British Food Journal

The Demand for Organically Grown Produce

A. Tregear J.B. Dent M.J. McGregor
Article information:
To cite this document:
A. Tregear J.B. Dent M.J. McGregor, (1994),"The Demand for Organically Grown Produce", British Food Journal, Vol. 96 Iss
4 pp. 21 - 25
Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709410061032
Downloaded on: 27 February 2016, At: 08:28 (PT)
References: this document contains references to 4 other documents.
To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com
The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 3179 times since 2006*
Users who downloaded this article also downloaded:
Susanne Padel, Carolyn Foster, (2005),"Exploring the gap between attitudes and behaviour: Understanding
why consumers buy or do not buy organic food", British Food Journal, Vol. 107 Iss 8 pp. 606-625 http://
dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700510611002
Downloaded by RMIT University At 08:28 27 February 2016 (PT)

Gemma C. Harper, Aikaterini Makatouni, (2002),"Consumer perception of organic food production and farm animal welfare",
British Food Journal, Vol. 104 Iss 3/4/5 pp. 287-299 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700210425723
Raffaele Zanoli, Simona Naspetti, (2002),"Consumer motivations in the purchase of organic food: A means-end approach",
British Food Journal, Vol. 104 Iss 8 pp. 643-653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700210425930

Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by emerald-srm:393177 []
For Authors
If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service
information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please
visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information.
About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com
Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of
more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online
products and additional customer resources and services.
Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication
Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.

*Related content and download information correct at time of download.

 THE DEMAND FOR ORGANICALLY-GROWN PRODUCE
Results of recent surveys suggest that factors
which motivate people to buy or avoid organic
produce are complex.
The Demand
for Organically-
grown Produce
Downloaded by RMIT University At 08:28 27 February 2016 (PT)
A. Tregear, J.B. Dent and M.J. McGregor
British Food Journal, Vol. 96 No. 4, 1994, pp. 21-25
MCB University Press Limited, 0007-070X
Introduction
The market for organically-grown products experienced
rapid growth during the late 1980s, due in part to an
increase in public interest for safe and healthy foods[1]
and in part to a series of widely publicized food scares.
The general increase in the awareness of environmental
issues over this period also contributed to the growth of
the market for organic food[2]. Nevertheless, some
evidence suggests that the proportion of organic food
buyers among the general public has been decreasing
over the last few years: estimates of a 50 per cent ratio of
buyers to non-buyers in 1989[3] have been countered with
an estimate of only 13 per cent in 1990[2]. Mintel[2] have
also cited the post-1989 recession as one of the principal
causes of reduced demand. It is likely that the factors
which have limited the growth of organic markets are
both numerous and complex.
The research described here sought to investigate
demand for organic foods by focusing on five main
issues. These were that:
Accepted 19 February 1994
21
(1) concern for health, concern for the environment,
perception of good taste and perception of novelty
constitute the main reasons why consumers buy
organic foods;
(2) expense, unappetizing appearance, lack of
availability and lack of genuine interest are the
principal reasons preventing individuals from
purchasing organic foods;
(3) motivations governing purchase of organic foods
vary according to the type of retail outlet in which
they are purchased;
(4) availability of organic produce varies according to
the type of retail outlet in which the items are
bought; and
(5) the opinions expressed by retailers as to the future
of the organic food market vary by type of retail
outlet.
Methodology
As information was required from both organic food
retailers and the general public, separate surveys were
carried out for both groups. A nationwide postal survey
to 150 randomly selected supermarkets and 112
randomly selected wholefood shops throughout the UK,
all of which were known to stock organic food was central
to the study of retailers. The questionnaire for both
groups had previously been piloted in the Edinburgh
region. Of the total number of questionnaires sent out, 53
per cent were returned from supermarkets and 67 per
cent from wholefood shops. Over two-thirds of the
responses from supermarkets were completed by produce
managers who are well informed about customer
demand.
The study of the attitude of the general public was by
way of a telephone survey of 242 randomly selected
people in the Edinburgh and Lothian district. Of this
number, 152 interviews were completed (63 per cent
positive response), while the remainder were partially or
totally incomplete for a wide variety of reasons and were
discounted. The telephone interviews were scheduled at
various times of the day and evening in order to ensure a
cross-section of response: the aim was to have
questionnaires completed by working and non-working
members of the public as well as to gain information from
a range of different age groups and for both men and
women. The majority of respondents were female (62 per
cent) and nearly one-third were retired. In this survey
respondents were asked to indicate whether or not they
purchased organic foods and to give reasons for buying
or avoiding the produce. Respondents also indicated their
level of interest in certain issues believed to be related to
the purchase of organic produce.
 22 BRITISH FOOD JOURNAL 96,4

