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S x X 1 2 ( X )2 X 2
Mn 1 1
Lb / ry 2( Lb / ry ) 2
Problem 9.2.A. A simple-span, uniformly loaded beam
consists of a W 18 50 with Fy = 36 ksi. Find the
percentage gain in the limiting bending moment if a fully
245(1410) 2 1
1410(0.0496)
plastic condition is assumed, instead of a condition 300 / 2.09 2(300 / 2.09) 2
limited by elastic stress.
489, 000 98, 600
1
Elastic condition limit: 144 41, 200
3390 1.84
M = Fy Sx = 36(88.9) = 3200 kip-in. = 267 kip-ft
6, 240 kip-in. or 520 kip-ft
Plastic condition limit:
Problem 9.4.A. Design for flexure a simple beam 14 ft
M = Fy Zx = 36(101) = 3640 kip-in. = 303 kip-ft [4.3 m] in length and having a total uniformly distributed
dead load of 13.2 kips [59 kN] and a total uniformly
Gain in M = 303 267 = 36 kip-ft distributed live load of 26.4 kips [108 kN].
Fy 36 1 ft
Mr = (Fy Fr) Sx = (36 10)(245) = 6370 kip-in.
= 531 kip-ft
From Table 9.1, try W 14 26
Lb - Lp
M n M p - ( M p - M r )
L - L New wu = 4.16 + 0.026 = 4.186
r p
15 - 8.71 4.186
849 - (849 - 531) New Z x (37.8) 38.0
24.8 - 8.71 4.16
725 kip-ft
W 14 26 is still OK
(3) Lb Lr, use:
26 Worked Solutions
Problem 9.4.C. A beam of 15-ft [4.6 m] length has three M u 78.5
concentrated loads of 6 kips, 7.5 kips, and 9 kips at 4 ft, Mn 87.2 kip-ft
Fb 0.9
10 ft, and 12 ft [26.7 kN, 33.4 kN, and 40.0 kN at 1.2m,
3 m, and 3.6 m], respectively, from the left-hand support.
Design the beam for flexure. M n 87.2(12)
Zx 29.1 in.3
Fy 36
Pu = 1.2(dead load) + 1.6(live load)
From Table 9.1, try a W 12 22
Live loads: Pu1 = 1.6(6) = 9.6 kips, Pu2 = 1.6(7.5) = 12
kips, Pu3 = 1.6(9) = 14.4 kips. Add weight of beam as a distributed load:
From analysis of the beam, Mu = 81.6 kip-ft = 1.2(0.022) = 0.0264 kip/ft
wu
From the beam load analysis: Beam weight: wu = 1.2(0.019) = 0.0228 kips/ft
Mu = 78.5 kip-ft (under the point load) Adjusted Zx = 20.5 in.3, selection still OK
27
Problem 9.4.I. A cantilever beam is 12 ft [3.6 m] long Lb - Lp
M n M p - (M p - M r )
and has a uniformly distributed dead load of 600 lbs/ft L - L
[8.75 kN/m] and a uniformly distributed load of 1000 r p
New Mn = 190 kip-ft, Zx = 63.3 in.3, selection still OK (c) Lb = 15 ft. Based on previous work, try a W 24 76.
15- 8
M n 600 - (600 - 381) 500 kip-ft
Problem 9.5.A. A W shape is to be used for a uniformly 23.4 - 8
loaded simple beam carrying a total live load of 50 kips
[222 kN] and a total dead load of 22 kips [98 kN] on a 30 Which indicates that the shape is adequate.
ft [9.2 m] span. Select the lightest weight shape for
unbraced lengths of (a) 6 ft [1.83 m], (b) 10 ft [3.05 m],
(c) 15 ft [4.57 m]. (Note: This process is really laborious. It makes a case
for using some aid to shortcut the process. One aid is the
Wu = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL) use of a computer program. Another aid consists of the
= 1.2(22) + 1.6(50) = 106.4 kips series of graphs similar to Fig. 9.6 which are provided in
the AISC Manual (Ref. 5).
WL 106.4(30)
Mu 399 kip-ft
8 8
M u 399
Mn 443 kip-ft
Fb 0.9
M n 443(12)
Zx 148 in.3
Fy 36
Problem 9.5.C. A W shape is to be used for a uniformly Which indicates that the chosen shape is OK.
loaded simple beam carrying a total live load of 50 kips
[222 kN] and a total dead load of 22 kips [98 kN] on a 30 (c) unbraced length = 15 ft
ft [9.14 m] span. Select the lightest weigh shape for
unbraced lengths of (a) 6 ft; (b) 10 ft; (c) 15 ft. Try the W 24 76, requires Mn = 454 kip-ft.
