MULTIFUNCTION PROTECTION &

CONTROL RELAY
DRAGON 1 series
DISTRIBUTION GRIDS and
INDUSTRIAL OBJECTS
ROCON plc DRAGON 1
Catalogue

1. General information Main or backup protection and

control for HV and MV network
Applicable for all types of Neutral
Company ROCON provides modern
earthing (isolated, compensated,
solutions for Power Transmission &
resistance or solid earthed);
Distribution networks, comprising wide
Suitable for Distribution Utilities,
range of world-class numerical
Industry, Transport and Distributed
protection relays, bay control units
Generation (Wind farms, Solar parks
(BCU), Substation automation systems
etc.).
(SASs) and Dispatch centers.
The great focus today is high-quality
cost-effective Intelligent Electronic 3. Standard configurations
Devices (IEDs), which assists power
producers and distributors to get the DRAGON 1 offers 6 basic types:
best from their plants and networks. 3.1 Feeder Protection Relay RFI 4xx_D1
A new member of ROCON IEDs family RFI 401_D1 Directional
is series DRAGON 1, which combines a Overcurrent and Earth fault
lot of State of the art decisions in a Protection Relay
single IED. RFI 411_D1 Overcurrent and
Simple, cost-effective design with Directional Earth fault Protection
fully integration of all necessity Relay
protection, control and monitoring RFI 421_D1 Non-directional
functions; Overcurrent and Earth fault
Configuration and settings via Protection Relay
portable PC and MS Windows 3.2 Line Differential Protection Relay
compatible service MMI program RLI 402_D1
(one program for all types); 3.3 Transformer Differential Protection
Local HMI through the front panel Relay RTI 402_D1
keypad, LEDs and LCD display; 3.4 Motor Differential Protection Relay
Communication with the upper RMI 402_ D1
level of SAS through LAN and 3.5 Motor Protection Relay RMI 4xx_D1
electric/fiber optic cables; RMI 401_D1 Directional
ommunication protocols and Overcurrent/Earth fault and Motor
interfaces according to the IEC Protection Relay
standards including IEC 61850 and RMI 421_D1 Non-directional
GOOSE . Overcurrent/Earth fault and Motor
Protection Relay
2. Application 3.6 Voltage protection Relay REA421D1
Dragon 1 series include also possibility
for Remote Terminal Blocks (RTB) with
DRAGON 1 provides a lot of protection
additional BIs and BOs.
functions with a great variety of
applications:

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4. Technical data

RMI402 D1

RMI401 D1

RMI421 D1

REA421 D1
RTI402 D1
RFI401 D1

ANSID1
RFI421 D1

RLI402 D1
ANSI

RFI411
Technical data

1 Protection
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1.1 Non-directional Definite time 50

Overcurrent - 3 stages
1.2 Non-directional Definite time 50N

Earth fault protection - 3* stages
1.3 Non-directional Inverse time- 51

Overcurrent 12 curves
1.4 Non-directional Inverse time Earth 51N
fault protection 10 standard
curves
1.5 Directional definite time 67

Overcurrent protection 3 stages
1.6 Directional definite time Earth 67N

fault protection 3 stages
1.7 Directional inverse time 67
Overcurrent protection - 10
standard curves
1.8 Directional Inverse time Earth fault 67N

protection - 12 curves
1.9 Three phase multi-shot 79

Autoreclose
1.10 Wattmetric/Varmetric power earth 67Ns

fault protection
1.11 Conductance/Susceptance earth 21YN

fault protection
1.12 Transient earth fault protection 67

NIEF
1.13 Intermittent earth fault protection 67

NIEF
1.14 High harmonics content earth

fault protection
1.15 Thermal overload protection 49

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RMI402 D1

RMI401 D1

RMI421 D1

REA421 D1
RTI402 D1
RFI401 D1

RFI411 D1

RFI421 D1

RLI402 D1
ANSI
Technical data

1 Protection
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1.16 Negative sequence overcurrent 46

protection
1.17 Definite time undercurrent 37

monitoring
1.18 Neutral voltage displacement 59G

protection 3 stages
1.19 ARC protection
1.20 Group Instantaneous overcurrent

protection
1.21 Phase discontinuity detection I2/I1 46PD
1.22 Breaker failure protection 50BF
1.23 Cold load pick-up
1.24 Second harmonic blocking

(Inrush restraint)
1.25 Undervoltage protection 3(2*) 27

stages
1.26 Overvoltage protection 3(2**) 59

stages
1.27 Negative sequence overvoltage 47O

2 stages
1.28 Positive sequence undervoltage 47U+

2 stages
1.29 Voltage Vector shift protection
1.30 Underfrequency protection 4 81U

stages.
1.31 Overfrequency protection 4 81O

stages.
1.32 Rate of change of frequency 81R

(RoCoF) protection 4 stages
1.33 Starting time supervision 48

protection
1.34 Loss of load protection 2 stages
1.35 Number of starts limitation 66

protection
1.36 Stalled rotor protection 51LR
1.37 Cooling system failure protection
1.38 Directional overpower protection
32O

