magazine

TK

Architecture
Openness lived
Windows offer perspective and insight,
stand for openness and transparency,
for an invitation to dialogue. Precisely
like the extensive campus of the
ThyssenKrupp Quarter that can
be seen through the punched-out
landscape window of the new head-
quarters location.
The new headquarters of Thyssen
Krupp in Essen symbolizes and
expresses the lived corporate culture.
The architecture and urban develop-
ment concept of the quarter, in equal
measure, stand for innovation and
future orientation, sustainability and
social responsibility. With the new
quarter, a 230-hectare area that had
long been undeveloped, right in the
center of Essen, comes to life. The
open campus as the heart of a newly-
developed urban district embodies the
dynamic interaction between historic
bond to the location and lived inter-
nationality, as well as the desire for
dialogue and movement. The Quar-
ters buildings are arranged around
a central water axis and like the
newly constructed Krupp Park are
an invitation to encounter.
Read more about the background and
the significance of the new Quarter
development on pages 46-65.
Capital of hope
In Brasilia, Corbusier students Lcio
Costa and Oscar Niemeyer were able
to cast a dream in steel-reinforced
concrete: the utopia of a functional
city. The new capital of Brazil, which
shot up out of the Central Brazilian
Plateau within less than four years,
embodied a noble goal: a clear break
from the chaotic conditions and rigid
class distinctions in other Brazilian
cities. The French author, Andr
Malraux, called Brasilia the capital of
hope. The city was laid out according
to the campus principle, with separate
quarters for living, working, and lei-
sure, between which city residents
were to commute on broad freeways.
Viewed from the air the contours of
Brasilia are similar to those of an air-
plane. The so-called monumental axis,
where the most important buildings
stand, could be considered the
fuselage. The two wings are compris-
ed of more than 100 so-called
superquadras, enclosed units of 11
to 12 residential building slabs, in
each of which up to 5,000 people can
live. As an architectural project, today
Brasilia is listed as a World Heritage
Site by Unesco. As urban living space
it has been frequently criticized. At
least the public routes and means of
transport were not in line with the
explosive growth of Brasilia. Since it
was dedicated, 50 years ago on
April 21, 1960, the city, which was
originally planned for 500,000 inhabi-
tants, has now grown to a population
of 2.6 million inhabitants. However
its citizens appreciate its high quality
of life compared to the rest of the
country and particularly its clean
air that is also a consequence of the
comparably low traffic volume.
Its the possibility of having a dream come true that
makes life interesting.
Paulo Coelho, author
Without lights everything is nothing
Light interprets bodies and spaces, makes them experienceable and gives them color. It adds a fourth dimension to architecture.
James Turrell transforms light into form. The most influential light artist of our time explores the multifaceted appearances of
natural and artificial light in his works. Turrell has created so-called "skyspaces" around the world where he works intensively with
the relationship between light and space. For the American artist, light is a material that he can shape and make experiencable.
The frequent attempts of viewers to touch the light of his installations are confirmations of his success.
Light and shadow reveal form.
Le Corbusier, Swiss-French architect
(18871965)
Blueprint of a humanistic world view
The Tuscan city of Pienza, which the humanist Enea Silvio Piccolomini, as Pope Pius II (14581464) had
built on the site of the village where he was born, is considered the first ideal city of the Renaissance.
Here, for the first time, the urban internal space of a piazza opens onto the open landscape; here, for the
first time in the history of the newer building art, architecture and nature are simultaneously conceived
as antithetical and complementary counterparts. Starting from Pienza, the humanistic urban planning
concepts spread to other Italian cities and ultimately to all of Europe.
The quality of cities and places can be designed on the drawing board,
their beauty comes with time.
Renzo Piano, Italian architect
We wanted to generate a space that stimulates movement, promotes the exchange
of knowledge, and demonstrates surprising possibilities for the use of innovative
materials and technologies.
editorial
11

