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)) $ *$ '+,- ! .#$ % ! "#$ % ! ( (, * #$ %
$ *,/ 0* ! .#$ % 1,

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($ <$& 6 B ! 3 $ C D; ' + :' ) @ , A + & /'8$ 0 < = ( < !( 3
" E =' # FG H& , 3 A +E " $ . (I / A +
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/ $ L$ '$ M L$ N$ O& " =' # $PPQ 3 , 3 0 $1 A$ ! " $ $ :
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8 L$ 4 ! OU ) 3! '$ M L$ " ! (R3 ) ( ;R 'G , 3 T
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:' # ! 3 $ ) ! 8J / ! 8J O& :' ) Z SAPXYYY * C A +

% " 456$ 78) ! 9 )& 3 2

$% $ #"

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: $# 3 6 !$ 0 a0 , 3 = S 03 A + $ 'J, @
8 ;3 (I c 3 b ' ; ($J ! J) ! A +_ ($J S Q ! R (3 ! A '$ M L$ "
]% (I / ] ]A + ]0; $$ '$ M $ L$ N$ O& " /' ! G$ # $%$& ! 3 $ C * 3 ! J)
gfed, 3 3 G$ [ $ , ! = $GQ RJ A + 3 /' ; ! R (3 !H SQ / ) R S 03 A +
: => ,

+, * -$ $ ' ( ) *$ #&

]) ! K]# * < XlYY jfk ! K# 3 $CE iX f VA)h ) ' ; $ ( ;R 'G T

ETABS XYYY * ! . 3! : # 3 . (= J C C 3 $CW 3 ! K& VA) W 4 ACI mfl 3 C ! $3
n' [ @ 6 3 [ PQG3 :' ) Z SAPXYYY * V$ 2 !
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 #%&' $# " !

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] ] ! ]$ ] `]+ R ], ! $ ! o :' #s $# [ @ & J . P o :' ) # 6
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] ] ]3 $] C o :' Fy = uYYY(Kg/ cm ) P3 t N$ 8 <( F c q flY(Kg/ cm ) ! G '3 ;3o : ) 3 Z
: ) 3 & C ' 8 =' # 6 W 3 ! K& VA) a 83 ( ! ! 0 4 i Ch

=&*6 < ! ( ;< " %*:* ! ( ;< - "

%*:* ! ( +) 4( $ "
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: ) 3
 #%&' $# " !

B ( %C ) #A#&
om 8] ? ] ! ] ']$ M oX ? ] ]b F ] & of n ( R+ = $# 03 3 6 6 3 &
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! ( %*:* 8$*'( ? & % > :

D EC % %6 #"#A#&
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:'
B () G #&#F#&
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 #%&' $# " !

6 ; #:#F#&
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: ) # <$& VAG3 d 'J, $ }Y & '3 Q4 < A # / R & ($b & t t
- (H 8($ 8(; I( C/ J C #:

V$ =' R (3 * $ 0 $1 ! $ C * ^ ! :' ) Z 0 $1 A$3 ( A$ ! $ C !

! 8 3! A( 4 c' ) Z * K /' 0 $1 ! J $ 2 ! J '$ SAP XYYY * =
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:' # [ @ JC !$ V@ Z3 L [ @ ~ , 0 $1 ! 8 3
(push over) /, 6 - (H 8(; I( C/ #"#:
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/ ]) L] T$ ] `& V]@ Z3 ]0 $1 A$ V$ 2 ) Z ! K# > K /' E 8 $8 T$ `& V@ Z3 L
: ) 3 b
5K #"#"#:
n' ) Z ! K# > 0 $1 A$ $ C
(Elf) 5K #"#"#"#:
: ) 3 [ ;R * , = 3 [ ;R > Z * , 'R8 &" "

Wi hi
Fi = n
V
Wjhj
j =1

(Spec) 5K #&#"#"#:
kY <$ = 3 # 6 i A$3 ( R)h Z$ 0 A$3 ( V$ 2 V@ R ,! $ 9 (3d ! K#
: ) 3 [ ;R * , = 3 / ) '= G3 V$ 2 *, @
(Uniform) 5K #:#"#"#:
: ) 3 [ ;R * , = 3 i ;R , h 8A 0 & " ! K#
L( !6 7 M$ N *; #&#"#:
: ) 3 3 ) / $ ~ 5+ ! )L T$ `& V@ Z3
G](= T$ ] `& V]@ Z3 / G] ]F( ! ]23 ! ]$ * , ' J G VPZ3 /< N= ' + $
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] ]R :'] ] ] ] ]= . ]3 ] ] ] / ]) V]@ Z3 $ PMM VPZ3 P ) !^
: ) ) ) ( ! =' ). 3 P /! 8 3

;O #A

R ], ! ] ] ] ]) ! ] = # DQG3 / , 3 * t ! J (= d ;3 $ 2 [ R 23 ! (R3
: () 3 L$ 4 ;\ J 5 $
:'] # ] ' ; - ! (R3 ) D$QG J $; Z$ 4 / ;\ t ' LA ;R Aofk /[ R 23 ,
:' ) G C , !J iuh VA) =' ) Z !t " & " J ' ; !
 #%&' $# " !

