Department

of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering

Transport Phenomena
CHME 611
Course Syllabus
Fall 2014

What is Transport Phenomena:

Study of the principles of momentum, heat and mass transport (text

book chapters: 1- 7) and their applica?ons to unit opera?ons (text book
chapters: 7-14):

Momentum Transport: Fluid ow, mixing, etc.

Heat Transport: Drying, evapora?on, dis?lla?on, etc.

Mass Transport: Dis?lla?on, absorp?on, liquid-liquid extrac?on, etc.

 Transport phenomena (general)
General Molecular Transport EquaGons:

Molecular (diusive) transport: Momentum, heat

and mass are ul?mately transported via
interac?on at a molecular level.

Convec?ve (bulk) transport: In uids via many

thousands of molecules move temporarily as
aggregates (e.g., in eddies may be dened as eddies)
the gross mo?on of these clumps (bucket) of uid.
 Momentum Equa?on (Newtons Law of Viscocity)

yx is the x-directed shear stress (N/m2 ) in a plane

perpendicular to the y axis and parallel to the x axis (action of
shear stress on the xy plane),

is the dynamic (absolute) viscosity of the fluid (Ns/m2 =

Pas), and

d x
dy

is the velocity gradient, shear rate or strain rate (s1).

 Fouriers Heat Conduc?on Law

Q z = - kt A dT
dz

Qz is the z-directed heat ux (W/m2 ),
k is the thermal conduc?vity of the medium through which
the heat ows (W/mK), and
dT is the temperature gradient (K/m).
dz
 Molecular Mass Eq. (Ficks Law):

J = D AB * dC A/dz
Az

J Az is the z-directed molar diusion ux of component A
through component B (mol A/m2s),

D AB is the mass diusion coecient of component A in

component B (m /s), and

dC A/dz is the concentra?on gradient of component A

(mol A/m4).

 Proper?es
Viscosity:
The viscosity is the resistance of a uid to ow
(resistance of uid's laminar molecules to the
applied external shearing (tangen?al) force.

When a real uid moves (deforms), internal shear

forces opposing the direc?on of its mo?on come
into being (called uid fric?on or viscosity).

Ideal uid has no resistance to shear deforma?on
(inviscid uid; = 0 ). Its ow is called fric?onless
ow.

 Viscosity of Gases
Gases:
In gases, the intermolecular forces are
negligible, so as the temperature increases,
the molecular ac?vity (random mo?on)
increases and so is the viscosity
T , increases.

f (P) up to about 10 atm
(for P 10 atm, P , )
 Viscosity of Liquids
In liquids, the intermolecular forces are strong since the
molecules are closely spaced. As the temperature increases,
the cohesive forces decreases; the resistance to the rela?ve
mo?on of molecules from one layer to another decreases
decreases.
Viscosity Units:
has the unit of Ns/m2 or Pas or kg/ms
1 poise (Jean Loius Poiseuille: 1799-1869) = 1 g/cms
1 cP (cen?poise) = 0.01 poise = 0.001 Pas
= /
is called kinema?c viscosity and has the units of m2/s
1 st (Sir George Stokes: 1819-1903) = 1 cm2/s
Viscosity of liquids are 2 X larger than that of gases.
Viscosity of Liquids and Gases

He 1.96

H2 2.08
Gases
O2 1.91
105 at 20C (Pas)
N2 1.67
CO2 1.38
Air 1.71
Mercury (25C) 1.53

Benzene (25C) 0.601
Liquids Benzene (50C) 0.898
103 (Pas) CO2 (0C) 0.098
Water (25C) 0.890
Glycerin (20C) 1500
Ethanol (20C) 1.21
Gasoline 0.29

Benzene 0.65

Fresh water 1
Liquids
at 20C (cP) Sea water 1.07
Mercury 1.56
Kerosene 1.92
Crude oil 7.2
Glycerin 1494