We do almost everything in rooms created by people. The designers of buildings and cities
give people room for encounters and exchange, for development and going forward. Architecture
is thus particularly determined by the essence of the society in which it arises: Architects and
interior designers shape the environment from our expectations. They can also inspire us with new
ideas and thus alter us.
In view of this challenge, no one can escape worldwide change. Today, new global developments
and a new understanding of lasting architecture, city planning, and landscaping are reflected
in the complex requirements on architects and interior designers. While people compete for a
sustainable use of the limited spatial capacities and energy resources of our planet all over the
globe, architects and city planners are working on solving the most urgent spatial challenges of
our time.
How will a growing population find enough room to live and work in the future? How can the
population dispersal in abandoned rural areas be avoided? Can we
also realize the need for life in harmony with nature in the city?
Room for the future Architecture must face up to the dramatic changes in demographics
and the environment and develop new concepts to create space
for the future, even under these conditions. At the same time, the rapid technological advances
also open up unforeseen possibilities.
It has long been clear that technological innovations are decisively important in overcoming the
major global challenges. In architecture, as well, sensitive, innovative technologies support the
striving for quality of life, efficiency, and sustainability. The new ThyssenKrupp Quarter in Essen,
which our employees are in the process of moving into, deliberately points the way. With this
construction project, unique for ThyssenKrupp, we have generated a space that stimulates
movement, promotes the exchange of knowledge, and demonstrates surprising possibilities for the
use of innovative materials and technologies. We have thus created a place for people and ideas.
As the heart of our globally networked corporation, our new campus is an expression of the self-
perception of our group and of the demands we place on ourselves: innovation and sustainability,
openness and dialogue.
It is and this particularly appeals to the engineer in me a piece of constructed technology.
Philosopher Martin Heidegger once said: Our understanding of reality is reflected in the way we
build and experience constructed space. The best architecture, however, finds the right balance
between reality and vision, between what exists and what could be with the courage to take
new paths. Some of the examples in this magazine demonstrate these qualities. We would like to
extend the following invitation: Come with us and discover the living spaces of the future!

Dr.-Ing. Ekkehard D. Schulz,

Chairman of the Executive Board of ThyssenKrupp AG

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 contents
12 TK Magazine | 1 | 2010
46
The ThyssenKrupp Quarter in Essen is the Groups new heart and a
symbol of its continued development. Its architectural and urban
planning concept reflect innovation and future orientation, sustainability
and social responsibility. A special section on ThyssenKrupps new
headquarters.

Architecture
views forum
30 What is your view on architecture? 14 Money cant guarantee beauty
Views of Kazuyo Sejima and Alain Robert An interview with Alain de Botton, author and philosopher
22 World in figures
Global metropolises yesterday, today and tomorrow
28 worth_knowing 24 Watch out for pedestrians!
66 projects_news A stroll through Leipzig with the freelance promenadologist
101 puzzle Bertram Weisshaar
102 review
projects
34 What comes before the city?
Nothing works without the right infrastructure
40 Materials that dreams are made of
Innovative materials help turn visions into reality
74 A new start in America
ThyssenKrupp opens two new production sites in Brazil and
92
App City: Does Augmented
the U.S. in 2010
Reality alter our perception
of new spaces?

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 40 24
Architects can realize their dreams with Promenadologist Betram Weisshaar
new materials. teaches us perceptiveness.

84 96
Cars will play an increasingly minor Ants as master builders an expert interview that offers
role in future mobility. surprising insights into humans behavior

quarter perspectives
46 From waste land to the new campus 76 Megacities and shrinking cities
A brief visual history of the construction project How can space, traffic, energy and the quality of living conditions
48 Movement and renewal be safeguarded and improved in growing and shrinking cities?
An interview about the new ThyssenKrupp Quarter with Ralph 80 How kids see their surroundings
Labonte, member of the Executive Board of ThyssenKrupp AG Students from an Essen high school took snapshots of their
55 Room of Tranquility environment
A retreat from the hectic of everyday work 84 Getting around in 2050
56 The doers New forms of mobility in the city of the future
Three men and their reflections on the construction project 90 Real and virtual spaces
58 Building on ones own strengths Why the desire for real encounter remains an essay
Some of the Groups most innovative products have been used to 92 Augmented Reality
build the Quarter New technologies alter our perception of our environment
60 A green stage 96 Fascinating buildings
The ThyssenKrupp Quarter has been awarded a renowned An interview with entomologist Bert Hlldobler
sustainable building seal
62 The city within the city
Company history has been written on the site of the new
ThyssenKrupp Quarter since 1818

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 forum_interview
14

MONEY

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 15

CANT GUARANTEE
BEAUTY
Architecture is more than function. The design of a house says
a lot about the character and aspirations of its owner. An interview
with Alain de Botton, author and philosopher.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 forum_interview
16