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Catalogue

RMI402 D1

RMI401 D1

RMI421 D1

REA421 D1
RTI402 D1
RFI401 D1

RFI411 D1

RFI421 D1

RLI402 D1
ANSI
Technical data

1 Protection 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.39 Directional underpower 32U

protection
1.40 Motor differential protection*** 87M
1.41 Transformer differential 87T

protection***
1.42 Low Impedance restricted Earth 87N
fault protection
1.43 Line differential protection 87L
1.44 User defined logical functions
1.45 Setting groups 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2 Monitoring and control
2.1 Circuit-breaker life time
monitoring
2.2 Current circuit symmetry 87

monitoring
2.3 Fuse failure monitoring 60
2.4 Voltage circuit supervision
2.5 Trip circuit supervision TC74
2.6 Minimum and maximum values

monitoring
2.7 local/remote control
2.8 Interlocking
2.9 Lockout logic 86
2.10 Clockwise and anticlockwise

phase rotation
2.11 Synchronism/energizing check 25
2.12 Signalization
3 Measurement and
calculation
3.1 Phase current true RMS
st
3.2 Fundamental (1 harmonic)

current
3.3 Residual current 3Io
3.4 Current in the neutral
3.5 Positive sequence current I1
3.6 Negative sequence current I2
nd
3.7 2 harmonic current
th
3.8 THD up to 19 harmonic - 2kHz

sampling rate
3.9 Phase voltage true RMS

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RMI 402 D1

RMI 401 D1

RMI 421 D1

REA421 D1
RTI 402 D1
RFI 401 D1

RFI 411 D1

RFI 421 D1

RLI 402 D1
ANSI
Technical data

Measurement and
calculation
3.10 Phase to phase voltage true RMS
st
3.11 Fundamental (1 harmonic)

voltage
3.12 Positive sequence voltage U1
3.13 Neutral Voltage displacement 3Uo
3.14 Negative sequence voltage U2
3.15 Frequency f
3.16 Rate of change of frequency df/dt
3.17 P, Q, S and Ep, Eq
3.18 Current - voltage angle

4 Recorders
4.1 Event and fault recorder
4.2 Disturbance recorder
5 Additional functions
5.1 PC-based configuration & settings
Man Machine interface (MMI)
program
5.3 Time Synchronization data

channel
5.4 Self-supervision with internal

event list
6 Hardware **
6.1 Power supply 24 220VDC
-20% +10%
48 240VAC -20% + 10%
6.2 Phase Current inputs 1A, 5 A
3/2 2 3/2 3 3 3 3 3
0.1 40 In
6.3 Residual/neutral current input
Range 1()0.140 Ion - 5A, 1A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Range 2() 0.01 1.6 Ion 5A, 1A
6.4 Voltage inputs - 57.7/63.5 V , 3 3 3
100/110 V (ph-ph)
6.5 Residual Voltage input 3Uo/Ubus,
1 1
100/110 V
6.6 Binary inputs 5 5 10 10 10 5 5
24 - 220 - 30% +20% VDC 2mA 21 21
21 21 21 21 21 21
and VAC (optional)
6.7 Binary outputs (electromechanical 4 4 8 8 8 4 4
12 12
relays) 16 16 16 16 16 16

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Catalogue

RMI 402 D1

RMI 401 D1

RMI 421 D1

REA421 D1
RTI 402 D1
RFI 411 D1
RFI 401 D1

RFI 421 D1

RLI 402 D1
ANSI
Technical data

6 Hardware **
6.8 Real time clock
6.9 LAN communication interface -
via Optical Ethernet 100BASE-FX
FX ST FO MM1300 nm
6.10 LAN communication interface -
via Optical Ethernet 100BASE-FX +

100BASE-FX 2xST FO MM1300nm,
suitable for PRP redundancy
6.11 LAN communication interface
with internal switch - via Optical
Ethernet 100BASE-FX + 100BASE-

FX 2xST FO MM1300 nm,
intended for HSR/RSTP
redundancy
6.12 LAN communication interface via

electrical RS485
6.13 Optical interface for RTBs MM 820

nm
6.14 Optical front interface for portable

PC connection
6.15 Keypad and 2x16 digits LCD

display
6.16 LED indication 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
6.17 Dimensions 170/218/59,2 mm
6.18 Weight 0.8 kg
7 LAN Communication
protocols
7.1 IEC 61850
7.2 IEC 60870-5-103
7.3 MODBUS
8 Remote Terminal RTB RTB RTB RTB RTB RTB RTB
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Blocks RTB ****
standard function
optional function
** RFI 401_D1 and RMI 401_D1 over/undervoltage protection are with 2 stages
***Every set of Transformer and Motor differential protection includes two separate
devices DRAGON1. The slave allows to be completed (optionally) with RTB1.
**** RTB1 provides additionally 16 BI and 12 BO
RTB1 21, 17 - the device and the number of DI/DO in a blue color are optional

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5. Main functions (RCA). The basic conditions for the

