Name ____________________________

To complete the immigration presentation portion of your work plan, you

may choose to create:

1. Poster
2. Brochure
3. Essay
4. Book

1 2 3 4
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 voice, and voice, and
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Push Factors - The Italian Immigration Experience
To understand the major push factors that drove
Italians away from their home country, it is first
necessary to understand that the unification of Italy was
a long and difficult process. Throughout this process
there has been a consistent divide between the Northern
Italians and the Southern Italians. The Northern
Italians have their heritage from the northern parts of
Europe, while Southern Italians had racial mixings from
such neighboring countries as Greece and Africa. This
resulted in physical as well as cultural differences
between both regions. The north is where the wealth and
major cities of Italy were concentrated and the south was
made up of farmers and small villages.
Italy became unified during the mid-to-late 1800s
and to fund the building of a new government
infrastructure, the north began heavy taxation on the
south. There was also stripping of the land for resources
and a string of natural disasters that left most of the
south in heavy poverty and unsafe living conditions with
no real signs of future prosperity. With no jobs for the
youth of Italy, a mass exodus of young Italian men to
America began in the late 1800s.

Push Factors - The German Immigration Experience

The push factors for German immigrants varied
during different times in history. The first German
immigrants (late 1600s) left their homeland for religious
reasons. They came to America in search of religious
freedom. The next group of German immigrants (1700s)
left for safety reasons. Foreign armies were attacking
Germany and people did not feel safe there. In the 1800s
industrialization caused many people to leave Germany.
These people lost their jobs when factories started using
machines to do the work. Farmers were also
experiencing poor harvests at this time. During the 1930
and 1940s many Germans left to escape Adolf Hitlers
Nazi government.
Push Factors - The Japanese Immigration
Experience
The Japanese came to America for several reasons.
Around 1854, the United States and Japan signed a treaty
of trade, peace, and friendship. They treaty opened
Japanese harbors to American ships. The Japanese
government spent a lot of money to make their schools,
businesses, and army more modern, which led to
unemployment, bankruptcies, and civil disorders. The
people living in Japan were charged with high taxes that
they couldnt afford. The Japanese immigrated to the
United States (mainly Hawaii) because there was more
job opportunity.
Push Factors - The Irish Immigration Experience
In the sixteenth century, Britain completed its
conquest of Ireland. This new British rule was determined
to not only take land and economic prosperity away from
the Irish, but to completely wipe out their culture as well.
The Catholic religion was greatly discouraged, and Irish-
Catholics had their land taken away from them. They
were economically and politically repressed. By the
seventeenth century, over ten thousand Irish had left for
America.
The years between 1845 and 1852 produced what is
the most devastating time in Irelands history, an Gorta
Mor, The Great Hunger, also known as The Great
Famine. There are two main causes for The Great
Hunger. The first cause was a fungus that destroyed
Irelands potatoes, which were their livelihood. Potatoes
were the primary food for the Irish, and now they were
starving to death in Ireland. The second cause was the
wealthy British landowners grew corn and wheat and
raised animals on their land; but it wasnt being used to
save the dying Irish. It was being exported to England to
pay rents and taxes. Between the years of 1845 and
1852 one million Irish died from starvation and disease.
Another two million escaped death by immigrating.

Pull Factors for Immigrants

The pull factors for immigrants going to America were
similar across all of the immigrant groups we studied.
America was a country of religious and political freedom.
Immigrants hoped for a new life where they could be
with their families, secure good jobs, and own land. They
dreamed of a country where the streets were paved with
gold.