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 17

An architect should be a psychologist

of buildings.
Alain de Botton

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 forum_interview
18
The idea of an empty space
is the great fascination of
our age.
One of your books is called The Architecture of Happiness. Can a
building really make you happy?
Architecture isnt medicine. You can disagree with medicine, and it will
still work. Architecture is different. It is an invitation to a mood, not an
order that will force you into a mood. I would compare the effect of
architecture to the effect of the weather. The weather means a lot to our
mood and people move to countries for the weather. But if something
terrible has happened, it doesnt matter that its a beautiful day, youll
be upset whatever happens. Or the other way around. However, most
of the time, were in a middle kind of mood. Thats when we can be
pulled in one direction or the other by the weather. Similarly, I think
architecture can help decide on the tilt to optimism or pessimism.
Conversely, this means that an architect should be a psychologist of
buildings.
Living Architecture:
The In-Between House
(Jarmund/Vigsnaes
Architects, Norway)
fits seamlessly into a
traditional British seaside
strip of houses.
Michael and Patty Hopkins Long House respect for old-fashioned craft allied to
a fascination with high technology
So in giving shape to our buildings, architects shape us, too?
Architecture affects us, but we usually dont behave as though that is
true. People may praise beautiful buildings, but politicians never stand
up saying I want to make the world look more beautiful. Architecture
is always considered a very low-priority issue.
Isnt that also due to the fact that there is no universally valid de-
finition of beauty?
Theres a perceived idea that no one can define whats attractive. The
dominant view that beauty is a matter of taste is a wonderful intellectual
structure for the business of property development. Actually, its no
more difficult to define whats beautiful than it is to determine whats a
good book. But architecture is a practical art. The art of architecture is
to deliver beauty and utility.
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 19
But isnt beauty an elite concept in architecture?
Again, the argument that beauty is an expensive luxury that we cant
afford is very dangerous. You only have to look at the attractive peasant
houses in Tuscany that are built very simply out of stone. Similarly, you
can go to parts of Saudi Arabia or Moscow and quickly see that a lot of
money cant guarantee beauty either. Examples like these will quickly
show you that theres actually no connection between money and
beauty. Money opens up the possibility of beauty, but beauty is not
dependent on money and money doesnt guarantee beauty. At the end
of the day, what you need is talent in an architect. Beautiful architecture
for everyone should be possible. Its no more expensive to build a
beautiful building than it is to build an ugly one.

Why do people feel attracted to some architectural styles but not

to others?
We tend to need the architecture that reflects things that we are attrac-
ted to, but that are missing in our lives. For example, there are really
only two great modern architectural fantasies or desires: the first is
calm, the second is nature. Minimalism the idea of an empty space
is the great fascination of our age. The reason is that our lives are so
complicated and overloaded with things and activities that we long for
calm. In a technological, industrial world, the other thing people feel
attracted to is the natural.

We have more exceptional, university-trained architects than ever

before, and great contemporary buildings. However, everyday
architecture often lacks the quality associated with beauty.
Why?
Part of the reason is that more and more architects have been removed
from the business of designing buildings. Many building companies
dont even use architects anymore. The areas of the world where things
go well architecturally are often those where politically the society is
quite invested. For example, to get Manhattan looking as good as it
Alain de Botton
does required a huge collective effort, tons of rules regarding how tall From the art of travel to the architecture of happiness and the
buildings should be and where they should be located. It required poli- pleasures and sorrows of work in his books, Alain de Botton strives
tical action on the part of many people. Similarly, the Netherlands bo- to apply philosophical ideas, from Greek philosophy to modern
asts architecturally beautiful areas because the Dutch care a lot about thinking, to everyday problems and socio-political issues in simple
their environment. Again, there are a lot of rules here about how and terms. The native of Switzerland lives and works in London. 7
where you can build. Often the times when built-up areas look worst is
when theres no control and things are just abandoned to the market.
Architects should be accountable to the community at large because ar-
chitecture is not a private business. It affects everybody.

Without the influence of religion, many of the great architectural

works around the world would not exist (the pyramids in Egypt
and Mexico, Greek temples, Gothic cathedrals, Renaissance and
Baroque buildings ). With religiously motivated building pushed
to the background at least in the West , what is driving archi-
tecture today?
Part of the reason why religious architecture has allowed architects
freedom is that, more than other buildings, a church or a temple is free
of some of the practical requirements normally associated with archi-
tecture. Its just a gathering space for people. In addition, religion gave
architects lots of interesting forms, such as the shrine or the baptism
chapel, and asked them to evoke feelings. Thats different from
designing a railway station. Some people have said that art galleries
and museums are the future. The big difference is that the art gallery
exists to exhibit art. If the art itself is the special thing, even the nicest 3

