Strengthening National

Disaster Databases in Asia

Study in Indonesia


 Strengthening the Quality, Reliability and Sustainability of National and Regional Disaster Databases

Indonesia

Tableofcontents

1. Introduction Page3
2. DisasterdatabaseinIndonesia Page4
3. Evaluationofdatabase Page6
4. Conclusionsandrecommendations Page12
Annex1:Disastergroupdefinitions Page16
Annex2:Disastertypedefinitions Page17
Annex3:Definitionsofhumanimpactindicators Page19
Annex4:BNPBdisastereventreport Page20
Annex5:Databaseentryform Page25

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1. Introduction
In the context of the Global Risk Identification Program (GRIP) of the United Nations Development
Program (UNDP) framework, sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development /
Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA), the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of
Disasters (CRED) coordinates a collaboration activity with disaster data compilation initiatives in the
Asian region. The present collaboration aims at the sharing of knowledge in order to improve the
visibility,accessibilityandapplicabilityofdisasterdatabasesatnationalandregionallevel.Thiswillbe
done by helping to reinforce disaster database structures and methodological and operational
approaches.Capacitybuildingisanessentialcomponent ofthis activity.The strengthening of disaster
databases will eventually serve the global, international, and national humanitarian communities
involvedindisasterresponseplanningandriskreduction.

Inordertoprovideusefulandreliabledisasterdata,thereisaneedforadequatedatabasestructures,
standardizedmethodologyandoperationalapproaches,andinteroperabledataformats.Improvement
of disaster analysis, as well as increased visibility and access of disaster data, need to be focused
specificallyonsmaller,intracountryspecialscalesandonanexpandedscope,byincludinghumanand
economicimpactindicators.

CRED hosts the EMDAT international database1 on natural and technological disasters. In EMDAT,
disastereventsandtheirhumanandeconomicimpactareanalyzedatagloballevel.Nationalandsub
nationaldatabasesprovidedisasterinformationatsmaller,intracountryscales,andarecomplementary
totheEMDATdatabase.

Next to onsite and remote technical assistance, CRED, in collaboration with the Badan Nasional
PenanggulanganBencana(NationalAgencyforDisasterManagement;BNPB)andUNDPIndonesia,will
describe in this report the general structure and present functioning of the BNPB disaster database.
Basedondiscussionof themethodological andoperational proceduresandidentification of strengths
andweaknessesofthedatabase,recommendationsforreinforcingthedisasterdatabasehavebeen

1
See:www.emdat.be

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established.Finally,theinputsofthesediscussionswillbethebasisfortheGeneralGuidelinesforthe
DevelopmentofDisasterDatabasesandtheCompilationofReliableData,tobedevelopedforexisting
and newly developing disaster data compilation initiatives, and the humanitarian community,
worldwide.

2. DisasterdatabaseinIndonesia

ThehistoricaldisasterdatabaseinIndonesiaiscalledDatadanInformasiBencanaIndonesia(Indonesian
Disaster Information and Data; Dibi). It is managed by BNPB. The database has been introduced by
UNDPRegionalBureauforCrisisPreventionandRecovery(RBCPR)andUNDPIndonesia.Togetherwith
the Indonesian National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), BAKORNAS PB (now BNPB), the
MinistryofHomeAffairsandDFID,UNDPsSCDRRprogramme2hassupportedthefurtherapplicationof
the database in Indonesia. With the law of the Republic of Indonesia number 24 of 2007 concerning
disaster management, natural disasters have become the domain of newly founded Government
institutions: BNPB and Badan Penanggulanggan Bencana Daerah (BPBD). At the national level,
BAKORNASPB(thepreviousNationalDisasterManagementCoordinatingAgency)isreplacedbyBNPB
while BPBD has taken over the task and mandate of the SATKORLAK PB (Provincial Units for Disaster
Response Coordination) and SATLAK PB (District Units for Disaster Response Coordination) bodies at
provincialanddistrictlevel.

