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Welding
Procedures
SECTION 1: OVERVIEW
Purpose
Scope of Work
Choosing the Appropriate Welding Code- Why API uses AWS D1.3
Preheat Considerations
Inspection Requirements
Supporting Documents from AWS Structural Welding Code Sheet Steel
SECTION 4: TESTING
1.) Testing Procedures
2.) Welder Qualification Test Records Example
Purpose
Scope of Work
Choosing Appropriate Welding Code (API uses D1.3)
Preheat Considerations
Inspection Reports
Supporting Documents from AWS Structural Welding Code
Updated May 26, 2010
FWP-002 D1.3 A463 17 to 5 Gauge > 17 Gauge E7018 1, Aluminized and Non-Coated
FWP-003 D1.3 A463-304 20 to 11 Gauge > 17 Guage E309 1, Aluminized and Non-Coated
FWP-004 D1.3 A463 20 to 9 Gauge > 15 Guage E7018 1, Aluminized, Galv, and Non-Coated
FWP-005 D1.1 ASTM A36 11 Gauge and Up 11 Gauge and Up E7018 Plain Carbon Steel
Key:
A463- Carbon Steel
304- Stainless Steel
ASTM A36 - Carbon Steel
Codes:
D1.1 represents AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2008 An American National Standard (Structural Welding Code- Steel)
D1.3 represents AWS D1.3/D1.3M:2008 An American National Standard (Structural Welding Code- Sheet Steel)
D1.3 represents ANSI / AWS D1.3-98 An American National Standard (Structural Welding Code- Sheet Steel)
Note:
All new welders will be certified on FWP-004
Purpose
The purpose of this procedure book is to demonstrate the welds that APi
Construction Company (APICC) currently uses to attach sheet metal to
other sheet metal and structural members. We will also discuss why
APICC uses AWS D1.3 and some common misconceptions between AWS
D1.3 and AWS D1.1. Also included in this book will be all the approved
welds that APICC currently uses and supporting documents. In addition,
the appropriate testing procedures are also included. Finally, all welders
will have a Continuity Log maintained at APICC.
Scope of Work
Since 1926, APICC has worked in the industrial insulation & lagging and
metal siding markets. As a national scope contractor, APICC has
successfully completed projects throughout the United States and
occasionally Canada. We are one of the only single-source contractors in
the country to provide insulation, sheet metal, scaffolding, drafting, and
fabrication. The majority of APICCs welding work is sheet steel to sheet
steel. Therefore, APICC primarily uses AWS D1.3 as our standard for
welding.
B. AWS D1.3, Section 5.1 (1) prohibits welding when the ambient
temperature is below 0F.
C. AWS D1.3, Section 5.1 (2) prohibits welding when base metal is
exposed to moisture.
2. AWS D1.3 Table 1.1 Code Application Matrix of D1.3 and D1.1 codes
AWS D1.3, Table 1.1 is a matrix that will direct you to which code
(D1.1, D1.3 or D1.3 Annex A) to refer to when addressing many
different provisions of the weld procedure, including Preheating. This
table is a 3 x 3 matrix for material thicknesses of the steels to be
joined. The three thicknesses outlined are (1) Less than 1/8 tk., (2)
Greater than or equal to 1/8 but less than or equal to 3/16 tk., and
(3) greater than 3/16 tk.
A. When the table refers you to code D1.3 (both metals less than
1/8) preheating would not be required. This category comprises
the majority of APi Constructions welds.
C. When the table refers you to code D1.1 (both metals greater than
3/16) preheating would be required and you would refer to the
preheat requirements of D1.1, Table 3.2 which will set the
minimum preheat temperature requirements. For instance, for
ASTM A36 Steel (A D1.1 category B steel) will require a minimum
32 F preheat for steels 1/8 to tk. and 50 F for steels to
1 tk. Due to APICCs welding Scope, welds that fall into this
category will be the exception rather than the rule.
1.0 PURPOSE
1.1 This procedure provides the requirements necessary for filler metal distribution,
storage and disposal. This procedure supplements the requirements of
API Construction Subgirt Material Welding Procedure Specifications.
2.0 SCOPE
2.1 This procedure applies to sheet steel welds which are required to be fabricated and
erected in accordance with the ASME Code.