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 forum_interview
20
Loneliness goes with the city.
3 building will be no more than a box allowing you to enjoy this art. Its as
though nowadays we need an excuse to build nice buildings. I think we
should reinvent certain forms and allow architects to build great public
spaces for nothing else than wandering around. But were not there yet.
In an interview about 10 years ago, you said that cities can
strangle themselves with their size. Since then, global cities have
been getting bigger and bigger. How do you rate that development?
I think its a real problem. Human beings are made to live in groups, but
not in enormous groups. Once you get beyond a certain size of group,
all sorts of things start to happen. You no longer have a connection with
people. You become more antisocial than you would be in the country-
side. I think there is an ideal size for a city and various people have tried
to define it: The ideal city may be a city that you can walk across in one
day, a city in which you can see the surrounding hills and countryside
from a high spot. The best way to handle a megacity, I suppose, is to
split it up into lots of smaller cities. To some extent, some big cities like
Los Angeles or Tokyo are like that. Theyre really rather a collection of
neighborhoods. London has some of that quality too.
Does urbanization offer a cure for loneliness?
Not necessarily at all. Because there are so many people, they become
a threat. When there are fewer people around each person becomes
less threatening and a potential friend. You never really say hello to
someone you pass in the city whereas you will in an isolated part of the
countryside. Loneliness goes with the city. Sometimes that loneliness
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 Living Architecture:
Shingle House, designed
by the Glasgow practice
NORD, consists of recycled
material and can both open
up to or close itself off from
its surroundings.
The Balancing Barn of Dutch architectural practice MVRDV
can be good because youre anonymous, and no one will gossip. But
when what youre looking for is community, go to a village.
Nobody can say today what our working and living environment
will look like in 50 or 100 years. But most buildings constructed
today will still be around then will they be able to adapt to a
perhaps radically different environment?
Im sure some wont. But the best buildings are flexible. Many of the
industrial buildings of the 19th century, for example, started off as
warehouses and then became offices, flats or art galleries. In addition,
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
A new way of experiencing architecture 21
Alain de Botton is one of the initiators of the Living Architecture
project. Living Architecture has asked a series of established and
emerging world-class architects to build houses around the UK,
which will be available to rent for vacations by the general public. The
inspiration for Living Architecture came from a desire for people to be
able to experience what it is like to live in a space designed by an
outstanding architectural practice. There is a tremendous resistance
to contemporary art in the UK, says Alain de Botton. While there are
examples of great modern buildings in Britain, they tend to be in
places that one passes through, such as airports, museums and
offices. The few modern houses that exist are almost all in private
hands and cannot be visited. We are hoping, in a small modest way,
to help change the debate and encourage people who build houses
in the UK to become slightly more adventurous. Living Architecture
started to open its houses for vacation rentals in June 2010. 7
A Secular Retreat by Peter Zumthor
the way that we live hasnt actually changed in quite a long time. The
bedroom, the bathroom, the kitchen these are stable units.
At the age of 101, Oscar Niemeyer said in an interview that the
architect must think that the world has to be a better place. Would
you agree?
Definitely. To design a building should be a positive step and you should
be able to feel that youre enhancing the environment in some way. The
best architects have been utopians. 7
THE INTERVIEW WAS CONDUCTED BY ANKE BRYSON. PHOTOS (PORTRAITS): PHIL FISK
 forum_world_in_figures
22
Global metropolises
yesterday, today and tomorrow
The city is a virtually universal phenome-
non. Urban cultures developed on almost
all continents independently from each
other. Rome in the year AD 330, with
approximately 1 million inhabitants, is
considered the worlds first metropolis.
Through the process of shifting significant
capital city functions to Constantinople
in the 4th century and the collapse of the
Western Roman Empire in the 5th century,
by the year 530 the population had
dropped to approximately 100,000. Rome
stagnated for 350 years until it re-awoke;
in 1936 the one-million mark was again
exceeded; today Rome with its 2.3 million
inhabitants is indeed a veritable metro-
polis, however it is a small town compared
to cities like New York or Mexico City or
the Tokyo metropolitan region, home to
more than 31 million people, more than
a quarter of the Japanese population.
With Beijing, as early as the 15th century
an Asiatic city was the biggest city in the
world. According to the computations
unfortunately based on inconsistent statis-
tics the 21st century will be the century
that sees Asiatic cities boom.
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 Higher and higher
In the Emporis Skyline Ranking, cities get points depending on the number of sky-
23
scrapers and the floor count in their skyscrapers. Rule of thumb: the more points,
the more impressive the skyline. With 7,682 skyscrapers and 128,548 points, Hong
Kong is clearly in front of New York, with 5,845 skyscrapers and no more than
38,898 points. Due to the building boom of recent years, Dubai has now secured 10th
place. Seven of the top 10 skylines are in Asia, none are in Europe.