In2005,thedisasterdatabaseinIndonesia,aDesinventardatabase,washousedwithinUNDPIndonesia.
In 2008, after a legal reforming process, the database was launched as a nationally owned database
housedwithinBNPB3.Dibisobjectivesaretoprovidedataforriskidentification,policyformulationand
decisionmaking,ultimatelyensuringthatfundsarechannelledtoriskreductionbasedonthetrendsand
patternsidentifiedthroughDibibasedanalysis.Thistypeofanalysiswillbenefitallstakeholders,

2
SaferCommunitiesthroughDisasterRiskReduction(SCDRR)inIndonesiaispartoftheUNJointStrategicProgrammeon
DisasterRiskReduction.
3
See:Lessonslearned:DisasterManagementLegalReformTheIndonesianExperience.NationalAgencyforDisaster
Management(BNPB),Indonesiagov;UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeIndonesia(UNDP),2009.

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focussingattentionondisasterriskinitiativesinacoherentmanneracrossthecountry.Thedatabaseis
availablethroughtheBNPBDibiwebsite4fortheyears1997to2008andtheDesinventarwebsite5for
theyears2002to2006.DibiisaccessibleintheBahasaandEnglishlanguage.

Thedatabaseisaninteractivewebbasedsystemandconsistsofatabbedinterface,includingpremade
summarytables,query,data,map,chart, statisticsand reportsoptions, holdinPostGreSQL inaLinux
environment.Theobservationofdata6isatprovinciallevelandtheresolutionofdata7isatthedistrict
level. The geographical coverage of the database is nationwide. The database contains natural, non
natural and social disasters (for definitions, see Annex 1). The disaster type definitions are based on
nationalrecognizedstandardsthroughthelawoftheRepublicofIndonesianumber24of2007.Annex2
lists the disaster types that are present in the database including their definitions. The number of
disaster records in the database is 6,110 at the time of reporting. Each record is accompanied by
informationonthehumanandstructuralimpactofthedisasterbydistrict.Inthedatabaseeachentryis
linkedtoaserialidentificationcode,aprovincecodeandadistrictcode.

Adisasterisdefinedasaneventoraseriesofeventsthreateninganddisturbingthecommunitylifeand
livelyhood,causedbynaturaland/ornonnaturalaswellashumanfactorsresultinginhumanfatalities,
environmental damage, loss of material possessions, and psychological impact. In the database, the
following human impact indicators are present: killed, injured, missing, affected and evacuated. The
definitionsofthesehumanimpactindicatorsareshowninAnnex3.Damagestothefollowingsectors
are reported in the database: houses, health facilities, education facilities, rice fields, roads, and
occasionally for worship facilities, offices, kiosks, infrastructure, plantations and ponds. A general
definition used for damaged material property is the following: includes houses, education facilities
(schools,madrasas,orIslamicboardingschools),healthservicefacilities(hospitals,puskesmasfacilities,

4
Seehttp://dibi.bnpb.go.id,accessonNovember10,2009.
5
Seewww.desinventar.net,accessedonNovember10,2009.
6
Level of observation refers to the sources of information that are used by the agents collecting loss data. At global level,
observers rely on communications from international aid organizations or central Government agencies. At national or sub
nationallevelslocalGovernments,fieldinformationandlocalmediareportsareoftenused.
7
Level of resolution refers to the level of aggregation at which data is presented. Global observers like EMDAT collect and
present data as national level aggregates. National observers collect and present data at provincial, municipal or higher
resolutions.Urbanobserversdisaggregatedataatneighbourhood,blockorhouseholdlevels.

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auxiliarypuskesmasfacilities),placesofworship(mosques,churches,BuddhistandHindutemples),other
constructions (office buildings, marketplaces, kiosks), and roads experiencing damage (light damage,
moderatedamage,heavydamageordestroyedandcollapsed)andaffectedanddriedup(experiencing
harvestfailure)wetricefields8.Individualsectorimpactindicatorsarenotdefined.Forsomedisasters,
economic losses (in million Rp) are reported. No definition exists for economic losses caused by
disasters.However,sincethe2004IndianOceanearthquake,theIndonesiangovernmenthasadopted
theEconomicCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(ECLAC)methodologytoassesslosses,
especiallyforlargescaledisasters.