] /* ] ] . [ ];R / $ ]& [ ;R t z R8 R8 A3 $$ $ ! 3' 23 , $ R, ' ; !

:' ) 4 iuoah VA) ) G! )

Ab@ Aa@
* ( $*/ 4) *'( > G =&*6 E F Ab@ %C*/ 4 7 #$ !% D'( ) *'( =&*6 E FAa@ B "
Uniform

1000
900
800
700
Base shear (ton)

600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Disp (cm)

=&*6 +) K Uniform J ) *.9 = ! (=/ I , , H "

- (H 8(; I( C/ J C D #F

: # 3 b L Q3 ! K# ! F '2 03 3 ! 0 $1 A$ !J$2 V@ B <Q

() G P $ #"#F
: 3 G iUNIFORM ) ! F '2 /' ; VR '$ M (2(3 ijh VA)
< ] ixh i}h . A]) _ #T ! [ Z 3 ! J K# ! '$ M ! J$(2(3 / '$ M L$ J 8 ;3 !
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: ( 3 3 @
84 2 Q C #&#F
](I O]& /gfed], 3 ]) ]$ N$ ]Z3 w ]03 ) 3N _ #T '$ M L$ $ L$ / A + 0; C' !
~ ] ] < ]= iXlYYh ]$ L]$ iXlYYh ]$ L]$ ! J$(2(3 ikh ilh ! J A) : C 3' A + 0; / $ L$ < = 3
 #%&' $# " !

iffh ifYh ! J A]) ]A + ]; R 23 B $(% :' ) b ' (A ! K# \ '2 '$ M L$ A + 0; $3

:' ) <
"# ! !

0.5 0.4
0.45
0.35
0.4
0.3
0.35
0.3 0.25
Elf Elf
Sa (g)

Sa (g)
0.25 Spec 0.2 Spec
Uniform Uniform
0.2
0.15
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.05 0.05

0 0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Sd (m) Sd (m)

) =&*6 +) ! ( = / I 8D F 47& 6 N " ) =&*6 K! (=/ I 8D F 47& 6 Q "

O 'P 8& J ) O 'P 8& J )

(Uniform) Performance Point=0.0982*1000*Pf*Q=131.46 mm (Uniform) Performance Point=0.1385*1000*Pf*Q=169.97mm

0.8 0.8

0.7 0.7

0.6 0.6
Demand
Demand
0.5 0.5 Capacity
Capacity
Demand(Re)
Sa(g)

Demand(Re)
Sa(g)

0.4 0.4

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0 0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45
Sd(m) Sd(m)

*.9 ) =&*6 +) ! ( % " 456$ + L " *.9 ) =&*6 K! (% " 456$ + M "
Uniform J ) Uniform J )

$ %&'( )* + , % -

225

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

25

0
ELF SPEC UNIFORM
Disp (mm) 199.65 213.9 169.96

"# $ %&'( )* + , % -

175

150

125

100

75

50

25

0
ELF SPEC UNIFORM
Disp (mm) 161.38 170.25 131.46
 #%&' $# " !

K! (% " 456$ % " R 47& 6 T "

2 D' 8& J ) ) =&*6

+) ! ( % " 456$ % " R 47& 6 "

2 D' 8& J ) ) =&*6

84 2 Q C > 8$ ((R; #:#F

: ]) ]3 C '] ]F [ ];R ]0; ] ]$6 ; A3 $$ /* ! ! 0; A + 0; A3 $$ R 23 O&
:' ) G L Q3 ! J K# ! [ ;R R , A3 $$ ifmh ifXh ! J A)
R8] ]A3 $$ ifjh ifuh ! J A) : R 23 [ ;R R8 A3 $$ 3 A +; [ ;R A3 $$ R 23 O&
R8 A3 $$ = N ) 3 , 3 J A) G3 :' ) < L Q3 ! J K# ! ' ; ' ; VR [ ;R
: ( 3' ;3 G$ Spec ! K# ! F ;3 = Uniform ! K# ! F /i* . [ ;R ^ h[ ;R

.$ %&'( )* + $/ 0 !1+2,% -

10
9
8

7
6 Spec
Story

5 Elf

4 Uniform

3
2
1
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Disp (mm)

.$ %&'( )* + $/ "# 0 !1+2,% -

10
9
8

7
6 Spec
Story

5 Elf

4 Uniform

3
2
1
0
0 50 100 150 200
Disp (mm)

= =&*6 +) ! ( 2 6 F $: " R " = =&*6 K! (26F $: " R "

A% " 456$ %@ O 'P 8& J ) A% " 456$ %@ O 'P 8&S J )
 #%&' $# " !

"# 0 ! 1 3+ , % - 0 ! 1 3+ , % -

10 10
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6 Spec
Spec

Story
Story

5 Elf 5 Elf
Uniform Uniform
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
Drift Ratio % Drift Ratio %

) =&*6 +) ! ( 2 6 F 7$ " R H " ) =&*6 K! (26F 7$ " R B "

O 'P 8& J ) O 'P 8& J )

- (H 8($ I( C/ #S

. ] 3 ]= qY ' iHilber- Hunges- Talor HHT )" SapXYYY * 3 %Q 0 $1 A$3 ( ! J $ 2 !