Results Figure 3. Reasons for Not Purchasing Organic Produce

Public Survey
Analysis of the 152 completed telephone interviews No response
showed that 29 per cent of respondents claimed to buy 5 per cent

organic produce at some time (Figure 1). Of this group 45 Other

Not thought
14 per cent
per cent claimed to purchase organic produce because of 27 per cent
concern for their own health compared with only 9 per
cent who claimed to purchase because of their belief that
organic production was less environmentally damaging Not available
9 per cent Appearance
than conventional agricultural production (Figure 2). 3 per cent
Among non-buyers, the relative expense was most
commonly cited as the reason for avoiding organic food, Sceptical
followed closely by those who indicated that they did not 9 per cent

give the matter any thought (Figure 3). Taste 1 per cent Expense
32 per cent

In terms of interest in certain issues, non-buyers as much

as buyers considered green issues to be important, and
Downloaded by RMIT University At 08:28 27 February 2016 (PT)

the two populations were indistinguishable in terms of

their avoidance of foods for ethical or health reasons
(Table I). However, buyers of organic food were
Figure 1. Characteristics of Respondents significantly more likely than non-buyers to undertake
daily activities which demonstrated their concern for the
80
environment, such as recycling or purchase of
environmentally friendly products. It was found that
there was no statistical difference between buyers and
64 non-buyers of organic foods in relation to the basic
Percentage of respondents

60
awareness and knowledge of the term organic. In both
cases, the term was defined satisfactorily.

40

29

20 Among non-buyers,
7
relative expense was most
0
Organic Non-buyer Unaware
commonly cited
buyer of term

Organic food purchase has been linked to relatively

Figure 2. Reasons for Purchasing Organic Produce highly paid occupations because of the implication of a
high level of disposable income. Such members of the
Own health
population tend to be open to and adoptive of new
45 per cent product ideas.

Family health The surveys showed that the proportions of buyers to

9 per cent non-buyers varied considerably between occupational
groups. Almost half of the professional/ clerical
Environment respondents were organic food buyers compared with
concern
9 per cent about 15 per cent of those classified as manual and 25
To encourage Additives
per cent of old age pensioners.
5 per cent concern
7 per cent
Retailer Survey
Curiosity
Other 5 per cent In the retail survey, managers were asked to indicate their
20 per cent understanding of why customers bought organic foods.
There was an interesting distinction between the
 THE DEMAND FOR ORGANICALLY-GROWN PRODUCE 23

Table I. Characteristics of Buyers and Non-buyers of Organic Food

Avoid specific food Avoid specific food

Undertake activities out of How important are Green purchases on ethical purchases on health
concern for Green issues issues? grounds grounds
Not
Yes No Important Important Yes No Yes No

Buyer 33 11 43 1 3 41 28 16
Non-buyer 45 60 99 9 7 100 64 44
x2=12.84 x2=5.369 x2=0.004 x2=0.251
p>0.001 p>0.05 p>0.05 p>0.005

Figure 4. Percentage Wastage of Organic Produce between Supermarkets and Wholefood Shops
Downloaded by RMIT University At 08:28 27 February 2016 (PT)