3. Evaluationofdatabase

Methodology
Dibi is developed using the Desinventar and Desconsultar methodology. The Desinventar module is a
relational and structural database through which the database is populated in predefined fields and
direct losses. The Desconsultar module allows access to the database by queries that can include
relationsamongthediversevariablesofimpacts,disastertypes,locationanddate.Themoduleallows
forrepresentationoftheanswerstothequeriesintabularofgraphicalformandmaps.Thedatabase
has no impact thresholds for entering disasters in the database, the socalled entry criteria. All
disasters that are reported by the data sources and that are included in the list of 18 disaster types
(including13naturaldisastertypes)coveredbythedatabasearecompiled.Thedisasterclassificationis
of an equal level, as opposed to a hierarchical disaster classification9. Primary disasters and triggered
secondary disasters are not recognized in the database, but triggered events are included as an
additionaldisastertypeinthelistofdisastertypes(e.g.earthquakesandtsunami).Causesofdisasters
are not inserted. A disaster identification number per event is not included in the database. As such,
eventsaresearchedbytypeanddate.

8
DataBencanaIndonesiaTahun20062007(DataonDisastersinIndonesia20062007).BadanNasionalPenanggulangan
Bencana(BNPB)GovernmentofIndonesiaandSCDRR,Jakarta,Indonesia,2008.
9
Foran example ofa hierarchical disasterclassification, see: BELOW R.,WIRTZ A.,GUHASAPIR D. (2009).Disaster Category
ClassificationandPerilTerminologyforOperationalPurposes,CRED:Brussels;MunichRe:Mnich[IDn264].

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Sources of data that are collected for the database are the former subnational units for disaster
response coordination, SATKORLAKPBandSATLAK PB,nowbeing transformedinto BPBDunitsatthe
provincial/district level. These subnational units send information to the Government, which then
validates and summarizes the information and transfers this to BNPB. Information is provided by the
provinces to BNPB on a daily basis. The frequency for data entry in Dibi is on yearly intervals. It is
foreseentoshortenthistoaperiodofthreemonths.Typesofinformationinsertedinthedatabaseare:
disaster type, location (province, district, specification), date, human impact, sector/economic activity
impact. Economic costs are not reported in the database. GIS codes related to the shapefiles for
provincesanddistrictsareincludedformappingpurposes.

TheDesinventardatabasestructureisalocationbaseddataentrymodel,asopposedtoaneventbased
dataentrymodellikeEMDAT10.InDibidataarecompiledattheprovincialanddistrictlevel,meaning
that disaster events that affect several districts are doublecounted when descriptive statistics are
applied to calculate the total number of events per province. To overcome this problem, the Dibi
methodologyhasattributedweightstothedistrictsaccordingtothenumberofdistrictsaffectedbya
disaster event. The same applies to information on the occurrence and impacts of disasters at the
provinciallevelinordertoprovidecountryfigures.

Thenumberofeventrecordedperyearvariesbetweenaround100and1300eventsdependingofthe
year.Datasourcearchivesarestoredinelectronicformat(excel).Yearlybackupsofthedataaremade
andstoredatanexternalserver(atSCDRR).DataareanalyzedwiththeDesconsultarmoduleaswellas
inexcelforinternaluse.Analyticaloutputsincludeannual/biannualdisasterreports,mapsandhazard
proneindices(weightedscoresbasedonthenumberofevents,numberofpeoplekilled,andinjured,
damaged infrastructure and population density), and serve the Government and the international
humanitariancommunity.

10
Foraneventbaseddataentrymodel,seewww.emdat.be/guidelines

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Accuracyandreliability
Ingeneral,theaccuracyandreliabilityofdataisstronglylinkedtotheaccuracyandreliabilityofthedata
sources.Upto2009,collecteddatawerebeingtransferredasacompletefileonayearlybasisfromthe
Government to BNPB. After receiving the information from the subnational Governments, the
Government summarized the information and sent it back to the subnational Government units for
validation.Aftervalidation,theGovernmentsentthedatatoBNPBwheredatawereinsertedintothe
database. Thus, only final validated data were provided to BNPB. Currently, standardized forms are
being used for data collection and entry, which have been developed by the Data and Information
Forum.ItisalsoreferredtobytheprovincialDibi.Annex4and5showrespectivelytheBNPBdisaster
event report and the database entry form. Certain sensitivities such as status or funding issues could
influencethefiguresreportedbythelocalGovernments.Thesepossiblebiasesremaindifficulttocheck.