3.0 REFERENCES
3.1 The following reference documents were used for the preparation of this
procedure:
3.4 ANSI / AWS D1.3 2008 Section 1.4 Weld Metal Requirements.
3.6 AWS A5.1 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for SMAW.
4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES
4.1 The Foreman shall be responsible for completing Rod Requisition Form, Figure 1
for welders working under his direct supervision. The Foreman shall verify the
welder is qualified to weld in that process using the qualified welders list.
4.2 The Foreman shall verify the materials to be welded, welding procedure
specification and the correct filler metals to be used.
4.3 The Project Manager / Superintendent shall be responsible for the implementation
of this procedure.
4.4 Quality Assurance / Quality Control Personnel (depending upon the organizational
assets assigned to the project) shall be responsible for monitoring the
implementation of this procedure.
QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURE
5.1 Filler metal storage areas shall be clean and dry. Filler metals shall be segregated
according to type, classification, and size. Filler metals shall not be stored on the
floor.
5.2 Containers of low hydrogen electrodes shall remain in their hermetically sealed
containers until such time as they are removed and placed in a holding oven.
5.3 Electrodes placed in holding ovens shall be segregated and identified according to
AWS Classifications. Each holding oven shall have its contents clearly identified
on the door of the oven.
5.4 Holding oven shall be energized at all times and set to the correct temperature
range for the filler material being stored in it. These temperatures should be
verified daily by use of a temperature gauge.
6.1 Filler metals may be issued by the Foreman. Filler metals shall be issued in the
quantity and classifications identified on the Rod Requisition Form. Filler metals
shall only be issued in portable storage containers assigned to that welder. A copy
of the appropriate Welding Procedure Specification shall be included. Filler metals
of different AWS Classifications shall not be issued at the same time in the same
portable oven.
6.2 Foreman shall not issue filler metal without a completed Rod Requisition Form.
7.1 Filler metal that is returned to the tool area shall be inspected by the Foreman for
damage and identification.
7.2 Portable ovens with low hydrogen electrodes shall be inspected by the Foreman
for damage and operation. Low hydrogen filler metals inside shall still be warm to
the touch. Low hydrogen filler metal that is returned cold or removed from oven for
more than the time permitted in Table 7.3 shall be destroyed.
QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURE
7.3 If filler metal that is returned outside of the above parameters, the site QA
representative shall be notified. The QA Representative shall investigate to
determine if the filler metals used fell outside of the exposure requirements listed in
Table 7.3 below. If exposure time exceeds these requirements, an NCR shall be
issued.
STORAGE MAXIMUM
AWS CLASSIFICATION TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE TIME
Low Hydrogen:
E90XX 1 Hour
E80XX 2 Hours
E70XX 4 Hours
Stainless Steel:
8.1 Any used rods or stubs shall be placed in a rod stub container for proper disposal.
8.2 All rod stub containers shall be emptied into a disposal container at the end of each
shift. These rods will not be dried or used again.
QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURE
FCAW (Flux Cored) Diameter/Size: ___ .035 ___ .045 ___.052 ___.062
___E309T1-4 ___Other________________lbs.(approx.)
_____________________________________________________________________________
WPS ________________________________________________________________________
Supervisor_________________________________________ Date:______________________
Remarks:_____________________________________________________________________
Revised: 11-Jun-08
Subject: Capacitor Discharge Welding of Pins to Non-Pressure Parts and or/Pressure Parts.
1.0 Scope
1.1 This specification covers the method of qualifying the procedure and
the welders for welding Capacitor Discharge (CD) pins to non-
pressure parts and pressure parts.
1.2 This specification also covers the procedure to be followed to insure minimum
requirements for adequate quality control.
1.3 Do not weld pins to pressure parts without written permission from the customer.
2.0 Equipment
3.1 Required current ranges listed in Table I are for mild steel and stainless steel pins with
normal conditions of primary power and cable lengths.
3.2 Connect the welding cables and control cables between the gun and the welding unit.
When welding mild steel and stainless steel pins the welding is always done on straight
polarity (the gun cable being connected to the negative terminal while the ground cable
is connected to the positive terminal).