Percentage Percentage

> 50 3 > 50 19

> 25 16 > 25 38

< 25 42 < 25 35

Negligible 32 Negligible 8

No response 7 No response 0

0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Percentage Percentage
Wholefood stores Supermarkets

responses of managers of wholefood shops compared
with supermarkets. In wholefood shops, managers were
of the opinion that concern over personal health (41 per
cent) and concern over family health (45 per cent) were
the main reasons for buying, while only 10 per cent
highlighted concern for the environment. Supermarket
managers estimated that concern about environmental
damage to the countryside by conventional farming was
an important reason for purchase (30 per cent) together
with concerns about personal (27 per cent) and family
health (27 per cent). Neither supermarket nor wholefood
shop managers believed that the supposedly less
attractive appearance (less uniform) of organic food acted
as a disincentive to purchase. A small proportion (13 per
cent) of supermarket managers indicated that in their
opinion customers believed organic food had an improved
taste over conventionally grown food.
In the retailer survey, supermarkets were generally found
to incur greater costs when stocking organic foods and
suffered higher levels of wastage compared with whole
food shops (Figure 4). Yet supermarkets did, however,
present a more extensive and consistent range of fresh
organic produce in comparison with smaller retailers
(Figure 5).
In terms of opinion of the market, most retailers were
optimistic about the future for sales of organic produce
and believe the higher price of organic food was the single
most important barrier to market expansion (Figure 6).
Discussion and Conclusions
The research found that 29 per cent of the general public
bought organic foods at some time, a proportion which is
 24 BRITISH FOOD JOURNAL 96,4

Figure 5. Extent of the Range of Organic Produce Held

Percentage Percentage

Wide 55 Wide 65

Average 9 Average 20

Limited 15 Limited 14

None 21 None 1
Downloaded by RMIT University At 08:28 27 February 2016 (PT)

0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Percentage Percentage
Wholefood stores Supermarkets

smaller than that found by Dent[4] and by the Henley
Centre[3].
The methodology of these various surveys, however, is
incompatible and so too are the sample sizes. While the
current survey appears to indicate that the proportion of
organic buyers in the general public has decreased
somewhat, supporting the findings of Mintel[2], this
finding can only be a tentative conclusion.
Organic produce was commonly perceived by the general
public to be a healthy and environmentally friendly
option. There appeared little evidence to support the
often held view that misshapen or non-uniform size of
organic produce was a disincentive to purchase. Some
evidence is provided that at least some purchasers of
organic produce believe that the taste of the food was
enhanced over conventionally grown products. The
perception of organic food being expensive was

Figure 6. Opinions Expressed by Wholefood and Supermarket Respondents on Price as a Market Barrier and the Future Market
Prospects for Organic Food

(a) (b)
Percentage Percentage

Wholefood stores Wholefood stores

Yes 65 Yes 54

No 35 No 11

No response 2 No response 35

Supermarkets Supermarkets

Yes 79 Yes 62

No 21 No 7

No response 50 No response 27

0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Percentage Percentage
High price is a market barrier? Optimistic about future for organic food?
 THE DEMAND FOR ORGANICALLY-GROWN PRODUCE 25

widespread and this could be a disincentive to purchase.
Certainly, proportionately more people with higher
disposable income purchased organic food than in other
socio-economic groups. There was also some evidence to
suggest that more people would buy organic produce if
the price differential was lower. Such evidence should be
assessed with care, however, because of the obvious
difficulty relating to the reliability of asking questions
about what actions might be taken in totally different
circumstances to those experienced to date.
be lower than supermarkets, could perhaps concentrate
their efforts on increasing the range of organic products
on the shelves. It should be noted that such outlets tend to
stock a much narrower range of fresh organic products
than supermarkets do. Partly because of the strategy of
stocking fresh organic produce, supermarkets tend to
incur substantially more wastage than in wholefood
shops. In a marketing strategy, therefore, supermarkets
could consider ways of reducing wastage levels and
generally bringing down the premiums on organic foods
without compromising the range of organic products that
they offer.