The information that is provided by the data sources generally contains the standard necessary
information;however,moredetailedinformation(e.g.genderimpact)couldstillbeadded.Outof440
districtsinthecountry,387districtsarecoveredbythedatasources.Datasourcesdonotalwaysuse
thesameterminologyasBNPB.

DataarenotbeingcheckedwithadditionalsourcesotherthantheGovernment.Missingdataareleftas
such in the database. Although the data are already doublechecked, spot checks are also performed
from time to time. New data provided by the Government are updated on the general website after
eachreportandasmentioned,finaldataareupdatedinthedatabaseonayearlybasis.

Training opportunities for staff involved in the database development were available at the time of
creationofthedatabase.Hereafter,regulartrainingopportunitieshavebeenprovidedbyUNRCBand
SCDRR for BNPB, BAPPENAS and other Government personnel, to participate in regional learning
events. Since 2008, Dibi has been gradually introduced at the national level of Government through
socialisation/familiarizationworkshops(forusersandadministrators).Thesewerefollowedupbyfocus
group discussions. Pilot programs for the implementation of Dibi into local context have also been
performedatprovincialGovernmentlevel(CentralJava,Yogyakarta,Aceh,Bengkulu).Furthermore,a

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seriesoftrainingsfordatausersandfordataadministratorshasbeenperformed.Onlineandprinted
textualguidelinesexistfordatahandlingforinternaldatabasestaff.

Minimumrequiredfieldsinthedatabasearethedisastertype,dateofevents,automaticserialnumber,
locationnameandlocationcode.Ideally,theinclusionofinformationongenderandspecificvulnerable
groupswouldbeperceivedasusefulforfurtheranalysis.However,thisinformationisrarelyreportedby
thedatasourcesandthereforenotincludedinthedatabase.

Serviceability
Users of the database can access data and analytical reports online. Reports are furthermore
distributedinpaperformat.Datacanbeaggregatedordisaggregatedusingthewebinterface,according
totheusersconvenience.Noadditionalinformationisavailabletofacilitatetheinterpretationofdata
outputs.Newdataareavailablefortheusersonayearlybasis.Databaseguidelinesareavailableonline.
ReviewsofwebtrafficfortheDibiwebsiteinNovember2008,February2009,andJune2009indicateda
steady increase in the number of pages viewed and in the time spend on the website. IP address
checkingindicatedanincreaseinthenumberofusers.ThemajorityofusersareBNPBstaff,ministries
andsubnationaladministrations.SomeusershavesuggestedthatDibiiscomplicated,notenoughuser
friendly.

Staff from BNPB indicates that standardization and linking with EMDAT would be beneficial for
improvingthedatabase,allowingforinternationalcomparativeanalysisofvulnerabilitytodisastersby
type and socioeconomic impact data. Furthermore, inclusion of a responsefield, informing on all
response services provided, including costs of reconstruction and revalidation, would be perceived as
beneficial for BNPB. Ideally, baselinepredisaster information for each district would be added tothe
database, to compare the postdisaster situation with the predisaster situation. One factor that is
currently hindering the applicability of Dibi is the incompatibility of the Desinventar system with GIS
software. Although disaster occurrence maps can be produced, no further analysis can be performed
usingthesystem.MultilayerGISdevelopmentisseenasbeneficial.Furthermore,nomoduleexistsin
theDesinventarsystemfordamageandlossassessment.BNPBexpressestheneedformore

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informationonthecommunitylevel,inordertoincreasetheusefulnessofthedatabase.Finally,more
staffisneededtofulfilthetasksrelatedtoDibiatBNPB.ThegoalistohostthedatabaseatBNPB,who
willthenbeinchargeofalldatabaserelatedtasks.

BNPB, with support from SCDRR, provides focus group discussions as a follow upactivity of the
socialization/familiarization workshops for national and subnational Governments. The aims are to
clarifyremainingquestionsandtoproposecontextbasedmodificationsforparticularneeds.