1 of 3
Revised: 11-Jun-08
3.3 Set the voltage control rheostat to the minimum position (turn counter-clockwise).
3.4 Plug the unit into any 115 volt AC outlet of suitable capacity and turn the machine on.
3.6 Insert a pin in the welding gun (the size and type for which machine settings are
required).
3.7 Prepare a piece of scrap plate, sheet, bar or tubing of the same material to which the
pin is to be welded. In the case of non-power base pins, this preparation consists of
cleaning the area where the pin is to be welded to bare metal by grinding lightly or
powered wire brushing using a stiff wire wheel.
3.8 Weld the pin to the clean piece of scrap material making sure the pin or stud is straight
up and down and not tilted.
3.9 Examine the weld area and check for a complete weld of the head of the pin to the test
piece. There should be a "burnt" mark around 360 of the pin head.
3.9.1 If the "burnt" mark is not all the way around the head, the weld is
probably too cold and the voltage control rheostat should be increased by
five (5) volts and another pin welded.
3.9.2 If the head of the pin had caused a crater to be formed in the test piece, as
if it were pushed into the metal surface, or if there is metal splashed out of
the weld area, the weld is probably too hot and the voltage should be
reduced and another pin welded.
3.9.3 If the weld looks good (having a "burnt" mark all around the head), bend
the pin until the end touches the test piece. This should be accomplished
with a sharp bend as near to the welded pin or stud heat as possible.
3.9.4 If the pin bends without breaking off and the weld is still tight, the settings
are to be considered satisfactory.
3.10 After the settings are considered satisfactory, weld ten (10) pins in succession to clean
scrap metal as per Part 3.0, Item 3.7, welding as per Item 3.8.
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Revised: 11-Jun-08
3.10.1 All pins should withstand the visual and bend test per Items 3.9.3 and
3.9.4, without breaking at the weld.
Follow the procedure in Part 3.0, Items 3.9, 3.10 and 3.10.1.
5.1 Setting will be checked and adjusted when conditions or set-ups change. Adjust when
base metal, pin length, cable length etc. are changed from the original process.
5.2 If any condition changes from the original process repeat the procedure in Part 3.0,
Items 3.1 through 3.9
6.1 Before work starts in the morning, the machines should be set and five (5) pins welded
to material, the same as that to be welded to during the day. This test shall be done in
the presence of the Supervisor or Inspector, in the case of field welding, and shall be
continued as required, to satisfy that the process is dependable and satisfactory.
Specify the testing that is done to verify a dependable and satisfactory process.
Table I
3 of 3
Revised: 18-May-08
Subject: Arc Stud Welding diameter low carbon steel studs to non-pressure parts.
1.0 Scope
1.2 This specification also covers the procedure to be followed to insure minimum
requirements for adequate quality control.
2.0 Equipment
2.2 Power Supply: Image Industries Arc SW-1200 with smart weld technology. Gun is
a standard Image Industries Arc Stud Welding Gun.
2.3 Electrical Requirements: 460 Volt 3 Phase 50 Amps with delay type fusing.
2.4 Equipment Specifications, Equipment Manuals, and welders guide to arc stud
welding are attached and available for each welder to review
3.2 Consumables are standard arc chucks, and split ferrule grips.
3.4
Plunge should be set to approximately 1/8 3/16. Set the adjustable legs so that
the stud protrudes approximately 1/8 3/16 beyond the ferrule grip.
Page 1 of 2
Revised: 18-May-08
4.1 The base metal of the welding area shall be sufficiently clean to provide an
electrical ground. This can be accomplished in several ways, including wire
brushing, grinding, etc.
4.2 For each different stud diameter to be welded, weld a stud to a scrap plate, sheet
or bar of the same material to which the pin or stud is to be welded.
4.3 Place a pipe of sufficient size and length over the stud, and apply lateral pressure
or force to the pipe, and bend and insure that the stud can be bent at least 20
degrees without breaking.
4.4 When satisfactory results are achieved, and all weld parameters appear correct.
Weld 10 studs in succession without changing any of the settings.
6.1 Welders are to be specifically instructed that they are not, under any
circumstances, unless approved by the erector in the field, or welding foreman in
the shop, to change machine settings, cable lengths, or any other condition that
could adversely affect welding.
6.2 The Erector, shop welding foreman, or a person designated by either, should
check the machine settings before work is started in the morning and several times
during the day. Any sign of tampering with the equipment or settings is cause for
appropriate action.