Expense could be References

a distinctive to 1. McGregor, M.J. and Blackholly, H., A Quantitative Study
Downloaded by RMIT University At 08:28 27 February 2016 (PT)

of Consumer Attitudes to Organic Produce , OFC Report,

purchase
Some general guidelines on the marketing strategy for
organic foods in different retail outlets can be deduced
from the survey. Wholefood shops, which tend to be small
businesses and whose organic prices tend to on the whole
School of Agriculture, Edinburgh, 1990.
2. Mintel, Organic Food Special Report, Mintel
International, London, 1991.
3. Henley Centre, The Market for Organic Food, Report to
Mid Wales Development, Newton, 1989.
4. Dent, S.J., Consumer Awareness and Attitudes Towards
Organic Produce, Report to Covent Garden Market
Authority, London, 1988.

A. Tregear and J.B. Dent are from the Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, and M.J.
McGregor is from the Rural Resource Management Department, Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh.
 This article has been cited by:

1. Ravi Nandi, Wolfgang Bokelmann, Nithya Vishwanath Gowdru, Gustavo Dias. 2016. Consumer Motives and Purchase
Preferences for Organic Food Products: Empirical Evidence From a Consumer Survey in Bangalore, South India. Journal of
International Food & Agribusiness Marketing 28, 74-99. [CrossRef]
2. Rambalak Yadav, Govind Swaroop Pathak. 2016. Intention to purchase organic food among young consumers: Evidences from
a developing nation. Appetite 96, 122-128. [CrossRef]
3. Rosa Misso, Mauro Mario Mariani. 2016. Quality of Feeding and New Lifestyles. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia
8, 257-262. [CrossRef]
4. Soojeong Han, Keum-Jumg Kim, Kyung-Hee Lee. 2015. Impact of Choice Motives on Consumer Attitudes and Purchase
Intentions regarding Organic Coffee - Study Performed at Organic Coffee Shops in and around Seoul - . Journal of the
East Asian Society of Dietary Life 25, 911. [CrossRef]
5. Jill McTavish. 2015. Everyday life classification practices and technologies. Journal of Documentation 71:5, 957-975. [Abstract]
[Full Text] [PDF]
6. Dacinia Petrescu, Ruxandra Petrescu-Mag. 2015. Organic Food Perception: Fad, or Healthy and Environmentally Friendly?
A Case on Romanian Consumers. Sustainability 7, 12017-12031. [CrossRef]
7. Bahri-Ammari Nedra, Sandhir Sharma, Aymen Dakhli. 2015. Perception and motivation to purchase organic products in
Mediterranean countries. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship 17:1, 67-90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
8. Patrik Srqvist, Andreas Haga, Linda Langeborg, Mattias Holmgren, Maria Wallinder, Anatole Nstl, Paul B. Seager, John E.
Marsh. 2015. The green halo: Mechanisms and limits of the eco-label effect. Food Quality and Preference 43, 1-9. [CrossRef]
Downloaded by RMIT University At 08:28 27 February 2016 (PT)