Down and through

In many of todays metropolitan
regions the fastest means of
transport is the underground
rapid transit system, variously
referred to as a subway, under-
ground, metro, tube, or U-Bahn.
At 408 kilometers, the longest
and the oldest underground
rapid transit system in the world
crisscrosses subterranean
London. New Yorks subway
follows with 386 kilometers. The
Tokyo and Moscow underground
rapid transit systems vie for the
user record; each transports
approximately 8 million passen-
gers a day. In Tokyo, so-called
subway pushers ensure that
commuters are cheek to jowl
at rush hour. Currently approxi-
mately 140 cities worldwide
operate an underground rapid
transit system.

City air, country air

More than half of the worlds population lives in the
cities of this world with clear differences from
country to country. Excluding city states like Singapore,
Belgium, with 97 percent of the actual population
holds the record for urbanization, followed by Kuwait
and Iceland. However, the proportion of city dwellers is
high in Australia and Uruguay as well, at 92 percent.
Also at 92 percent, East Timor and Bhutan have
the relatively largest rural population; in Uganda
and Ethiopia 85 percent of the people still live in the
country.

Source: IDC, Emporis, Worldmapper.org.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 forum_report
24

Bertram Weisshaar is a freelance walking scientist. He does not stroll through the countryside,
but rather examines his environment. His argument: You can see more on a walk than through
a windshield.

Underfoot, the grit crunches. Bertram Weisshaar ambles
from parking level 10 to parking level 11 and then back to parking level
10. He is not searching for a vehicle; no, he is searching for peace. The
parking garage is only a few steps away from the central station, but no
one is rushing with a trundling Pullman suitcase, no one is braking with
squealing tires. Weisshaar leans over the railings. He looks down onto
the roofs of Leipzig, onto the blue letters of the Stadtwerke municipal
utilities, the red writing of the Sparkasse bank. The wind ruffles his
curls. In the distance, the express trains rattle, the streetcars jingle, the
trucks rumble. Suddenly, the parking garage seems to resemble a holi-
day island at least a little.
Anyone who sets off on a walk from Leipzigs central station probably
first heads for the Nikolaikirche church, then possibly to the Altes
Rathaus (the old town hall), the Alte Brse (old stock exchange) and the
Alte Waage, the former town weigh station. But not to a parking
garage. Weisshaar is not your typical walker, however, but a freelance
walking scientist. Leipzig is just as much his adopted home town as his
field of research: There are microlandscapes everywhere.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June


WATCH OUT
FOR PEDESTRIANS!
With this term, he means parks and canals, but also industrial waste-
lands and empty spaces. One question drives him: How do we in our
own cities, not on faraway continents get new landscapes? To do
this, he has to gain a new insight into the city for example, by looking
at it from a parking garage.
For crime author Georg Simmel, he would probably have been a flneur,
for Marcel Proust a passant, for Oscar Wilde a dandy. However, Bertram
Weisshaar calls himself: a promenadologist. In the early 1990s, he
studied at Kassel University under Lucius Burckhardt, the founder of
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
25
what is known as the promenadology movement. As a sociologist,
Burckhardt researched how people discover and traverse their environ-
ment. Human perception and movement that was what city planning
should cater to, he found. City development could not take only car
drivers into account. Weisshaar disseminates Burckhardts theories in
lectures, at congresses, in seminars. He has followed in Burckhardts
footsteps. 3
 forum_report
3 Underfoot, the thorns snap. Blackberry tendrils are over-
growing the flagstones. The only way to get to the freight station beside
the parking garage is to push back a barrier. The complex is abandon-
ed. The window panes are broken, the red-brick walls covered in graffiti.
Someone has painted: See sunrise with no sleep at all in black letters
on a white background. The birds twittering is growing louder, while
the traffic noise is getting quieter. Have we reached the countryside
already? In former times, the definition was not excessively difficult
the countryside was just outside the city gates. Today, we no longer
know where the city ends and the countryside begins, says Weisshaar.
There are increasingly more green spaces in the city, but at the same
time there are increasingly more industrial areas in the country.
In the city, the countryside sometimes remains hidden, for example,
behind the freight station. Bertram Weisshaar likes to walk there along
a river bank. However, to do this, he has to fight his way through black-
berry bushes, balance on a wooden board and slide across a muddy
area. It is only then that he reaches the Parthe, a tiny river that rises
in the Glastener Forest and flows into the Weisse Elster River.
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 Elaborating relationships of that ilk in such a way that they are imme- 27
diately apparent to every walker this is what Weisshaar regards as the
task of landscape architects. The landscape comes into existence in
peoples heads first. However, that was always the case. In former
times, anyone who stepped beyond the gates of the city crossed over a
stream, climbed up a hill, rambled through a forest. These were discrete
places too. The walker was the first person to combine all these diffe-
rent impressions into an overall picture, that is, the landscape.