DRAGON 1 comprised a lot of different
functions that enlarge its application
and flexibility.
Protection and protection
related functions
Monitoring, control and
annunciation
Measurement and calculation
Recording
Communication
Redundancy protocols
5.1 Protection functions
5.1.1. Non-directional three phase
overcurrent/earth fault protection ANSI
50/50N/51/51N
Three independent stages are available
either for phase and earth fault
protection. For each of them the user
can independently select definite time
delay (DT).
The third stage can be configured as
an instantaneous protection with peak
values detection.
There is a separate possibility for
inverse time delay (IDMT) with 12
different types of curves (IEC,
IEEE/ANSI and user defined).
5.1.2 Directional three phase
overcurrent / earth fault protection
ANSI 67/67N
Each of the three-phase overcurrent/
earth fault stages can be independently
configured as directional protection
and with specific characteristic angle
directional mode are:
Phase/residual voltage
Uph/3Uo is above the threshold;
Phase/residual current Iph/3Io is
above the threshold;
The direction of the calculated
phase/residual power is in
forward direction (in case of
forward settings).
5.1.3 Three phase multi-shot
Autoreclose (AR) ANSI 79
DRAGON 1 includes up to 6-shots
three phase AR. There are two main
conditions for AR function starting
internal/external protection activation
or status discrepancy between Circuit
breaker and its Control switch. Each of
the preliminary set protection functions
can be used as a start condition of the
AR.
5.1.4 Directional sensitive (Wattmetric /
Varmetric) power earth fault protection
(PEFP) ANSI 67Ns
The function is operating as an active
power relay for compensated or a
capacitive power relay for isolated
networks.
PGFP evaluates the direction by using
the analogue values for 3Uo and 3Io.
The PEFP function can be set according
to the type of the network earthing
(isolated or compensated network).
The options are:
Active power relay for
compensated networks and
options: (180) or (0) max
sensitivity angle;

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Reactive power relay for isolated
networks and options: (90) or (-
90) max sensitivity angle;
5.1.5 Conductance / Susceptance earth
fault protection ANSI 21YN
Earth faults in isolated and
compensated networks are often
occurs and are complicated for
identification especially in case of high
resistance earth faults.
The conductance and susceptance
algorithms are intended respectively
for compensated and isolated
networks and are more efficient in case
of high-resistance earth faults.
The applied in DRAGON 1 adaptive
algorithm is especially suitable for the
systems with considerable unbalance
(for 3I0, 3Uo) during normal operation.
5.1.6 Transient earth fault protection
(TGFP) ANSI 67NIEF
TFGP function is dedicated to operate
in case of transient earth faults
occurring in distribution networks. It is
suitable mainly for isolated and
compensated networks.
Earth faults generate transients in
currents and voltages. There are
several factors that affect the
magnitude and frequency of these
transients, such as the fault moment
regarding the voltage wave, fault
location, fault resistance and the
parameters of the feeders and the
supplying transformers. The voltage of
the faulty phase decreases and the
corresponding capacity is discharged
into the earth. The voltages of the
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healthy phases increase and the related
capacityes are charged.
If the fault is permanent (non-transient)
in nature, only the initial fault transient
in the current and voltage is important
for measuring.
The initial transient in the faulted
feeder is characterized with very short
and high peak values spikes of residual
current (3Io) and voltage (3Uo). The
transient earth fault protection is
realized through the the residual
current and voltage measurement and
the transients of 3Io and 3Uo analyzing
with predefined criteria. The
measurement is realized with a very
high sampling rate of 4kHz.
5.1.7 Intermittent Earth fault protection
(IGFP) ANSI 67NIEF
This function is intended to detect
faults which are provoked by the
deterioration of HV cable insulation
either due to mechanical stress or to
insulation material aging where water
or moisture penetrates into the cable
insulation. This can lead to the
insulation voltage withstand reduction
and to series of cable insulation
breakdowns. ITGF is suitable
compensated network. The
intermittent phenomena are
characterized with very short transients
of rapid changes in form of spikes in
residual current (3Io) and in residual
voltage (3Uo).
The function uses measured values of
3Io and 3Uo and detects repeatedly
transients through the predefined
criteria.
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Catalog

The measurement is realized with a The function detects unbalance load or

very high sampling rate of 4 kHz. fault conditions unprotect from
overheating caused by the negative
5.1.8 High harmonics content earth sequence current at asymmetrical
fault protection (HHGF) mode of operation, due to
The function is intended in particular asymmetrical power supply, internal
for earth fault detection in faults or faults close to the neutral
compensated and isolated networks. point. The function operates with
It can be applied for a protection of the definite time delay characteristics.
overhead lines as well as for
underground cables. 5.1.11 Definite time undercurrent
The main feature is that starting the monitoring (DTUC) ANSI 37
faulty feeder and blocking the DTUC is mainly designed to detect
remaining feeders are provoked by the abnormal difference between
dominant THD criteria. measured phase currents. The
The function has two modes of protection function is suitable for
operation: detection of CB failure and line
Single mode conductor disconnection which reflects
Group mode in a great difference of phase currents.
The activation of the function is The protection function is organized
depending on two start conditions - with logical current elements,
3Uo above the set value or dedicated operating as a conventional phase
binary input in ON position. current relays.
The trip delay timer is with inverse time
characteristics (IDMT). The 5.1.12 Neutral voltage displacement
measurement is realized with a high protection (NVD) ANSI 59G
sampling rate of 2 kHz. The Neutral voltage displacement
function is designed mainly for earth
5.1.9 Thermal overload protection fault identification in isolated and
(TOL) ANSI 49 compensated medium voltage
The function protects from overheating networks. The function is realized with
in overload condition. It creates a three completely separate and
thermal model of the object (motor, independent stages, i. e. each stage is
cable), based on its heating and separate functional module with its
cooling thermal time constants and own settings, configuration
uses an exponential low of thermal parameters, internal variables and
status changing. process points.