9. Viola Bruschi, Ksenia Shershneva, Irina Dolgopolova, Maurizio Canavari, Ramona Teuber. 2015. Consumer Perception of
Organic Food in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Saint Petersburg, Russia. Agribusiness 31:10.1002/agr.v31.3, 414-432.
[CrossRef]
10. Athina-Evera Qendro. 2015. Albanian and UK Consumers Perceptions of Farmers Markets and Supermarkets as Outlets for
Organic Food: An Exploratory Study. Sustainability 7, 6626-6651. [CrossRef]
11. Pierre Mazzacano DAmato, Joseph Falzon. 2015. Why Do Some Consumers Prefer Organic Food? A Discourse Analytical
Perspective. Journal of Food Products Marketing 21, 255-273. [CrossRef]
12. Sven-Olov Daunfeldt, Niklas Rudholm. 2014. Does shelf-labeling of organic foods increase sales? Results from a natural
experiment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 21, 804-811. [CrossRef]
13. Serena Szathvary, Samuele Trestini. 2014. A Hedonic Analysis of Nutrition and Health Claims on Fruit Beverage Products.
Journal of Agricultural Economics 65:10.1111/jage.2014.65.issue-2, 505-517. [CrossRef]
14. P. Pomsanam, K. Napompech, S. Suwanmanee. 2014. An Exploratory Study on the Organic Food Purchase Intention among
Thai-Cambodian Cross-border Consumers. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 7, 294-305. [CrossRef]
15. Erifili Papista, Athanasios Krystallis. 2013. Investigating the Types of Value and Cost of Green Brands: Proposition of a
Conceptual Framework. Journal of Business Ethics 115, 75-92. [CrossRef]
16. MeiFang Chen. 2013. Consumers' health and taste attitude in Taiwan. British Food Journal 115:4, 526-540. [Abstract] [Full
Text] [PDF]
17. Lydia Zepeda, Cong Nie. 2012. What are the odds of being an organic or local food shopper? Multivariate analysis of US
food shopper lifestyle segments. Agriculture and Human Values 29, 467-480. [CrossRef]
18. Paul-Valentin Ngobo, Sylvie Jean. 2012. Does store image influence demand for organic store brands?. Journal of Retailing
and Consumer Services 19, 621-628. [CrossRef]
19. Nihan Ozguven. 2012. Organic Foods Motivations Factors for Consumers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 62,
661-665. [CrossRef]
20. N. H. M. Azam, N. Othman, R. Musa, F. AbdulFatah, A. AwalDeterminants of organic food purchase intention 748-753.
[CrossRef]
21. Lee-Ann Sutherland, Ika Darnhofer. 2012. Of organic farmers and good farmers: Changing habitus in rural England. Journal
of Rural Studies 28, 232-240. [CrossRef]
22. Jue Chen, Antonio Lobo. 2012. Organic food products in China: determinants of consumers purchase intentions. The
International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 22, 293-314. [CrossRef]
23. Stefan Mann, Miriam Gairing. 2012. Loyals and Optimizers: Shedding Light on the Decision for or Against Organic
Agriculture Among Swiss Farmers. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 25, 365-376. [CrossRef]
24. Fabrice Larceneux, Florence Benoit-Moreau, Valrie Renaudin. 2012. Why Might Organic Labels Fail to Influence Consumer
Choices? Marginal Labelling and Brand Equity Effects. Journal of Consumer Policy 35, 85-104. [CrossRef]
 25. MOIRA DEAN, MONIQUE M. RAATS, RICHARD SHEPHERD. 2012. The Role of Self-Identity, Past Behavior, and
Their Interaction in Predicting Intention to Purchase Fresh and Processed Organic Food1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology
42:10.1111/jasp.2012.42.issue-3, 669-688. [CrossRef]
26. Katja Soyez, June N. P. Francis, Maria M. Smirnova. 2012. How individual, product and situational determinants affect the
intention to buy and organic food buying behavior: a cross-national comparison in five nations. der markt 51, 27-35. [CrossRef]
27. Jos Bartels, Isabelle van den Berg. 2011. Fresh fruit and vegetables and the added value of antioxidants. British Food Journal
113:11, 1339-1352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
28. Nadine Wettstein, Jon H. Hanf, Christine Burggraf. 2011. Unshakable loyalty in the food sector: sustainable customer
retention. Empirical study of organic food consumers in Germany. Journal fr Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit
6, 359-365. [CrossRef]
29. Molly Bean, Jeff S. Sharp. 2011. Profiling alternative food system supporters: The personal and social basis of local and
organic food support. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 26, 243-254. [CrossRef]
30. Cong Nie, Lydia Zepeda. 2011. Lifestyle segmentation of US food shoppers to examine organic and local food consumption.
Appetite 57, 28-37. [CrossRef]
31. Duncan Hunter, Meika Foster, Jennifer O. McArthur, Rachel Ojha, Peter Petocz, Samir Samman. 2011. Evaluation of the
Micronutrient Composition of Plant Foods Produced by Organic and Conventional Agricultural Methods. Critical Reviews
in Food Science and Nutrition 51, 571-582. [CrossRef]
32. David Pearson, Joanna Henryks, Hannah Jones. 2011. Organic food: What we know (and do not know) about consumers.
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 26, 171-177. [CrossRef]
33. Sylwia akowskaBiemans. 2011. Polish consumer food choices and beliefs about organic food. British Food Journal 113:1,
Downloaded by RMIT University At 08:28 27 February 2016 (PT)

