.com.
CodeCalc - A program for the design or analysis of pressure vessel components. CodeCalc capabilities include:
analysis of tubesheets, rectangular vessels, flanges, nozzles, Zick Analysis, and the standard internal/external
thickness and pressure computations on heads, shells, and cones. API 579 calculations are also included.
PV Elite - A comprehensive program for the design or analysis of vertical and horizontal vessels. Pressure Vessel
Codes include ASME VIII-1 and VIII-2, PD: 5500 and EN-13445. PVElite includes all of the CodeCalc
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to PV Elite, PV Fabricator improves the workflow and reduces errors.
TANK - A program for the design or rerating of API-650/653 storage tanks. The program includes API 650
Appendices A, E, F, M, P, R, S, and V as well as API 653 Appendix B. Computations address: winds girders,
conical roof design, allowed fluid heights, and remaining corrosion allowance.
Index 1