5.1.10 Negative sequence overcurrent 5.1.13 ARC protection

protection (NSOC) ANSI 46 The arc protection detects arc/light in
the air insulated switchgears which are

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caused by human errors during
maintenance or insulation breakdown
during operation.
The function detects arc/light through
dedicated binary input which is
energized from the output of the
external arc/light detector. The arc
protection also monitors
simultaneously phase and neutral
currents. The user can select either
"Binary Input +current" or "Binary input
only" mode of operation.
5.1.14 Group Instantaneous
overcurrent protection (GIOC)
The function is mainly intended for
application in isolated and
compensated networks where it is not
necessary to trip the feeder in case of
single earth fault detection.
This protection function is additional to
the standard IOC and is intended for
the special cases, when a single earth
fault is growing to double in the
different feeders. In this situation it is
not necessary to trip the both feeders
and is more effective to switch off only
the feeder with the second earth fault.
5.1.15 Phase discontinuity detection
I2/I1 ANSI 46PD
The function is mainly designed for
detection of phase discontinuity
(broken conductor) in the primary
circuits and can gives better sensitivity
and stability compared to the negative
phase sequence overcurrent protection
because it uses the ratio of negative to
positive sequence currents which is
relatively constant in case of load
changes. The function is suitable for
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overhead lines and underground
cables.
5.1.16 Breaker failure protection (BFP)
ANSI 50BF
The breaker failure protection function
monitors the reaction of a circuit
breaker to a trip signal. The trip
command can be issued by an external
protection device or by an internal
protection function. The breaker failure
protection function can be initiated by
a trip command. If the circuit breaker is
not in open status after a
programmable delay time, breaker
failure protection issues a second trip
command.
5.1.17 Cold load pick-up (CLP)
With the CLP function pick-up and
delay settings of the directional/non-
directional overcurrent/earth fault
protection can be temporary changed.
It may be necessary dynamically to
increase the pick-up values if during
starting and for a short time thereafter,
the system have an increased power
consumption after a long period of
zero voltage. Thus a raise of pick-up
thresholds can be avoided by taking
into consideration such starting
conditions. It is possible to change
temporary pick-up thresholds and
delay times only for preliminary
defined internal protection functions.
5.1.18 Second harmonic blocking
(Inrush restraint
The protection function is organized
with logical current elements,
operating as a conventional phase
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current relays. The pick-up logic,
checks for the presence of Isec/Ifirst
current ratio above the permissible
threshold (Level detector).
Current element picking-up causes the
activation of the logical output Block
which is intended to block temporary
the respective internal protection
tripping output.
5.1.19 Undervoltage protection
ANSI 27
The undervoltage protection is suitable
for the detection of voltage collapses
mainly in the transmission lines and in
the electrical machines. This function is
basic for DRAGON 1 and is realized
with three completely separate and
independent stages, i. e. each stage is
separate functional module with its
own settings, configuration parameters
and internal variables.
5.1.20 Overvoltage protection ANSI 59
The overvoltage protection is mainly
designed for detection of high voltage
levels which are over predefined limits.
The overvoltage protection is suitable
for the detection of high voltage levels
which are dangerous for the isolation
of the primary equipment. The function
is realized with three completely
separate and independent stages, i. e.
each stage is separate functional
module with its own settings,
configuration parameters and internal
variables.
5.1.21 Negative sequence overvoltage
(NSOV) ANSI 47O
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The negative sequence overvoltage
protection is designed for detection of
voltage values Uneg over predefined
limits.
The function is used to detect
abnormal unbalance conditions. NSOV
is suitable mainly for protection of
electrical machines.
The voltage unbalance often occurs
due to broken conductors or
asymmetrical loads and is
characterized by the appearance of a
negative-sequence component of the
voltage. In rotating machines, the
voltage unbalance provokes a current
unbalance, which heats the rotor of the
machine. If the machine has its own
current unbalance protection, the
NSOV can be applied as a backup
protection or it can be used as an
alarm.
The function is realized with two
completely separate and independent
stages, i. e. each stage is separate
functional module with its own
settings, configuration parameters,
internal variables and process points.
5.1.22 Positive sequence undervoltage
(PSUV) ANSI 47U+
The PSUV is used to detect positive
sequence undervoltage conditions
mainly in the lines connecting power
plant with the power system at the
respectively voltage level.
PSUV is mainly used to protect small
power generation plants through its
isolation from a fault line when the
fault current fed by the plant is too low
to start an overcurrent function but
high enough to maintain the arc. Fast
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isolation of all the fault current sources
is necessary for a successful
autoreclose with the network-end
circuit breaker.
The positive-sequence undervoltage is
also available during asymmetrical
faults. It is more appropriate criterion
for detecting the risk of loss of
synchronism than, for example, the
lowest phase to phase voltage.
Motor stalling and failure to start can
also lead to a continuous undervoltage.
For that reason the positive sequence
undervoltage can be applied as a
backup protection against the motor
stall condition.
PSUV is realized with two separate and
independent stages, i. e. each stage is
separate functional module with its
own settings, configuration
parameters, internal variables and
process points.
5.1.23 Voltage Vector shift protection
(VVS)
The voltage vector shift protection is
designed to detect rapid changes in
