12.19 The graphs of fix) = dic and its first ‘three polynomial approximations KExample 2). BB Power Series 665 Series (4) generates useful polynomial approximations of f(x) =2/x for values ¥ yy 3-3 Pax) l Lee 3-24 Gees and so on (Fig. #16). a EXAMPLE 3 For whut values of x Jo the following power series converge? : ZL » Yen S » Dow's » Dep Solution Apply the Ratio Test to the series 57 uy), where u the series in question. the mb term of [fe ‘The series converges absolutely for [2] < 1. It diverges if |x| > 1 because the rte dows ot Converge 9 20. AL = 1, we gt the aerating bani Weer TASS At cab oaiege Aig ol ott 2-1/8 4-1, tc mga of tame se dep Ses (a} converges for —1 1 because the 1 as dont st snlecpe fats AL = 1 Be ces Meee 19+ U/S-~1/7-4--+ which comergs by te Alteaing Stee There, Ile) Soave 2 1 bone is ap a aematy oe fat ae co for coven Te ie = i he capa fe ln Series) comerges for 1 [eee = [ERE ona oo ules x Tira dice teint of metre a Example 3 illustrates how we usually test a power series for convergence, and the possible results.655. Chapter & Infinite Series "To slanplify the notation, Theorem 12 deals wat the comergenoe of series ofthe form Saat or series f the form Sas —a)* ‘We can replace x =. by x’ and apply the ols othe series Day) How to Test a Power Series for Convergence Step 1: Use the Rovio Test (or nth-Root Tesi 10 find the interval where the series converges absolutely: Ordinal his i an open interval fe-ai R (il does not even converge conditionally), ‘because the mth term does not approach zero for those wales of 1. Theorem 12 The Convergence Theorem for Power Series WS get a5 aye one? + Pz sonverges for x = ¢ é 0, then if eanverges absolutely for all |x| < lel. I the series diverges for x = d, them it diverges forall [x] > {dl Proof Suppose the series 7 jaac" eonverges, Then Lit, a: dac* there is-an integer N’ such that Jaye"| ld. we may take ¢ — ty it the First half of the theorem and conclude that the series converges abwolutely at d- But the seiies cannot converge absolutely and diverge at one and the same time: Henee, if it diverges at. it diverges forall |x| > Id a