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This document provides information about the drug alprazolam, including its therapeutic classification as an anti-anxiety/sedative/hypnotic agent, pharmacologic classification as a benzodiazepine, approved indications for anxiety and panic disorders, dosing and administration guidelines, nursing implications, and patient education points. Key details include common side effects of dry mouth and drowsiness, risks of dependence and withdrawal symptoms if discontinued rapidly, and warnings against combining alprazolam with other CNS depressants or alcohol.
This document provides information about the drug alprazolam, including its therapeutic classification as an anti-anxiety/sedative/hypnotic agent, pharmacologic classification as a benzodiazepine, approved indications for anxiety and panic disorders, dosing and administration guidelines, nursing implications, and patient education points. Key details include common side effects of dry mouth and drowsiness, risks of dependence and withdrawal symptoms if discontinued rapidly, and warnings against combining alprazolam with other CNS depressants or alcohol.
This document provides information about the drug alprazolam, including its therapeutic classification as an anti-anxiety/sedative/hypnotic agent, pharmacologic classification as a benzodiazepine, approved indications for anxiety and panic disorders, dosing and administration guidelines, nursing implications, and patient education points. Key details include common side effects of dry mouth and drowsiness, risks of dependence and withdrawal symptoms if discontinued rapidly, and warnings against combining alprazolam with other CNS depressants or alcohol.
ALPRAZOLAM (XANAX, XANAX XR, APO -ALPRAZ, o Insomnia (UNLABLED USE): PO 0.25-0.5 mg at bedtime. NIRAVAM) THERAPETUIC CLASSIFICATION: ANTIANXIETY/ PO ORAL SEDATIVE/ HYPNOTIC DISINTEGRATING PHARMACOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION: BENZODIAZEPINE, ONSET 1 HR SHORT/INTERMEDIATE ACTING PEAK 1-2 HR 1.5-2 HR. INDICATIONS: ANXIETY WITH OR WITHOUT DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, PANIC DISORDERS WITH OR WITHOUT AGORAPHOBIA 1 . NURSING IMPLICATIONS: UNL ABELED USES: PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC Common Side Effects: Dry Mouth, Dizziness, Drowsiness, DISORDER 2 , INSOMNIA, PMS, ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL Orthostatic Hypotension, Blurred Vision. SYNDROME Adverse Effects: Suicide, ECG Changes, Tachycardia. ACTION: DEPRESSES SUBCORTICAL LEVELS OF CNS, Interactions: CNS depression: chamomile, kava, melatonin, INCLUDING LMBIC SYSTEM, RETICUL AR FORMATION. St. Johns Wort, valerian. Avoid Grapefruit it increases product level. DOSAGE AND ROUTES: Altered Lab Values (Long Term Use): Increases ALT, AST, o Anxiety: PO 0.25-0.5 mg TID (increase Q3-4 days if bilirubin, creatinine LDH, and alkaline Phosphatase needed, max 4mg/day) (indicates renal dysfunction, monitor I&O). May cause: blood o Panic Disorder: dycrasias4, decrease HCT, and neutropenia. PO 0.5 mg TID (increase 1 mg/day for Q3-4 days, Administration: Should be given with food or milk to avoid max 10 mg/day) GI symptoms. However, high-fat meals impede absorption. Extended Release (Xanax XR) initial dosage 0.5-1 Can be crushed. Place oral disintegrating TABS on the mg PO daily in AM. Maintenance 3-6 mg PO daily in tongue. When discontinuing reduce by 0.5 mg Q3 Days. AM. Give extended release tabs in the AM. Use sugarless gum, o Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (UNLABELED hard candy, or sips of water for dry mouth. USE): PO 0.25 mg BID-QID beginning on 16-18 day of Assessment: menses cycle3, taper over 2-3 days when menses o Mental status (especially in geriatrics): mood, sensorium, occurs, max 4 mg/day. anxiety, affect, sleeping, drowsiness, dizziness. o Hepatic Dose: Reduce
3 A cycle is counted from the first day of 1 period to the first
1 A panic attack caused when the individual feel trapped. day of the next period.
2 A severe form of PMS. 4 A pathologic condition of the cellular elements of blood.
o Assess dependency and withdrawal symptoms: vomiting, o Avoid using for everyday stress, doubling or skipping cramping, tremors, seizures. Rapid decrease in dose can doses, or using longer than 4 mo. (unless prescribed). cause withdrawal seizures. One sign of long term use is memory impairment. o Assess anxiety, panic attacks, agitation, seizures, Discontinue the medication slowly to avoid withdrawal headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, weakness, symptoms (see above). and suicidal tendencies. o Avoid OTC drugs unless approved, alcohol and CNS o Monitor for Orthostatic Hypotension, if BP drops 20 mm depressants can increase depression. Hg hold. o Avoid activities that require alertness, may cause o Pregnancy category D avoid breastfeeding. drowsiness. Patient Education: o Rise slowly to prevent fainting (Orthostatic Hypotension) 4 5 6 7 8