the vector of the phase voltages during
system failure.
This function provides anti-islanding
grid connection protection. It is
suitable in cases of genset (wind farm,
solar park etc.) disconnection from the
power system.
When an island occurs the sudden load
change is observed and the waveform
of the voltage is changed. The function
measures the cycle duration. A new
measuring is started at each voltage
zero passage. The measured cycle
duration is internally compared with a
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quartz stable reference time and from
this the deviation of the cycle duration
of the voltage signal is ascertained.
In case of a vector shift the zero
passage occurs either earlier or later.
The established deviation of the cycle
duration is in compliance with the
vector shift angle.
5.1.24 Underfrequency protection
(DTUF) ANSI 81U
DTUF is mainly designed to protect
network against the abnormal low
frequency condition. DTUF is applicable
in all situations where a reliable
detection of a low fundamental voltage
frequency is needed. The low
fundamental frequency in the power
system indicates that the generated
power is too low to meet the demands
of the load connected to the power
grid. As a result, the system can be split
into two parts and one of them can
have an excess load and the other -
deficit. DTUF uses the positive
sequence voltage to measure the
frequency reliably and accurately.
DTUF is realized with four separate and
independent stages, i. e. each stage is
separate functional module with its
own settings, configuration parameters
and internal variables.
5.1.25 Over frequency protection
(DTOF) ANSI 81O
The overfrequency function is mainly
designed to protect network against
the abnormal high frequency
conditions. DTOF is applicable in all
situations where a detection of a high
fundamental voltage frequency is
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needed. The deviation of the frequency
from the rated system frequency
indicates unbalance between the
generated power and the load
demand. If the available generation is
too much compared to the
consumption by the load connected to
the power system, then the system
frequency is above the rated value. The
over-frequency protection function is
usually applied to decrease generation.
Another possible application is the
detection of unintended island
operation of distributed generation
and some consumers. In the island,
there is low probability that the
generated power is the same as
consumption and the detection of high
frequency can be an indication for
island mode of operation.
DTOF is realized with four separate and
independent stages, i. e. each stage is
separate functional module with its
own settings, configuration parameters
and internal variables.
5.1.26 Rate of change of frequency
protection (RoCoF) ANSI 81R
RoCoF protection is intended in case
when the rapid change of the
fundamental power system voltage
frequency should be detected. The
frequency gradient can be used for
both increasing and decreasing
phenomena.
This function often in combination with
underfrequency protection provides
load shedding, generator shedding and
generator boosting, especially in
smaller power systems where the loss
of a large generator requires quick
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actions to secure the power system
integrity.
RoCoF is realized with four separate
and independent stages, i. e. each
stage is separate functional module
with its own settings, configuration
parameters and internal variables.
5.1.27 Starting time supervision
protection (STS) ANSI48
Starting time supervision function is
intended to protect the motor from
too long starting process. The function
supervises the motor status and
detects the current at the time of
movement, the beginning of the
starting process and monitors its
duration.
High voltage motors can quickly be
heated above their thermal limits if the
duration of the starting attempt is too
long due to excessive voltage dips
during motor starting, excessive load
torques, or blocked rotor conditions.
STS can be used to supplement the
overload protection.
5.1.28 Loss of load protection (LLP)
The protection is suitable for detection
of sudden loss of load due to the
disconnection or the coupling
mechanism failure. This situation has to
be stoped becauce of the possibility to
damage the coupling mechanism or to
create the problems in the
technological process.
5.1.29 Number of starts limitation
protection (NSL) ANSI66
NSL is mainly designed to detect
abnormal conditions connected with
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the motor overtemperature process.
The temperature is the main variable
for the functional algorithm. The
function controls if there is a trip
command from any of preliminary set
internal protection functions and when
some of them is sending a trip
command the algorithm checks if the
temperature is above the set Pick-up
level. The function protects the motor
against the overtemperature above the
limit after several consecutive start
attempts.
5.1.30 Stalled rotor protection (SLP)
ANSI51LR
The function protects the motor
against the overtemperature above the
limits after successful starting and
consecutive stalling.
High-voltage motors can quickly be
heated above their thermal limits if the
rotor is stalled due to the excessive
load torques, or mechanical blocking
conditions.
In case of stalling the stator windings
draw large currents which cause the
rise of its temperature. The stalling also
causes the increasing of the rotor
temperature due to the reduced speed.
5.1.31 Cool system failure protection
(CFP)
CFP is mainly designed for detection of
abnormal conditions connected with
the motor cooling system. The function
protects the motor against the
overtemperature above the limits after
cooling system failure.
The algorithm is active only in case of
Motor running. The algorithm controls
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the status of a dedicated binary input.
The input activation means that the
cooling system is failed. After that the
trip delay timer is started.
5.1.32 Directional over/under power
protection (DOP/DUP) ANSI32/37
The function is operating as an
apparent, active or reactive directional
power relay. The directional overpower
protection DOP can be used for
generator protection against delivering
an excessive power beyond the
generator's capacity to the grid,
against the generator running like a