BNPBhasdevelopedaDataandInformationForumwhichprovidesaplatformforkeystakeholdersto
discussissuesofdisasterrelateddata,collectandvalidatedisasterdataandensureavailabilityofdata
throughDibitoallstakeholders.

DibiisinteroperablewiththeIndonesianSIMPADUPNPMMandiriinformationsystem.SIMPADUPNPM
Mandiri is an integrated information system (Simpadu) for National Programme for Community
Empowerment (PNPM) Mandiri11. With support from SCDRR, UNDP and the World Bank, numerous
changestothesourcecodeofDesinventarhavebeenmade,herebysynchronizingdatabasestructures
between PNPM, Dibi and Desinventar. The aim of linking data from Dibi and PNPM is to analyze
relationshipsbetweenpovertylevelsanddisasterevents.Dibiisoneoftheseveraldisasterdatabases
using theDesinventar methodology, whosharethe goalofcapacitybuildingtoanalyze andrepresent
hazards,vulnerabilities,andrisksintermsofspaceandtime,bothretrospectivelyandprospectively.The
purpose of this capacity is its application in risk management, including mitigation actions and post
disaster attention and recovery actions. However, currently there is no exchange of information or
knowledgebetweentheDesinventardatabases.TheGLobalIDEntifiernumber(GLIDE)12isnotusedin
Dibi.Dataexchangeisnotrestrictedbytheinstitution,howeveronlyfinalvalidateddataaresharedwith
thepublic.

11
http://simpadupnpm.bappenas.go.id
12
See:www.glidenumber.net;accessedonNovember102009.

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Accessibility
Access to the database is free of charge. Users do not have to register and the database is fully
accessible for the timespan 19972008. Nonpublished data are not available upon request. Contact
details(email)ofthedatabasemanagerareavailableonthewebsite.

Credibility
The database website provides information on the institute and the goals and objectives of the
database. General explanations on the database methodology are available on the Desinventar
website13. Data sources used for the database, applied analytical procedures, and changes in policies
and practices concerning the database are mentioned in reports. Data products are identified by an
institute reference. Databaserelated conferences are attended by database staff whenever possible.
Reportsarenotsubmittedtopeerreviewedjournals.WhiletheintentionofDibiistoprovidehistorical
informationondisasters,italsoprovidestheopportunitytoidentifytrends,risksandvulnerabilities.The
philosophyofDibi,andtheSCDRRprogramme,isoneofopenaccesstoinformationandtransparencyin
actions for DRR. In reality, this leads to competition of regions for status and funding and the most
usefulinformationissometimesdeemedpoliticallysensitiveandnotpublicised.

Prerequisitesandsustainability
DibiisseenasareferencedatabasefordisastersinIndonesia.Collaborationisakeyprocesswithinthe
maintenanceofDibi.ThedatabaseisholdbytheGovernment,withsupportfromUN.Fundingispartly
coveredbySCDRRIndonesia,aspartofUNJointStrategicProgrammeonDisasterRiskReduction(UN
JSPDRR),partlybyUNDPandbytheGovernmentofIndonesia(throughBNPB).AlthoughBNPBreceives
funding from the National Budget, the database can currently not be fully maintained functional
independentfromitsinstitutionalframework.Sinceitsdevelopment,Dibiisincludedinacollaborative
networkbetweenUNDPRBCPR,UNDPIndonesia,Desinventarteam.Thedatabaseiscurrentlylinkedto
the activities of SIMPADU PNPM Mandiri. BNPB hosts the Data and Information Forum consisting of
morethan12Governmentagenciesandservices,includingpolice,military,publicworks,socialservices,
thehealthdepartment,educationdepartment,andtheNationalStatisticsBureau(BPS).The

13
See:www.desinventar.net

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methodology for analysis of data, compilation of information, and derivation of knowledge has been
enhanced by the combined forces of the Agency for Research and Application of Technology (BPPT),
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and
Geophysics (BMKG), National Mapping and Coordination Agency (Bakosurtanal) and Department of
EnergyandMineralResources(DESDM)inIndonesia.Futurepossiblecollaborationscouldbedeveloped,
dependingontheGovernmentsneeds.

