STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CES511)

IMPLEMENTATION OF OPEN-ENDED LAB:

THE PROCEDURES AND EVALUATION

BY:
KAY DORA ABD GHANI
SENIOR LECTURER
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
UiTM PULAU PINANG

LECTURERS OF CES511 (SEPT 2014 JAN 2015):

KAY DORA ABD GHANI (RESOURCE PERSON)
IR. DR. YEE HOOI MIN
BADRUL NIZAM ISMAIL
MOHD. AZUAN TUKIAR 1
WHAT IS OEL?

OEL is a group laboratory assignment where students

need to come out with an experiment related to a
general topic given to them in that particular semester.
Each group has to come out with a title, determines the
objectives and scopes as well as able to list all the
apparatus needed. They will be given time to complete
the experiment and submit a report of their experiment.
Final presentation is executed in a form of poster
competition session and the judges will give them marks
based on their knowledge, presentation, creativity and
innovation (Noorhisham et al, 2012)
2
WHY IMPLEMENT OEL?

The Engineering Accreditation Manual (EAC) 2012

Students should receive sufficient laboratory
work to complement engineering theory that is
learnt through lectures. The laboratory should
help students develop competence in executing
experimental work. Throughout the program,
there should be adequate provision for
laboratory or similar investigative work, which
will develop the young engineer the confidence
to deal with new and unusual engineering
problem. 3
LEVEL OF OEL

4
 FLOWCHART OF OPEN-ENDED LABORATORY (CES 511 SEPT 2014 JAN 2015)
INITIAL STUDY & LITERATURE REVIEW
Students are required to identify and understand the method of
strengthening of RC beam from scholarly research work
Students are required to identify and understand the method of
retrofitting of damaged RC beam from scholarly research
Reading research papers/journal
articles/books etc.
Identify available material in the laboratory
for strengthening and retrofitting purposes.

WEEK 4-6

Understanding the problem that has been set

PRESENTATION OF PROCEDURES
Students are acquired to present their proposed experimental work
on strengthening and retrofitting the RC beams
Design and detailing of specimen (EC2)

LABORATORY WORK Concrete mix design

Preparation of reinforcement bars for simply-supported beam
specimens
For tension reinforcement, use T12
For compression reinforcement (use T10) and links (use R8)
Three (3) beams need to be prepared, consist of:
Preparation of material (aggregate, sand & cement) please ensure
i) 2 normal RC beams (control specimen)
the course aggregate is sieve before mixing.
WEEK 7-8 ii) 1 composite RC beam that has been
Prepare mould for beams (150x150x750mm) and cubes
strengthened using steel fiber, polypropylene
(150x150mm)
fiber, nails, Kenaf or other materials.
Concrete mixing (for control and composite at a same time)
Casting of concrete for beams and cubes
Workability test (e.g. slump test) for both control and composite
specimens. Six (6) cubes need to be prepared, consist of:
Specimen demoulding after 1-day of casting i) 3 normal cubes (control specimen)
Curing process inside water tank ii) 3 composite cubes.
Other details: Cover 20mm, Maximum Aggregate 20mm,

Preparing the lab report

TESTING OF SPECIMENS (@28-DAY OF CURING)
WEEK 12-13 Flexural three-point bending test for beams
Compressive strength test for cubes
Follow Rules, Regulations and Procedures

WEEK 14 SUBMIT LAB REPORT

5
The easy way to get scholarly references.

6
 LISTS OF OEL LEVEL 2 AND 3 FOR CES511
BIL LEVEL TITLE OBJECTIVES EXPLANATION

1 2 COMPRESSIVE TEST To compare the Students are required to carry out the compressive strength on
ON COMPOSITE compression strength of control specimens and composite specimens. Comparison
MATERIALS the composite material between these specimens is to be recorded and discussed.
with normal concrete at
28-day of curing.
2 3 MONITORING THE To determine the crack The students are required to carry out the flexural testing under
CRACK behavior of the reinforced three-point bending test on one control beam specimen after 28-
PROPAGATION OF concrete beam day of curing. During testing, students need to monitor crack
REINFORCED experimentally. propagation of specimens. The testing is to be carried out until
CONCRETE BEAM failure and record the maximum load carrying capacity of the
beam.
3 3 STRENGTHENING OF To propose the Strengthening of reinforced concrete beam is carried out using
REINFORCED techniques to strengthen any composite material to enhance the flexural performance of
CONCRETE BEAM the beam using any the beam. Students are required to carry out flexural testing
composite material and under three-point bending test on the composite beam specimen
compare with control after 28-day of curing. From the experiment, students need to
specimen. compare by observing the crack propagation of specimens and
compare the strength between the control specimen and the
strengthened specimen.
4 3 REPAIR AND To propose the There are several materials needed for patch repair such as CFRP,
RETROFITTING OF techniques to repair and steel plate, epoxy, reinforcement bar, bolting and other methods.
REINFORCED retrofitting damaged By using the second control specimen, students are required to do
CONCRETE BEAM reinforced concrete beam flexural testing on the specimen until 30% of the maximum load
and compared with from the first control specimen or first crack (whichever occurs
results before retrofitting first). This is to ensure that the specimen is crack and students are
required to repair the specimen using suggested techniques and
methods. Students must read any related journal papers before 7
carry out the repair work on the specimen.
DESIGN DATA FOR BEAM SPECIMEN
Grade C25/30 Example:

Cover = 20mm
Maximum size of aggregate = 20mm
Dimension of specimen:
150x150x750mm
Gk = 5 N/mm2
Qk = 2 N/mm2
Tension reinforcement bar: T12
Compression reinforcement bar: T10
Link: R8