motor, against the motor running like a
generator and protecting the motor
which consumes more reactive power
due to loss of field. DOP can also be
used in case of Distribution Generation
to indicate an islanding condition.
5.1.33 Motor differential protection
(MDP) ANSI 87M
The operation principle includes a
differential protection with bias
characteristics as a setting.
The MDP is design to protect
generators and motors. The function is
normaly used as a main protection
against all types of short circuits and is
independent from the type of the
neutral earthing.
There are separate differential relays
for each side of the motor and
separate logical differential relays for
each of the three phases.
The protection function calculates
differential currents as a vector sum of
the instant values by respective phase
current values measured by the
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protection devices mounted on each
end of the motor.
Bias currents are calculated as a modul
sum of the measured phase currents.
One of the devices is defined as a
Master. This device compares
measured and received values at the
both ends of the motor. If the
difference is bigger than the set value -
protection will start to operate. All
calculations of the motor differential
function are phase selective.
The instantaneous stage differential
protection serves as a differential
protection without bias characteristic -
a very fast clearance of severe faults
with a high differential current
regardless of their harmonics. The
algorithm includes current transformer
saturation detector.
5.1.34 Transformer differential
protection (TDP) ANSI 87T
The Transformer differential protection
is design to protect two winding
transformers and generator-
transformer blocks. The function is
normaly used as a main protection
against all types of short circuits and is
independent from the type of the
neutral earthing.
There are separate differential relays
DRAGON 1 for each side of the
transformer and separate logical
differential relays for each of the three
phases.
The protection function calculates
differential currents as a vector sum of
the instant values by respective phase
current values measured by the
protection devices mounted on each
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end of the power transformer. Bias
currents are calculated as a modul sum
of the measured phase currents.
One of the devices is defined as a
Master. This device compares
measured and received values at the
both ends of the transformer. If the
difference is bigger than the set value -
protection will start to operate. All
calculations of the transformer
differential function are phase
selective.
Inrush stabilization by second and fifth
harmonic blocking is implemented.
The instantaneous stage differential
protection serves as a differential
protection without bias characteristic -
a very fast clearance of severe faults
with a high differential current
regardless of their harmonics.
Differential and instantaneous
differential protection stages are phase
selective. Differential and
instantaneous differential protection
functions operate with equalized input
currents dependent of the power
transformer connection group, as well
as those of the current measuring
transformers. Current transformers
saturation detector function is
provided as a part of protection
operation. This function is dedicated to
discover and to neutralize big
differential currents which can by
measured due to current transformers
saturation caused by extremely big
transfer currents in case of external
faults.
5.1.35 Low impedance restricted earth
fault protection (LIR) ANSI 87N
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The function is intended to protect the
power transformer against earth faults
in the protected area - between the
phase current transformers (CT) and
the CT in the neutral. In case of the
external earth faults the protection is
very sensitive and remains stable. LIR
compares the calculated earth fault
current and measured current in the
neutral. The calculated current is a
result of the three phase currents
summation Iph while the neutral
current IN is measured through the CT
mounted in the circuit between the star
point and the earth.
5.1.36 Line differential protection (LDP)
87L
LDP operation principle is a differential
protection with bias characteristics as a
setting. LDP is mainly designed for
double sourced medium voltage
feeders but also is suitable for short HV
lines. The function is normaly used as a
main protection against all types of
short circuits and is independent from
the type of the neutral earthing.
The protection function calculates
differential currents as a vector sum of
the instant values by respective phase
current values measured by the
protection devices mounted on each
end of the protected line. Bias currents
are calculated as a module sum of the
measured phase currents.
Each device on the both ends of the
line compares measured and received
values. If the difference is bigger than
the set value - protection will start to
operate. All calculations of the line
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differential function are phase
selective.
During operation the relay performs
permanent time synchronization. One
of the relays has to be set as Master.
The master takes care to transmit
synchronization time marks to the
other devices. This time marks indicate
at which point in time the transmitted
current data were valid. The receiving
device can carry out the current
comparisons based on the received
time marks i.e. it can compare the
currents which were actually measured
at exactly the same time.
5.1.37 User defined logical functions
This is a special feature which provides
the customer with the possibility to
create mathematic-logic equations for
the development of new functions
based on the available hardware.
5.1.38 Setting groups
DRAGON 1 includes up 4 selectable
setting groups. One of them is into
operation. Transition from one setting
group to another can be done during
the operation of the device. Changing
the groups can be achieved locally
trough the front device panel),
remotely through PC running Man
Machine Interface (MMI) service
program, by a command from
Substation Automation System
Workstation or via dedicated binary
inputs.
Function parameters of each setting
group can be edited during the normal
operation of the device, even the
running setting group.