Page 2 of 2
TESTING
Testing Procedures
Welder Qualification Test Record -- EXAMPLES
Updated May 26, 2010
Testing Procedures
For FWP-002, FWP-003, and FWP-004
Materials:
(12) 3x 3 coupons of the proper gage and coating
Test:
1. 2 coupons of each welded together with the T-Joint Fillet Weld in these 3 positions:
Vertical Down - 2 each
Vertical Up - 2 each
Overhead - 2 each
2. Send the 6 welded coupons, labeled with Name or APi Employee Number, type of
weld, and position, to the St. Paul Office for testing.
For FWP-005
Materials:
(6) 4x 8, thick coupons
Test:
1. 2 coupons of each welded together with the T-Joint Fillet Weld in these 3 positions:
Vertical Down 1 each
Vertical Up - 1 each
Overhead 1 each
2. Note- Stop and Restart weld near center of coupon
3. Send the 3 welded coupons, labeled with Name or APi Employee Number, type
of weld, and position, to the St. Paul office for testing.
Welder Qualification Test Record
Welder or Welding Operators Name ______________________________________________________
Identification No. ______________________________ Qualification Date ______________________
ELECTRODE E7018_____________
Size 3/32"______________ 3/32"_______________
Group Designation F4___________________ F2, F3, F4______________
The undersigned certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared and tested in accordance
with the requirements of 4.6 ANSI/AWS D1.3 (1998), Structural Welding Code Sheet Steel.
ELECTRODE E7018_____________
Size 3/32"______________ 3/32"_______________
Group Designation F4___________________ F2, F3, F4______________
The undersigned certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared and tested in accordance
with the requirements of 4.6 ANSI/AWS D1.3 (1998), Structural Welding Code Sheet Steel.
The undersigned certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared and tested in accordance
with the requirements of 4.6 ANSI/AWS D1.3 (2008), Structural Welding Code Sheet Steel.
The undersigned certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared and tested in accordance
with the requirements of 4.6 ANSI/AWS D1.3 (2008), Structural Welding Code Sheet Steel.
ELECTRODE E7018_____________
Size 3/32"______________ 3/32"_______________
Group Designation F4___________________ F2, F3, F4______________
The undersigned certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared and tested in accordance
with the requirements of 4.6 ANSI/AWS D1.3 (2008), Structural Welding Code Sheet Steel.
ELECTRODE E7018_____________
Size 3/32"______________ 3/32"_______________
Group Designation F4___________________ F2, F3, F4______________
The undersigned certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared and tested in accordance
with the requirements of 4.6 ANSI/AWS D1.3 (2008), Structural Welding Code Sheet Steel.
Name: ID:
Supporting Welding Procedure Specification (WPS): FWP-005 Rev 0
Date Welded:
Variables
Process Position
Type: Shielded Metal Arc Welding Position tested: Vertical & Overhead
Electrode: Single Vertical Progression: Both up and Down
Backing, Yes: X No:
Current/Polarity: DCEP
Position Qualified: Flat, Horizontal & vertical fillet welds. Vertical progression either up or down.
Thickness Range Qualified: Fillets 1/8 through unlimited, plates and structural shapes.
We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test weld, was prepared,
welded and tested in accordance with the requirements of Clause 4, AWS D1.1, 2008 Structural Welding Code -
Steel.
Superintendent:______________________________________
[Signature / Printed Name]
Welder: ____________________________________________
[Signature / Printed Name]
Weld Qualification Observation Form
For AWS D1.1 Procedure
on this date:________________
[enter date]
Superintendent:______________________________________
[Signature / Printed Name]
Welder: ____________________________________________
[Signature / Printed Name]
Continuity Log Procedures
All welders will have a Continuity Log maintained with APi Construction
1. Once a new welder passes his weld test, he will have a Continuity Log created. This
test is given to the individual prior to performing any welding for APi Construction.
2. At a minimum of every 6 months (not to exceed), APi Construction will then have a
Supervisor complete an observation using the Weld Qualification Observation Form and
send it to APi Constructions New Brighton, Minn. Office; ATTN: JoAnne Sipe.
3. Once the form is received, the welders Continuity Log will be updated.