122-137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

34. Damian C. Adams, Matthew J. Salois. 2010. Local versus organic: A turn in consumer preferences and willingness-to-pay.
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25, 331-341. [CrossRef]
35. Alison Rieple, Rajbir Singh. 2010. A value chain analysis of the organic cotton industry: The case of UK retailers and Indian
suppliers. Ecological Economics 69, 2292-2302. [CrossRef]
36. Somnath Chakrabarti. 2010. Factors influencing organic food purchase in India expert survey insights. British Food Journal
112:8, 902-915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
37. Fabio Napolitano, Ada Braghieri, Edi Piasentier, Saida Favotto, Simona Naspetti, Raffaele Zanoli. 2010. Cheese liking and
consumer willingness to pay as affected by information about organic production. Journal of Dairy Research 77, 280-286.
[CrossRef]
38. Marija Cerjak, eljka Mesi, Marko Kopi, Damir Kovai, Jerko Markovina. 2010. What Motivates Consumers to Buy
Organic Food: Comparison of Croatia, Bosnia Herzegovina, and Slovenia. Journal of Food Products Marketing 16, 278-292.
[CrossRef]
39. Samantha Smith, Angela Paladino. 2010. Eating clean and green? Investigating consumer motivations towards the purchase
of organic food. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) 18, 93-104. [CrossRef]
40. Ruth Yeung, Wallace Yee, Joe Morris. 2010. The effects of riskreducing strategies on consumer perceived risk and on
purchase likelihood. British Food Journal 112:3, 306-322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
41. Molly J. Dahm, Aurelia V. Samonte, Amy R. Shows. 2009. Organic Foods: Do Eco-Friendly Attitudes Predict Eco-Friendly
Behaviors?. Journal of American College Health 58, 195-202. [CrossRef]
42. Koen Mondelaers, Wim Verbeke, Guido Van Huylenbroeck. 2009. Importance of health and environment as quality traits in
the buying decision of organic products. British Food Journal 111:10, 1120-1139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
43. Joris Aertsens, Wim Verbeke, Koen Mondelaers, Guido Van Huylenbroeck. 2009. Personal determinants of organic food
consumption: a review. British Food Journal 111:10, 1140-1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
44. Anssi Tarkiainen, Sanna Sundqvist. 2009. Product involvement in organic food consumption: Does ideology meet practice?.
Psychology and Marketing 26:10.1002/mar.v26:9, 844-863. [CrossRef]
45. MeiFang Chen. 2009. Attitude toward organic foods among Taiwanese as related to health consciousness, environmental
attitudes, and the mediating effects of a healthy lifestyle. British Food Journal 111:2, 165-178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
46. Biing-Hwan Lin, Travis A. Smith, Chung L. Huang. 2008. Organic premiums of US fresh produce. Renewable Agriculture
and Food Systems 23. . [CrossRef]
47. George N. Lodorfos, June Dennis. 2008. Consumers Intent: In the Organic Food Market. Journal of Food Products Marketing
14, 17-38. [CrossRef]
48. L.E. Annett, V. Muralidharan, P.C. Boxall, S.B. Cash, W.V. Wismer. 2008. Influence of Health and Environmental
Information on Hedonic Evaluation of Organic and Conventional Bread. Journal of Food Science 73, H50-H57. [CrossRef]
 49. Nina Michaelidou, Louise M. Hassan. 2008. The role of health consciousness, food safety concern and ethical identity
on attitudes and intentions towards organic food. International Journal of Consumer Studies 32:10.1111/ijc.2008.32.issue-2,
163-170. [CrossRef]
50. Efthimia Tsakiridou, Christina Boutsouki, Yorgos Zotos, Kostantinos Mattas. 2008. Attitudes and behaviour towards organic
products: an exploratory study. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 36:2, 158-175. [Abstract] [Full
Text] [PDF]
51. Mei-Fang Chen. 2007. Consumer attitudes and purchase intentions in relation to organic foods in Taiwan: Moderating effects
of food-related personality traits. Food Quality and Preference 18, 1008-1021. [CrossRef]
52. Gunne Grankvist, Anders Biel. 2007. The impact of environmental information on professional purchasers' choice of products.
Business Strategy and the Environment 16:10.1002/bse.v16:6, 421-429. [CrossRef]
53. Gunne Grankvist, Anders Biel. 2007. Predictors of purchase of eco-labelled food products: A panel study. Food Quality and
Preference 18, 701-708. [CrossRef]
54. Rene Shaw Hughner, Pierre McDonagh, Andrea Prothero, Clifford J. Shultz, Julie Stanton. 2007. Who are organic food
consumers? A compilation and review of why people purchase organic food. Journal of Consumer Behaviour 6:10.1002/
cb.v6:2/3, 94-110. [CrossRef]
55. Gunne Grankvist, Hans Lekedal, Maarit Marmendal. 2007. Values and eco and fairtrade labelled products. British Food
Journal 109:2, 169-181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
56. Lydia Zepeda, Hui-Shung Chang, Catherine Leviten-Reid. 2006. Organic Food Demand: A Focus Group Study Involving
Caucasian and African-American Shoppers. Agriculture and Human Values 23, 385-394. [CrossRef]
57. Athanassios Krystallis, Christos Fotopoulos, Yiorgos Zotos. 2006. Organic Consumers' Profile and Their Willingness to Pay
Downloaded by RMIT University At 08:28 27 February 2016 (PT)

