AREA COMPUTATION

Double Meridian Distance

Double Parallel Distance

Area By DPD Method

Example Problems

*Double Meridian Distance*

- The meridian distance from the midpoint of the line to
the references meridian.
Sample figure.

F
G
C

Based on the illustrative example, the following three rules

should provides a means of computing the DMD for each
course of a traverse.
 Rule 1: The DMD of the first course is equal to the departure
of the course.
Rule 2: The DMD of any other course is equal to the DMD of
the preceding course, plus the departure
of the course itself.
Rule 3: The DMD of the last course is numerically equal to the
departure of that course, but with the opposite sign.

*DOUBLE PARALLEL DISTANCE*

By using the latitudes of the successive courses
instead of the departures, parallel distances can also be
computed in a manner similar to meridian distances.
Correspondingly, the following rules also provide a
means of computing the DPD for each course of a traverse.

Rule 1: The DPD of the first course is equal to the latitude of

the course.
Rule 2: The DPD of any course is equal to the DPD of the
preceding course, plus the latitude of the preceding course,
plus the latitude of the course itself.
Rule 3: The DPD of the last course is numerically equal to the
latitude of that course but with the opposite sign.

*AREA BY DMD METHOD*

The use of the double meridian distance (DMD) is to
determine the area of closed traverse. This method is at
adaption of the method of determining areas by coordinates.

FORMULAS:
DOUBLE AREA = DMD (adjusted Latitude)
AREA = (1/2)( NDA + SDA)

*AREA BY DPD METHOD*

The double parallel distance method of area
computation is the similar to the double meridian distance
method.

FORMULAS:
 DOUBLED AREA = DPD(Adjusted Departure)
AREA = (1/2)(EDA + WDA)
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS:

+47.27
(Dep of +1661.26
AB) mof East
(Sum
+608.89 +786.78 +218.32
Departure)
(Dep of BC) C
(Dep of CD) (Dep of DE)

-327.41

D (Lat of
CD)

-1492.64m
B (Sum of south Latitudes)

+375.01
(Lat of FA)

-544.64 -1,116.62
(Dep of FA) ( Dep of
-1661.26m EF )
(Sum of West
Departures)
AREA BY DOUBLE MERIDIAN DISTANCE
 LINE Adjusted latitude Adjusted Departure
(+N) (+E)
(-S) (-W)
AB 490.71 47.27
BC 587.12 608.89
CD 327.41 786.78
DE 1002.76 218.32
EF 122.67 1116.62
FA 375.01 544.64
SUM 1452.64 -1452.84 1661.26 -1661.26

Computation of DMD (Refer to the rules of the computing DMD)

DMD ab = 47.27

DMD bc = 47.27 + 47.27 + 608.89 = 703.43

DMD cd = 703.43 + 608.89 + 786.78 = 2099.10

DMD de = 2099.10 + 786.78 + 218.32 = 3104.20

DMS ef = 3104 + 218.32 -1116.62 = 2205.90

DMD fa = 2205.90 1116.62 -544.64 = 544.64

Computation of double areas DOUBLE AREA = DMD X Adj Lat.

DA ab = 47.27 x 490.71 = 23 195.86

DA bc = 703.43 x 587.12 = 412997.82

DA cd = 2099.10 x (-327.41) = -687266.33

DA de = 4104.20 x (-1002.76) = -3112767.59

DA ef = 2205.90 x (-122.67) = -270597.75

DA fa = 544.64 x 375.01 = 204245.45

DA = -3430192.54

THEREFORE:

2 X AREA = -3430192.54

AREA = -1715096.27 SQ M(negative sign is disregarded)

 AREA BY DOUBLE PARALLEL DISTANCE

Computation of DPDs (Refer to rules for computing DPD)

DPD ab = 490.71

DPD bc = 490.71 + 490.71 + 587.12 = 1568.54

DPD cd = 15668.54 + 587.12 -327.41 = 1828.25

DPD de = 1828.25 327.41 -1002.76 = 498.08

DPD ef = 498.08 -1002.72-122.67 = -627.35

DPD fa = -627.35 122.67 + 375.01 = -375.01

Computation of Double Areas (DOUBLE AREA = DPD X ADJ.

LATITUDE)

DA ab = 490.71 x 47.27 = 2395.86

DA bc = 1568.54 x 608.89 = 955068.32

DA cd = 1828.25 x 786.78 = 1438430.54

DA de = 498.08 x 218.32 = 108740.83

DA ef = 627.35 x (-1116.62) = 700511.56

DA fa = 375.01 x (-544.64) = 204245.45

DA = 3430192.56

THEREFORE:

2 X AREA = 3430192.56

AREA = 1715096.28 SQ.M.