Longtermobjectivesofthedatabaseare:tocreatesubnationaldatabaseplatformsthatarelinkedto
thenationalDibi;andtoillustratethecostsofdisastersintermsoflossesinthedevelopmentprogress.
DibiwillbeideallypopulatedbyBNPBandBPBDsinordertocoverallprovinces,foruseofthedatabase
byallrelevantparties.Ultimately,Dibiatnationalandsubnationallevelisexpectedtoraisecapacityfor
disaster management planning at every stage of the disaster management cycle, support disaster
reporting and monitoring, and provide information on disasters for Government and humanitarian
actors.WhenprovincialanddistrictlevelBPBDswillbeestablished,BNPBwillsupportthesubnational
administrationstoimplementDibiwithtrainingfordatausersanddatainput.Theaimistoimplementa
system where all BPBDs will collect and report electronically to the provincial and national
administrations, hereby reducing the burden on BNPB to collect regionallyheld data. Integration of
socioeconomic data will support linking disaster risk and poverty in Indonesia. Furthermore,
improvement of data within Dibi will allow for assessing the level of vulnerability in regions, and risk
exposure. Indicators that would preferably be added to Dibi are: health data, data on infrastructure,
publicfacilities,incomelevels,typesoflivelihoods,spatialdataanddataonschoolagechildren.

4. Conclusionsandrecommendations

Under the law of the Republic of Indonesia no. 24 of 2007 concerning disaster management, the
NationalDisasterManagementAgency(BNPB)hasthemandatetocollectandanalyzeinformationon
the occurrence and impacts of natural disasters in Indonesia, using the Indonesian Disaster Data and
InformationManagementDatabase(Dibi).Thedevelopmentofprovincial(subnational)Dibisystemsis

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now being pilot tested within 3 provinces in Indonesia. For strengthening the quality, reliability and
sustainability of the national Dibi currently employed, the following recommendations have been
established:

Methodology
Concepts and definitions definitions of disaster types, although partly established, should be
completed and clearly reported to data sources, database users and administrators. The following
disaster types are currently not defined: epidemic, plague, surge, and combined (triggered) disaster
events.Inaddition,thedefinitionsofthehumanimpactindicatorsaffectedandevacuatedshouldbe
clarified.Besidesthis,individualsectorimpactindicatordefinitionsshouldalsobedeveloped.

Dataentrythedatabasecouldbenefitfrommovingfromalocationbaseddataentrymodeltowards
an eventbased data entry model. Through the use of a unique disaster identifier per event, disaster
occurrenceandimpactscanbeanalyzedatnationalandlocallevel,withoutbiasingresultsordouble
countingdisasterevents.

Dataentrytheapplicabilityofthedatabasecouldbestrengthenedbyregularandtimelydataentry,
and dissemination. This will prevent missing or incomplete information, leading to increased accuracy
andcompletenessofdata.

Data analysis GIS software should be implemented into the Desinventar module to support spatial
data visualization and analysis in Indonesia, to be used by the Government and all different
stakeholders. Furthermore, a method for estimating economic losses following disasters should be
developedinafunctionalway.

Accuracyandreliability
Accuracyandreliabilityofdatasourcesnewdatacouldbevalidatedagainstadditionalsources,suchas
datareceivedfromfieldNGOsandacademicinstitutions.Validationofdataagainstadditionalsources
wouldservetoincreasetheaccuracyandcompletenessofthecompiledinformation.

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AccuracyandreliabilityofdatainthedatabaseTheupdateandverificationofhistoricaldisasterdata
currentlypresentinthedatabasecouldincreasetheaccuracyandreliabilityofthedata.Thiscouldbe
done through completing and checking of data and field verification through conducting community
meetingsforhistoricaltimelinesofdisastereventsintheselecteddistricts.

Serviceability
Timeliness theserviceabilityofthe databasecouldbeimprovedthroughincreasing thetimeliness of
updatingandpublishingdisasterdataonthewebsite.

Relevance and user profile additional types of information (e.g. gender, vulnerable groups) could be
included in the database to allow for crosssectional analysis and specialized analysis for vulnerable
groupsorregions,tobeultimatelyusedfortargetedprogramming.

