Sampling

Monday, July 12, 2010

7:11 AM
sampling-process of selecting a sample from a population.

In order to obtain accuracy

Expensive
Allows Ensure
interview to interviewer are
clarify terms competent
Sampling technique is used Is done by
Face to face interviews
Sampling technique • Yield high response rates
Limit to people
with telephone
Response are
Non pr0bability probability
lower

• Convenience sampling Other methods Less expensive

○ Recommended for pre-research • e-mail Telephone
○ Respondent chosen because it was at the right time • Srs(simple random sampling • Internet surveys interviews
and right place. ○ Each item in frame list has • sms • asks question from
• Judgemental a same chance of selected aprepared questionaire
○ Selected based on researcger judgement to be a sample, • Interviews are in short
○ Be based on experiences ○ Technique duration
Data collection
• Snowball/chain  The frame is method
○ First respondents based on randomly obtained
○ 1st respondent will be asked whether he . she knows  Computer generated
others from same targeted population or table of random
• Quota sampling numbers
Direct questionaire
○ same as convenience,differ because, rsearchersmay • Systematic sampling
Direct observation • Researcher will
look for different characteristic ○ k=N/n
• Used in work, studies and great the
○ Limited by a fixed number k=range
organisation respondent ang
N=population size
• Enable researchers to record explain his
n=sample size
what actually happens, not intention b4 giving
○ The first sample element is
to influenced by people say questionaire.
chosen by the range by SRS
○ Then the next element is or think
selected by formula
(r+ak),a=2,3,,,(n-1) Mail questionaire
• Stratified sampling technique • A questionaire will be
○ Divide the population into mailed, and need to
several mutual grup(strata) return it with a Cheaper
○ Elements are usually certain period of Coverage is wider
n probability strentgh weak selected randomly by SRS time No interview influence
sampling ○ The purpose is to divide Has more time think
Convenience Less into more homogenous
sampling Selection bias, not recommended
expensive,time, for descriptive or casual research subgroup
Judgemental convenient • Cluster sampling technique
sampling Does not allow generalization, Rate of respond is
subjective ○ Divide ninto lower
subpopulation(cluster) May a particular type
Quota sampling ○ The subpopulation/cluster
Selection bias, no assurance of people will reply
is selected randomly Only very simple
○ All the elements in the question can be
snowbal/chain Sample can be cluster is to be icluded in
Time consumed asked
controlled by the sample or/ May be a team effort
several chrctr ○ drawn by a probability
Can estimate rare manner
characteristic • Multi-stage
○ Divide population from
Sample random Easy applied,reults Difficult to obtain respondents, cluster to cluster,
sampling can be projected to sometimes no assurance of Should be short and simple>> less time to answer
population representative
Begin with simple and less
Systematic Easuer to implment Can decrease reprsentativeness controversional question
sampoling
techniques
The question must NOT biased towards
Stratified Easy to implemented Difficult to select different 1. Groups
sampling stratas, not feasible for 2. Etnic
techniques stratify many variable 3. Race
4. religion
A questionaire checlist
Cluster sampling Easy to implement,cost Imprecise diffficult to compute can be made by
effective work is reduced and interpret result facilitate
1. Objectives of study
2. Answers sought from
the study
3. Variable used in the
study
4. Methods of data
analysis

QMT280 Page 1