(WTP) for Selected Organic Food Products in Greece. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 19, 81-106. [CrossRef]
58. Pirjo Honkanen, Bas Verplanken, Svein Ottar Olsen. 2006. Ethical values and motives driving organic food choice. Journal
of Consumer Behaviour 5:10.1002/cb.v5:5, 420-430. [CrossRef]
59. Bruce A. Scholten. 2006. Firefighters in the UK and the US: Risk perception of local and organic foods. Scottish Geographical
Journal 122, 130-148. [CrossRef]
60. Ruth M.W. Yeung, Joe Morris. 2006. An empirical study of the impact of consumer perceived risk on purchase likelihood:
a modelling approach. International Journal of Consumer Studies 30:10.1111/ijc.2006.30.issue-3, 294-305. [CrossRef]
61. Katariina Roininen, Anne Arvola, Liisa Lhteenmki. 2006. Exploring consumers perceptions of local food with two different
qualitative techniques: Laddering and word association. Food Quality and Preference 17, 20-30. [CrossRef]
62. Faidon Magkos, Fotini Arvaniti, Antonis Zampelas. 2006. Organic Food: Buying More Safety or Just Peace of Mind? A
Critical Review of the Literature. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 46, 23-56. [CrossRef]
63. Anssi Tarkiainen, Sanna Sundqvist. 2005. Subjective norms, attitudes and intentions of Finnish consumers in buying organic
food. British Food Journal 107:11, 808-822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
64. George M. Chryssohoidis, Athanassios Krystallis. 2005. Organic consumers personal values research: Testing and validating
the list of values (LOV) scale and implementing a value-based segmentation task. Food Quality and Preference 16, 585-599.
[CrossRef]
65. Hui-Shung Chang, Lydia Zepeda. 2005. Consumer perceptions and demand for organic food in Australia: Focus group
discussions. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20, 155-167. [CrossRef]
66. Athanasios Krystallis, George Chryssohoidis. 2005. Consumers' willingness to pay for organic food. British Food Journal
107:5, 320-343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
67. Richard Shepherd, Maria Magnusson, Per-Olow Sjdn. 2005. Determinants of Consumer Behavior Related to Organic
Foods. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 34, 352. [CrossRef]
68. A. Rosati, A. Aumaitre. 2004. Organic dairy farming in Europe. Livestock Production Science 90, 41-51. [CrossRef]
69. Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis, Athanasios Krystallis, Athanasios Krystallis. 2004. Health and Environmental Consciousness.
Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing 15, 93-136. [CrossRef]
70. Bernt Aarset, Suzanna Beckmann, Enrique Bigne, Malcolm Beveridge, Trond Bjorndal, Jane Bunting, Pierre McDonagh,
Catherine Mariojouls, James Muir, Andrea Prothero, Lucia Reisch, Andrew Smith, Ragnar Tveteras, James Young. 2004.