S ]) ] ]3 ]%Q ]0 $1 ! ]J $ 2 * ^ 'J, :' # Z / ) 3 qYpXj q Ypj /W 3 S ) /? 3 $ "
=' ! F J)F S )SQ = ) # 6 V$^(3 1 /OR ! J ) F S ) :' ) Z ') F
], ] 03 ]3 ;0(3 JC A3 = ) $3 ) ! JGR(, G3 / $3 ) <R(, * Z$ & 8 = ! 23 r 2
]= [ ]Z ] ] / (]) ]3 ]0 $1 A$ ] $ ]C = V@ Z3 / 0 $1 A$3 ( $ C = T$ `& V@ Z3 :
A$] ' $ Q ! 3 = )*^ 0 ! ! / # 3 ! ) 3 0 $1 $ 5+ = 3 F(
: K# R3 F / ) 3 V3 = !
8($ 8(; - (H I( C/ > C 8$ ((R; ' I+ $ $ #"#S
V ] ]= ! ]3 w]R ] :'] ]) * ]^ 0 $1 A$ $ C ! J , . (= 'J, 0 $1 A$3 ( $ C / ;3
/ ]0 $1 A$ ] $ ]C ) # 6 ! ! F $3 8 3/ , A + 0; $$ ! , 3! ! 8J
]0 $1 A$ ] ! ]J $ 2 B ] = ' # ^$ 3/ #[ @! 8 ;3 K : ) # 6 Spec Uniform ! F
Z ] Spec ] ! ]F ! ]J , ] ] ]A + ]0; $]$ ! ] ]( c '] T 0 $1 A$3 ( ! J , Spec ! F
:gme ) 3
84 2 #&#S
]$ 3 ] , : Z Spec Uniform ! F > '8 3 A$ $ C A + ! ) Z# = 0
]A + ] ]3 / ]3C ' R8 A3 $$ N =3 ;3 $ gue , 3 ! ! 8J V $8Z A + 0; . (=
:' ) C iXh . , = C'
! (% " ( ) > :
' ; VR ' ;
d Spec Uniform Spec Uniform
'Z N =3 YpkkX Ypk}u Ypllj Yp}Y}
. (= Ypj<YpkkX<fpj Ypj<Ypllj<fpj
LS i , ( h LS i , ( h
A +
(Life Safety) (Life Safety)
 #%&' $# " !

'] ; ! 8]J V ] XlYY / ] C ! ] ]3 $] C ] $ 3E =' ; VR = ' # ^$ 3y . , ,

t] A +' ' ; ' # ^$ 3 $(% .i , ( h ( 8 8A A + a0 ! /' )
:' '=

(K U( C #T

]= '8]( V$ ] ] ] ) ^ , t ' 8 '$ M ! J$(2(3 ' ; = ' # ^$ 3 '$ M ! J$(2(3 , of

] ]= N ]$# ]3 ^$ J$(2(3 $(% oX :' ) A + a0 t '3 ;3 < + / ) ' ; "
]= '8]( ]( G] = C 3 ' ' ; VR R , A3 $$ = /' ; R , A3 $$ / 8A &" ~
B ] zt ]= ']Z# ] ]3 ] ]A + ] B ] , om :' < / ) 4 /' ; Q
] = ]0 $1 A$3 ]( $ ]C N = ]3 ]A3 ]$$ /'] ; VR z $ \ : ( 8$ N T $ A$ A$3 ( ! $ C
']$ 3 V$ ] ] ]3 > ]4 3 ] :'] OA ] $5] ] ' ; A$ c' A$ $ C [ ;R R8 A3 $$ N =3
N]= ! ]0 ' [ ;R R8 A3 $$ = ) t ! 3 = $# zt G & J)F S ) 8 =
($G]$ '] ; ] ] * ];R R8 A3 $$ ($G$ /' ; VR iDrifth R8 A3 $$ ! J$(2(3 ou : = C
]4 '] /'] ];R 'G] ! J ] Drift ! J$(2(3 ! 3 VA) = * ' :' y Z NG) ;R R8 A3 $$
:' . ;R ) =

=< $ #V

: , 3 ! J ! ! 8J V :ifmlf 3 h/ (J3 () $ FG H& :f

:, 3 3 o J i Ch 3 $ C ifmxlh / $3 ( 3 :X
/ ]) ] () = ]3 ] & /']$ M L]$ " ! ](R3 ] ) ( ;R 'G ! ! 8J / $^3 /! 23 :m
:fml}/ 3 ( * + FG
: , 3 ! J ! ! 8J V $8Z :ifmlf 3 J3h / (J3 () $ FG H&:u
j. Ghobarah Ahmed, "Performance- Based Design in Earthquake Engineering: State of Development",
Engineering Structures, Vol Xm, pp lxl- llk, XYYf.
}. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings: FEMA
Xxm, fkkl.
x. Applied Technology Council. Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit Buildings: Report ATC-uY, November fkk}.