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Each setting group has its own
number. This number is used for
identification of the group while it has
to be uploaded for editing or for
activation.
5.2 Monitoring and control
5.2.1 Circuit-breaker life time
monitoring (CBLT)
The function can be used for signalling
in case of the circuit breaker life time
expiring. The recording function of the
RMS values for measuring phase
currents is included in the device. The
function calculates every millisecond
the RMS values of measured currents -
Ia, Ib and Ic (based on the last 20
instantaneous values) and stored them
in a buffer memory.
CB life time function needs a dedicated
binary input for indication of CB
position. The three values (Ia, Ib and Ic)
are registered at the moment of the
fault. CB electrical and mechanical life
time characteristics are manufacturing
data. It is a function of permissible
operating cycles and breaking current.
CB life time function needs this
characteristic to be configured as a
table.
5.2.2 Current circuit supervision (CCS)
The function is mainly designed for the
monitoring of secondary circuits of the
current transformers. Interruptions,
short circuits and fault connections
during the commissioning are
discriminated by the detection of
asymmetry. Open or short-circuited
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current transformer circuits can cause
unwanted operation of differential,
earth fault and negative sequence
overcurrent protection. The function
calculates the instant value of ratio
Imin/Imax and if the measured value
becomes smaller than the settings the
output signal will be issued.
5.2.3 Fuse failure monitoring (FFM)
The function is mainly designed to
monitor the secondary circuits of the
voltage transformers. Abnormal
conditions are discriminated by the
detection of asymmetry in the voltage
circuits. The function can be used for
signaling and blocking purposes.
The function monitors the instant
values of the phase voltage sum (UL1+
UL2 +UL3) and the zero sequence
voltage 3Uo from the broken delta.
The algorithm calculates the average
value of the phase voltages sum for a
half period and compares it to the
average measured value of the 3Uo for
the same half period. If the difference
is bigger than the set value the
function activates an alarm signal
(Fuse failure).
5.2.4 Voltage circuit supervision (VCS)
The function is mainly designed to
monitor the secondary circuits of the
voltage transformers. Abnormal
conditions are discriminated by the
detection of asymmetry in the voltage
circuits. The function calculates the
instant value of asymmetry and if the
measured value becomes smaller then
the set then output signal will be
issued.
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Symmetrical conditions are checked by
means of comparison between the
smallest and the biggest phase voltage
values.
5.2.5 Trip circuit supervision (TCS)
The function is intended to give a
warning signal in case of failure in the
tripping circuits irrespective of the
circuit breaker position open or close.
The function is applicable for all type of
circuit breakers. For the operation of
the function a single binary input and
an external resistor have to be used.
The current in the circuit consisting of
IED optical input, external resistor and
trip coil has to be enough for activating
the binary input.
During the binary output operation
(trip command) a special software task
will block the activation of the warning
signal. If the output contact remains
continuously in close position the
corresponding massage will be
activated.
5.2.6 Minimum Maximum values
monitoring
The minimum and maximum primary
values for each of the phase currents Ix,
each of phase-phase voltages (for the
types with voltage inputs) for a period
of 24 hours, 1 mount and 1 year are
monitored. It means that in the device
there are min/max values for the last
elapsed period with a time stamp and
the min/max values for the active
period.
The max values for forward/reverse
active/reactive power (for the types
with voltage inputs) and min/max
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currents and voltages for forward and
reverse direction of the active power
for the last elapsed period (with a time
stamp) and for the active period are
calculated and recorded in the device.
Current and voltage thresholds are
monitored under/over which the
min/max values will not be registered.
5.2.7 CB local/remote control
CB control function (CB local/remote
closing and opening by the operational
staff can be performed from the device
only by a command received remotely
from SAS/SCADA or locally from the
push buttons "I" and "O" on the device
front panel. To enable a command the
relay checks the correctness of the
conditions (the CB status and
local/remote control switch, blocking
conditions etc.). If the necessary
conditions are not fulfilled the
operation is cancelled and an
explanatory text will be displayed.
5.2.8 Interlocking
The function allows only commands
verified by the interlocking logic.
5.2.9 Lockout logic (ANSI 86)
This function provides different type of
trip command algorithms with
definite time delay and with
latching/locking of the trip command.
All binary outputs could be set to use
the Lockout logic.
There are two different modes of
tripping signal operation:
Impulse type with the
minimum tripping time duration
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Lock-out mode with locked
tripping command
The locked-out command can be reset:
remotely using a binary input
configured for that purpose;
remotely by the control
command by the SAS received
via local network;
locally through the HMI display
menu;
The minimum trip command duration
function is not active when using the
"Lockout" mode.
Impulse type trip commands will be
terminated when the last protection
function is dropped-off and the
minimum trip command delay time has
elapsed.
5.2.10 Clockwise and anticlockwise
phase rotation
The actual phase rotation is very
important for the correct operation of
the protection, monitoring and
measuring functions. The function
checks if the actual phase rotation
corresponds to the current settings. For
this purpose the algorithm calculates
and compares angles between phase
to phase currents or voltages that are
in-feed the appropriate terminals of
the device. During the device operation
the phase rotation is permanently
established.
If the difference between the real and