The European consumers understanding and perceptions of the organic food regime. British Food Journal 106:2, 93-105.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
71. Anna Saba, Federico Messina. 2003. Attitudes towards organic foods and risk/benefit perception associated with pesticides.
Food Quality and Preference 14, 637-645. [CrossRef]
72. Christos Fotopoulos, Athanasios Krystallis, Mitchell Ness. 2003. Wine produced by organic grapes in Greece: using means
end chains analysis to reveal organic buyers' purchasing motives in comparison to the non-buyers. Food Quality and Preference
14, 549-566. [CrossRef]
 73. Maria K Magnusson, Anne Arvola, Ulla-Kaisa Koivisto Hursti, Lars berg, Per-Olow Sjdn. 2003. Choice of organic
foods is related to perceived consequences for human health and to environmentally friendly behaviour. Appetite 40, 109-117.
[CrossRef]
74. Faidon Magkos, Fotini Arvaniti, Antonis Zampelas. 2003. Organic food: nutritious food or food for thought? A review of the
evidence. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 54, 357-371. [CrossRef]
75. Christos Fotopoulos, Athanasios Krystallis. 2002. Purchasing motives and profile of the Greek organic consumer: a
countrywide survey. British Food Journal 104:9, 730-765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
76. P. ODonovan, M. McCarthy. 2002. Irish consumer preference for organic meat. British Food Journal 104:3/4/5, 353-370.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
77. Aikaterini Makatouni. 2002. What motivates consumers to buy organic food in the UK?. British Food Journal 104:3/4/5,
345-352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
78. Gemma C. Harper, Aikaterini Makatouni. 2002. Consumer perception of organic food production and farm animal welfare.
British Food Journal 104:3/4/5, 287-299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
79. C. Fotopoulos, A. Krystallis. 2002. Organic product avoidance. British Food Journal 104:3/4/5, 233-260. [Abstract] [Full
Text] [PDF]
80. Lisa Squires, Biljana Juric, T. Bettina Cornwell. 2001. Level of market development and intensity of organic food
consumption: crosscultural study of Danish and New Zealand consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing 18:5, 392-409.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
81. Helen La Trobe. 2001. Farmers' markets: consuming local rural produce. International Journal of Consumer Studies 25,
181-192. [CrossRef]
Downloaded by RMIT University At 08:28 27 February 2016 (PT)

82. Maria K. Magnusson, Anne Arvola, UllaKaisa Koivisto Hursti, Lars berg, PerOlow Sjdn. 2001. Attitudes towards
organic foods among Swedish consumers. British Food Journal 103:3, 209-227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
83. Hendrik N.J. Schifferstein, Peter A.M. Oude Ophuis. 1998. Health-related determinants of organic food consumption in
The Netherlands. Food Quality and Preference 9, 119-133. [CrossRef]