Outputsandfunctionsbasedoncommentsreceivedfromdatabaseusers,thedatabasecouldevolvein
a more userfriendly way. It is recommended to gather information from the usergroup in order to
capturethespecificneedsoftheusers.

Credibility
ImpartialityThereportingofdatabythedatasourcesshouldideallybedoneintransparency.When
administrations are sensitive for status or funding issues, received data should be validated against
othersources.Furthermore,effortstodesensitisetheadministrationsshouldbedeveloped,inorderto
createtrustandcompliancetothetaskofdataandinformationsharing.

Transparency information on data sources, dissemination of data and limitations of the database
shouldbemadeavailableforconcernedstakeholders.

Prerequisitesandsustainability
Resources to develop a structure for subnational data collection feeding into the national database
structure,capacityintermsofITinfrastructure,humanresources,training,andtechnicalknowledgeare

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needed. This should be supported by all stakeholders. Staff and additional resources should be made
availableinordertodevelopandleadthisprocess.

Collaboration networkthe DataandInformation forum led byBNPBshould continuetoexpandand

include additional stakeholders from different disciplines, such as (I)NGOs, academic institutions in
Indonesiaandinternationalandnationaldatabasesworldwide.LinkingtoEMDATinternationaldisaster
databasecouldbenefitdataexchange,databasedevelopmentandexpansionofanalyticalproducts.

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Annex 1: Disaster group definitions

Natural disaster= an event or series of events caused by nature such as earthquake, tsunami,
volcaniceruption,flood,drought,typhoonandlandslide.
Nonnatural disaster= a disaster that is caused by a nonnatural occurrence or a series of non
naturaloccurrencesthatincludestechnologicalfailures,modernizationfailures,andepidemics.
Socialdisasters=adisastercausedbyamanmadeoccurrenceoraseriesofmanmadeoccurrences
thatincludesocialconflictamonggroupsandamongcommunitiesandalsoterrorization.

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Annex 2: Disaster type definitions

Earthquake= shaking of the ground as a result of colliding of tectonic plates, colliding of faults,
volcanicactivity,orrockfall.
Volcanic eruption= part of volcanic activity. Hazards posed by volcanic eruption may include heat
clouds,ejecta,heavyashfall,lava,poisonousgas,tsunamis,anddebrisfloods.
Tsunami=aseriesofseawavesoflongperiodscausedbyanimpulsivedisturbancetotheseabed.
Tsunamis may be the result of: (1) earthquakes that are followed by (sea/lake) underwater
dislocations/shiftingofmassiveland/rockmass;(2)undersealandslides;(3)underseavolcanicor
volcanicislanderuptions.
Landslide=atypeofmovementoflandmassorrockmass,oracombinationofboth,slidingdownor
offaslopeasaresultofadisturbancetogroundstabilityortotherockformationmakingupthe
slope.
Flood=riverrunoffthatexceedsthenormalwaterlevelto,asaresults,overflowofftheriverbed
and inundate the lowlying ground along the riverbank. Generally, floods are the result of high,
abovenormal rainfall that causes the existing hydrological network, which comprises rivers and
naturalbranchesanddrainagesystemsandfloodcanals,tobeunabletocontaintheaccumulated
rainwater and overflow. Flood in the agricultural sector is defined as an occurrence that impacts
cultivated (with rice, corn, soybean, etc.) farmland. Meanwhile, flash floods usually occur at river
flowsfeaturingsteepriverbeds.Thehighandimmenselyrapidflashfloodmayreachinexcessof12
meters,whilerunoffmaycarrylargerocks/bouldersandtrees,destroying/sweepingawayanything
initspath,thoughitisquicktosubside.Thistypeoffloodmayclaimmanylives(ofthosewhodid
notmanagetoevacuate)andcausemuchlossofmaterialpropertyinashortperiodoftime.
Drought= the correlation of water availability that is so far below the water requirement for
necessitiesoflife,agriculture,productiveactivities,andtheenvironment.Droughtintheagriculture
sectorisdefinedasanoccurrencethatimpactscultivated(withrice,corn,soybean,etc.)farmland
andcropsastheirwaterrequirementsarenotmet.
Forest and land fires= direct or indirect changes to physical or biological qualities that undermine
the function of forest or land to sustain life as a result of uncontrolled use of fire or because of
naturalfactorsthatmayresultinaforestand/orlandfire.