the set phase rotation is determined
the alarm signal and the appropriate
massage is immediately generated. The
signal will be active until the rotation
starts to respond to the settings.
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5.2.11 Synchronism/energizing check
(SC)
The synchrocheck function measures
the conditions across the circuit
breaker and compares them to the set
limits. The output is activated only
when all measured quantities are
simultaneously within their set limits.
For single circuit breaker arrangement,
the selection of the correct voltage is
made by using auxiliary contacts of the
bus disconnectors. For 1 circuit
breaker arrangement, correct voltage
selection is made by using auxiliary
contacts of the bus disconnectors as
well as of the circuit breakers.
The phase to phase voltage, frequency
and phase angle differences are
measured by the IED and have to be
available for the synchrocheck function.
The busbar and the line voltage values
are used. The frequencies on the both
sides of the circuit breaker are also
measured. The frequency difference
between the bus frequency and the
line frequency has not to exceed the
set value.
5.2.12 Signalization function
The results of the device operation (for
all parts relay protection,
measurement and control) including
primary equipment statuses are stored
and visualized by the IED and
transferred to the SAS.
All the device binary inputs are
monitored continuously and any
change in their status (1 or 0 for
process point which response for the
status of the configured primary
equipment) or failure arising is
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displayed and send to the SAS as a
remote annunciation message.
There are different types
signalization depending on its purpose:
LEDs with blinking, steady state
lighting and acknowledgement
through the front panel
keyboard
Display information
Information intended for the
SAS Workstation
The messages can be categorized as
follows:
Operational messages
messages generated while the
device is operating with
information for the status of the
device functions, measured
data, power system data, control
command logs etc.
Fault messages - messages for
the last faults
Spontaneous messages
General Interrogation
Statistic messages - include a
counter for opening commands
initiated by the device and AR
commands.
5.3 Measurement and
calculation
This function is used for power system
electric parameters measurement,
monitoring and visualization on a local
display and its sending to the SAS and
through it to the upper level of SCADA
systems. This information provides a
fast and easy overview of the
substation present status. At the same
time it can be used to verify the proper
operation during the testing and
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commissioning of the IED protection
and control functions. Another basic
of application of the function is to inform
the Dispatch center for the parameters
of the technological process in the
substation. The high sampling rate of
2 kHz allows to calculate and monitor
THD of up to 19th harmonic, which is
especially oriented to the MV networks
power analyzing.
5.4 Records
The extended memory for the records
- of DRAGON 1 series allows storing a
high number of events and disturbance
records in its non-volatile memory and
makes the device suitable for
application in unmanned substations.
DRAGON 1 also provides less than 1ms
precision NTP time synchronization
and transparent file access via MMS or
File-Transfer-Protocol (FTP).
5.4.1 Event/fault recorder
The Event recorder function is
designed for massages storing,
managing and visualizing. This function
is basic and provide the operational
staff with the necessary information for
the fast identification of the current
situation in the object.
Each massage comprises information
about the event type, time of the event
activation with 1ms accuracy and if
necessary - numerical information
(fault recorder), which is typical for the
process pick-up current value,
elapsed time etc.
The information recorded by the
Event/fault recorder is stored in non-
volatile memory and can be shown at
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the unit display, memorized in the SAS
or uploaded in the PC with running
MMI program.
5.4.2 Disturbance recorder
If changes in the normal operating
conditions appeared they can be
memorized by the Disturbance
recorder function, implemented in the
device. The recorded values are
measured with sampling frequency of
1kHz.
The records from the Disturbance
recorder function can be transferred to
the device with running MMI service
program local SAS, portable PC,
Dispatch centre etc.
5.5 Communication
DRAGON 1 IEDs are intended to be
used practically with all standard
communication protocols, which are in
use by SCADA including IEC 61850 and
GOOSE.
5.6 Redundancy protocols
Redundancy was a major hurdle, since
the lack of a commonly accepted
redundancy protocol prompted
manufacturers to market incompatible
proprietary solutions.
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DRAGON 1 series gives the possibility
for redundancy with application of the
latest types of IEC 61850 Redundancy
Communication Protocols PRP, HSR
and RSTP for star and ring topology.
5.6.1 Rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP)
In the case when network offers
redundant links the application of the
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is
suitable.
5.6.2 High availability seamless
redundancy (HSR)- IEC 62439-3 Clause 5
IEC 62439-3 Clause 5 defines another
redundancy in the nodes solution with
HSR, in which a switch element is
integrated in each device.
HSR applies parallel operation principal
to a single ring, treating the two
directions as two virtual LANs. This
allows a significant reduction in
hardware costs because no switches
are used and only one link is added. All
nodes of the ring must be switching
nodes, i.e. they have two ports and
integrate a switch element.
5.6.3 Parallel redundancy protocol (PRP)
PRP (IEC 62439-3 Clause 4) specifies
that each device is connected in
parallel to two local area networks of a
similar topology.
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CONTACT US
ROCON PLC
56A 21Vek str. 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria
tel. 359 2 962 2394, 962 22 74
Fax 359 2 962 86 40
E-mail rocon@roconbg.com
web: www.roconbg.com

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