Lb - Lp h 22.56
48.0 Case 1 condition
M n M p - (M p - M r )
L - L tw 0.47
r p
As this is greater than the required value, the shape C: h = 10.24 2(0.395) = 9.45 in.
chosen is OK.
h 9.45
37.8, Case 1
(b) unbraced length Lb = 10 ft Same case as (a). tw 0.25
Trials will show W 24 62, and 68 do not work.
Try W 24 76. New total Wu = 109.1 kips. Aw = 10.24 0.25 = 2.56 in.2
10 - 8
M n 600 - (600 - 381) 572 kip-ft
23.4 - 8
29
Problem 9.7.A-D. Find the maximum deflection in Beam weight adds 1.2(0.055 36) = 2.16 kips.
inches for the following simple beams with uniformly Not critical for the selection.
distributed load. Find the values using: (a) the equation
for the beam: and (b) the curves in Fig. 9.11. (b) W 18 86, Table load = 112 kips.
A: W 10 33, span = 18 ft, service load = 1.67 klf. Beam weight not critical.
5wL4 5(1.67 /12)(18 12) 4 E Factored load = 1.2(0.625 18) + 1.6(0.333 18)
(a) D 0.794 in. = 23 kips
384 EI 384(29,000)(171)
(a) W 12 16, Table load = 24.1 kips.
(b) = 0.9 in.
Beam weight = 1.2(0.016 18) = 0.35 kips.
C: W 18 46, span = 24 ft, service load = 2.29 klf
Not critical for the shape.
5wL4 5(2.29 /12)(24 12) 4 (b) W 10 19, Table load = 25.9 kips
(a) D 0.829 in.
384 EI 384(29, 000)(712)
Beam weight = 1.2(0.019 18) = 0.41 kips
(b) = 0.8 in. Not critical for shape.
Problem 9.8.A-H. For each of the following conditions G Factored load = 1.2(0.238 42 + 1.6(1 42) =
find (a) the lightest permitted shape and (b) the =79 kips
shallowest permitted shape of A36 steel.
(a) W 24 76, Table load = 103 kips
Span (ft) Superimposed Load (klf) Beam weight not critical.
Live Dead
(b) W 21 83, Table load = 101 kips
Beam weight not critical.
A 16 3 3
C 36 1 0.5 Problem 9.10.A. Open web steel joists are to be used for
E 18 0.333 0.625 a roof with a live load of 25 psf and a dead load of 20 psf
G 42 1 0.238 (not including joist weight) on a span of 48 ft. Joists are
4 ft on center and deflection under live load is limited to
A Factored load = 1.2(3 16) + 1.6(3 16) = 134 kips 1/360 of the span. Select the lightest joist.
(a) W 16 57, Table load = 142 kips
Live load = 25(4) = 100 lbs/ft
Beam weight adds 1.2(0.057 16) = 1.09 kips, which is
not a problem for the selection. Dead load = 20(4) = 80 lbs/ft (without joists)
(b) W 10 88, Table load = 153 kips Factored load = 1.2(80) + 1.6(100) = 256 lbs/ft
Pu = c Fc A = 0.85 27.2 15.6 = 361 kips X-axis controls, from Table 10.2 possible choices are:
Pu 9
Pu [(m M ux ) (2m M uy )]
2 8
80 9
[(1.7 85) (2 1.7 64)] 448 kips
2 8
Problem 10.5.A. It is desired to use a 12-in. W shape for
a column to support a beam as shown in Fig. 10.7. From Table 10.2, select W 14 82
32 Worked Solutions
Net area: Ae = 6(0.5) = 3 in.2 per plate Combined resistance = 120 + 59.8 = 180 kips
Allowable tension on the net area: Problem 12.2.A-F. Using data from Table 12.1, select
the lightest steel deck for the following:
Ft Pn Ft Fu Ae 0.75(58)(2 3) 261 kips
Span Condition: Total Load (psf): Choice:
Thus the tension on the net area is not critical.
A simple span, 7 ft 45 WR20
For bearing resistance of a single bolt:
C two-span, 8.5 ft 45 WR18
vRn = 1.5 Lc t Fu
E three-span, 6 ft 50 IR22
= 1.5(1.5)(0.5)(58) = 65.25 kips
As 7.72
t 0.642 in., use 11/16 in.
width 12
tPn = 0.75 Fu As