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Cycloneorstorm=astrongwhirlwindreachingspeedsof120km/horhigherandfrequentlyoccurs
betweentheNortherntropicandtheSoutherntropic,exceptinregionsinextremeproximitytothe
equator.Stormsarecausedbydifferencesinairpressureinaweathersystem.
Tidal/StormWave=ahighoceanwaveoccurringasaresultoftropicalcyclonestakingplacenearby
Indonesiasterritoryandhasstrongpotentialtocauseanaturaldisaster.AlthoughIndonesiadoes
not lie in the path of tropical cyclones, the presence of tropical cyclones will strongly affect the
occurrenceofstrongwindsandhighwavesthatareaccompaniedwithheavyrainfall.

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Annex 3: Definitions of human impact indicators

Fatality=personreportedkilledordeathinthewakeofadisaster.
Casualty=personsufferinginjuryorillness,inastateoflightinjury,moderateinjury,orheavyinjury,
andisundergoingtreatmentaseitheranoutpatientorinpatient.
Missingperson=personreportedmissingorwhocannotbelocatedorwhocannotbeaccountedfor
inthewakeofadisaster.
Victim=apersonoragroupofpersonsthatexperienceadversityinthewakeofadisaster,suchas
damage and or loss of material property, suffering and/or loss of life. Victims include fatalities,
missingpersons,casualties,personssuffering,anddisplacedpersons.
Evacuated=notspecified
Affected=notspecified

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Annex 4: DisastereventreportBNPB #________________________

OVERVIEW

DateofDisaster/Incident:___/___/____(Year/Month/Day)Duration:___days

SourceInformation:_____________________________________________________________

ProvinceCode:_____

ProvinceName:_______________________________________

DistrictName:______________________________________

SubDistrictName:______________________________________

Location:______________________________________

DISASTERTYPE

Earthquakes WindCyclone Volcanoeruption

Tsunami Hightideorabrasion FirePoint
Landslides TechnologyFailure Conflictorsocialunrest
FloodsandLandslides Flood ForestFire
Drought Terroractsorsabotage
Another

IMPACTDAMAGE

(Writethenumbervalueforeachvariable;letterXcanonlybemarkedonlyifthereisageneral
informationabouttheoccurrenceofaneventofadisasterbuttheexactnumberorthenumberisnot
known)

INHUMANS

InTotal

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Child Pregnantwomen Elderly Adult Total

DataType
M/F M/F M/F
#Deaths
#Missing
#Injury/Illness(heavy,light)
#Suffering(KK=5people)
#Evacuate

#Victims

=(#+#InjuryDeath/PainLost+#+#+#Sufferrefuge)
#DeadandMissing

=(#+#MissingDeaths)
#Sufferinganddisplaced

=(#+#EvacuateSuffering)

IntheNumberofTotal

INHOUSE

InTotal

#UnitsofTotallyDamageHouses
#UnitsofLightDamageHouse
#Unitssubmergedhouse

IntheNumberofTotal

#UnitsofTotallyDamageHouses
#UnitsofLightDamageHouse
#Unitssubmergedhouse
#TotalunitsHouses

=(#UnitsofDamageHouseWeight+#unitsofDamageLightHouse)

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THESECTORANDSERVICE

#UnitSchool
#UnitsPlacesofWorship
#UnitsofHealthFacility
#UnitOffice
#UnitsKiosk
#Otherbuildingunits
#UnitsPublicFacilities(FASUM)

InTotal

IntheNumberofTotal

#TotalunitBuildings

=(#UnitsOfficeKioskunits+#+#unitsOtherBuildings+#Fasumunits)

ININFRASTRUCTURE

InTotal

#KmtoStreet
#Haforricefarming
#Haforswimming
#HaforIrrigation
#HafortheGardenorForest

EstimatedLosses

Rp. LossesinRupiah

Help

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Description:

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Reportedby:_______________________

Date:_____/_____/_____

Signature:____________

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Annex 5: Database entry form

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