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Low-CostDCMotorSpeedControlwithCMOSICs
OUTPUTS
Author: Scott Sangster,
Microchip Technology, Inc. FouroutputsdriveaMOSFETH-bridge,toproviderapidmotor-
speedchangesandmotor-directionreversal.Thelowerrailpower
MOSFETs are N-channel devices, the upper MOSFETs are P-
INTRODUCTION channel.AllfouraredrivendirectlybytheTC4469.
Twolow-costCMOSICsmanagea12VDC,current-limitedspeed Inthelowerraildevices,asmallseriesresistorhelpspreventgate
control circuit for DC brush motors. The circuit design (see oscillationandslowstransitiontime,helpingtheupperdeviceto
Figure1)usesPWM(pulsewidthmodulation)tochoptheeffective stay"OFF."Formotorvoltagesover12VDC,aresistordividerand
inputvoltagetothemotor.UseofCMOSdevicesgivesthebenefits low-costlevelshifttransistorcanbeaddedeasilyandeconomically
oflowpower,minimalheatandimprovedlongevity.Theoverall tomaintaina15VDCgatedrivefortheupperrailMOSFETs.Since
designissimple,inexpensiveandreliable,andisusefulinapplica- theICM7555andTC4469neednegligiblecurrent,asimplelinear
tions such as embedded DC motor control where efficiency, regulatorcanpowerthemfromthepositivemotorsupplywhenitis
economyandperformanceareessential. above15VDC.Zenerdiodescanbeusedtohelpprotectthegates
fromsupplytransients.Gate-to-sourcecapacitorshelpkeepthe
CIRCUIT CONCEPT upperMOSFETs"OFF"whenthelowerMOSFETinthesameleg
A CMOS update of the popular bipolar-555 timer device is used turns"ON,"causingahighdV/dT.KeepingtheupperMOSFET
becauseitdrawsmuchloweroperatingcurrentsandthusrunscooler gatedriveimpedancelowinthe"OFF"statewillalsohelp.
andlastslongerintypicaloperatingenvironments.Byadjustingthe
wiperofthespeed-controlpotentiometer,output-signaldutycycle,or AsenseresistorinthegroundlegoftheH-bridgeprovidesaneasy
pulsewidth,canbevariedfrom2%to98%.Operatingfrequencyis waytosensemotorcurrent,pulsebypulse,regardlessofforward
fixedat20kHz,toremainintheinaudiblerange. orreversemotorrotation.Thissignalisfilteredandappliedtothe
ICM7555toinhibitPWMgenerationifmotorcurrentexceedsthe
Twosignalsaregenerated:thePWMsignal,andadirectionsignal allowedvalue.
(high=forward,low=reverse).Thesesignalsbecomeinputstothe
TC4469, a CMOS Quad MOSFET driver. Its logic inputs allow CONCLUSIONS
properoutputchoppingandcommutation. This flexible, inexpensive circuit eliminates costly PWM devices
and complex floating upper rail drives, while still delivering efficient
motor control and protection.
+12V
1k
220F 0.1F 1k 0.01F 0.01F 1k
8
Speed 7 14
100k
1 4
3 9
1N4148 5 13
6 ICM7555 3 8 TC4469 12
6
1k
1k 47 +
10
2 5 11
Servo
1N4148 47 Motor
1 4 7 2
0.01F
820pF +12V
10k
Direction 1k
2N3904
2200pF 0.047F
0.18
2002MicrochipTechnologyInc. DS00807A-page1
AN807
NOTES:
03/01/02
*DS00807A*