8
CONCRETE MIX
DESIGN

9
10
Flexural Test

Compressive Test

11
REPAIRED RC BEAM WITH STEEL PLATE

12
COVER LAB REPORT

13
 MARKING SCHEME FOR LAB REPORT / RUBRICS
LEVEL Excellent Good Fair Poor
DOMAIN C5-C6 C3-C4 C2 C1
CRITERIA/RUBRICS/MARKS
Introduction & 10.0 7.5 5.0 2.5
Objective Clearly written with evidence of Has included everything that Has included everything that Have very little introductory
relevant extra reading regarding was in the relevant handout, was in the relevant handout, but information but no relevant
background principles of the and some evidence of extra elements are missing e.g. no theory and no objectives of
experiment. Clearly identifies reading, but the structure justification for the study, no the experiment.
objectives of the experiment. Have isn't very clear and appears extra reading, poor structure, no
something novel in it as compared disjointed. OR it is well hypotheses.
to the supplied handout. written, but shows no
evidence of any extra reading.
Apparatus/ procedure 10.0 7.5 5.0 2.5
Contains all of the relevant Procedure is clearly stated Somewhat confused and some One or more sub-sections
information about the methods with good sentences, but information are missing. Parts (e.g. design, apparatus or
used; clearly and systematically some relevant information have been included under the procedure) are missing,
described. Correctly describes the has been omitted. wrong headings. confused, or parts are
formal design and procedures of included under the wrong
the study, including an accurate sub-section.
specification of the parameters
used.
Result & Analysis 10.0 7.5 5.0 2.5
Logical and clear presentation of Does show some Does not appear to have Has graphs or tables, but
relevant descriptive and inferential understanding, and has understood the results. No without any accompanying
statistical results, with error presented the information in graphs, or graphs are in the written explanation. OR has
percentage. Clear, well-labeled a logical format. Standard wrong place (e.g. in an some writing, but no tables
figures and tables, with a clear deviations or standard errors appendix). Only skimpy or or graphs.
accompanying written description missing from tables or graphs, inaccurate explanations
of what they show, in the context figures/tables labeled supplied. Has included irrelevant 14
of the study. incorrectly. graphs, or has included the raw
data in the results section.
 MARKING SCHEME FOR LAB REPORT / RUBRICS
LEVEL Excellent
DOMAIN C5-C6
CRITERIA/RUBRICS/MARKS
Discussion 10.0
Clear summary of main results,
followed by a successful attempt to
relate the findings to relevant
previous theoretical and empirical
research. Intelligent evaluation of the
strengths, weaknesses and limitations
of the study that was performed.
Conclusion & 10.0
Recommendation Shows good understanding of the
experimental output and all important have been drawn but there misstated which indicating lack of
point have been clearly made.
Conclusion in lab & in report based on
objective of the experimental work
with convincing remarks. Give
sensible suggestions for possible
improvements and extensions.
References & 5.0
Appendices Reference and appendix sufficient
with well-organized and proper
citation
Appearance & 5.0
Formatting All sections in order, well-formatted
and very readable.
Good Fair Poor
C3-C4 C2 C1
7.5 5.0 2.5
Poor structure, but Poor structure, things in the Skimpy (e.g. one
contains the essential wrong order, shows little paragraph) with no
elements. OR the structure understanding of what the study attempt to relate results
is good, but elements are was about, what the results mean, to relevant theoretical
missing. or how they relate to previous and empirical research.
work. Insufficient discussion in
report with wrong expectation on
results.
7.5 5.0 2.5
All important conclusions Conclusions drawn but with many Major important points
are missing.
is insufficient understanding. No
understanding of the recommendations given.
experiment with not so
related recommendations.
3.75 2.5 1.25
Reference & appendix One of the part either reference Reference & appendix
related to the task is or appendix is missing. not related to the task
insufficient
3.75 2.5 1.25
All sections in order, Sections in order, contains Sections out of order,
formatting generally good minimum allowable amount of too much handwritten
but could still be improved. handwritten copy, formatting is copy, sloppy formatting. 15
rough but readable.
LAB SAFETY GUIDELINES
The following information is intended to make you better informed;
formal training is required for regular access to the laboratories.
1. The most important safety practice you can follow is to do nothing
until you are sure that what you are doing is safe. When in doubt,
ask the technical staff, graduate students, or faculty whether you
are following recommended safety procedures.
2. Know the location of exits, telephones, fire extinguishers, material
safety data sheets, safety showers and eye washes for use (either
your own use or to assist someone else) in case of emergency.
3. Safety glasses or goggles must be worn at all times in the
laboratories which require them.
4. Tie back or otherwise secure long hair, dangling jewelry, or clothing.
5. Always wear shoes in the laboratory. DO NOT WEAR SANDALS
or perforated shoes.
6. DO NOT RUN in the laboratory areas (to avoid collision with people
who may carry chemicals).
16
LAB SAFETY GUIDELINES
7. DO NOT work alone in the laboratory if you are working with
hazardous materials.
8. Do not leave a mess. Always check and wipe down your area.
9. Do not cover up accidents -- they happen. When they do, post a
no admittance sign detailing the hazard. Do not move the
problem out of the area.
10. If you discover a fire or fire-related emergency such as abnormal
heating of material, hazardous gas leaks, hazardous material or
flammable liquid spill, smoke, or odor of burning, immediately
follow these steps:
Activate the building fire alarm system (fire full station)
Notify the Fire Department by dialing 991

17
RULES AND REGULATIONS

1. Academic and administrative conducts

of UiTM are to be strictly followed.

2. MC is accepted for attendance purposes

only. Absences will result in a grade of
zero for Laboratory Report.

3. Laboratory Report will be collected on a

specified dates only. Late submission
will not be graded.

4. Students must be punctual for all lab

session. No excuses are accepted.

5. Dressing Code must be complied

18
PLAGIARISM

19
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Q & A s

20