Underfoot, the glass splinters. A few beer bottles have

shattered on the paving stones on the riverbank. Other walkers would
possibly block out the image of the shards, preferring to turn their at-
tention to something more beautiful, for example to the basil plant that
is growing in the terracotta pot on the windowsill on the other side of the
river. That fits better into the picture. However, Bertram Weisshaar does
not filter his environment. How do the city planners deal with rivers?
How do they deal with pedestrians, with cyclists and with car owners?
Bertram Weisshaar does not just walk through Leipzig with questions
like this in his head, but also through Frankfurt, Hanover or Lbeck.
Frequently, the cities hire him. Then he takes groups through historic
Bertram Weisshaar downtowns, for example from parking garage to parking garage. This
researches and develops walks to heighten peoples percep-
tion of their environment.
allows him to show two things: On the one hand, he proves how much
space cars take up, on the other hand, how much cars restrict our
vision. Through a windshield, we can only perceive segments, while on
a walk we can get insights. Sometimes, Bertram Weisshaar can find no
countryside. When he leaves the riverbank behind him, he turns onto a
main street. The cars rush past in eight lanes. A few steps farther on,
three trolley cars trundle to the trolley car stop, fender to fender. A
walker would not be able to cross the square. Anyone who wants to
explore the city on foot has to be prepared for detours. Weisshaar often
observes how pedestrians are being pushed out of the city centers. For
example, a modest sidewalk runs alongside the generous main street.

Underfoot, two rosehips burst. Bertram Weisshaar pulls up

the zipper of his turtleneck and buries his hands in his coat pockets. He
still has some way to go: Every city holds hundreds of thousands of
pictures. He wants to track down a few more. 7
TEXT: INKA WICHMANN | PHOTOS: JRG GLSCHER

Today, we no longer know where the city ends and the countryside begins.

Planners did not merely conceal the Parthe, they also straightened it;
the water wends its way through a cement riverbed. Nevertheless,
Weisshaar detects a characteristic of the countryside in this fact: Even
in a channel like this, he can discover nature that does not allow itself
be tamed completely.
Strictly speaking, the freight station has nothing to do with the zoo that
lies downstream from it. The only link between them is the water: Both
places are on the Parthe River. Thus they belong to the same coun-
tryside.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 forum_worth_knowing
28
The uncompleted
In the history of architecture, there have always
been prominent structures that have not been
completed because money ran out, the client
died, a plague broke out or something else un-
expected intervened. Some of these structures
can also be used in their rudimentary con-
dition, others are like memorials and remain
standing, unused. Thus, for example, at 330
meters, the Ryugyong Hotel in Pyongyang,
North Korea, which could be the tallest hotel in
the world, has not yet been completed due
to financial difficulties and construction errors,
and currently is uninhabitable. Other buildings
are in a state of permanent construction.
Construction has been underway on Gauds
famous Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain,
since the 1880s. And if the Spanish want to
take an example from the Germans, com-
pletion could still be some time off: 632 years
went by until the Cologne Cathedral was
completed in 1880. 7
Gauds famous
Sagrada Familia in
Barcelona
Space and tone
Music and architecture are
closely related. In the history
of ideas, mathematic and
geometric considerations
play an important role in both
traditions: Interval and beat in
music, floor plan and spatial
relationships in architecture.
Goethe said, I call architec-
ture silent music. For the
philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm
Schelling architecture also
resembled a frozen music.
Actually music is almost al-
ways a spatial experience.
For example, in the Venetian
tradition of multiple choirs, the
composer, Karlheinz Stock-
hausen, used the movement
of tone in space as a compositional element. The Royal Festival Hall In London
(photo), completed in 1951, was the first concert hall to be built entirely in
accordance with acoustic calculations. Since the 1960s, halls with variable
acoustics for different types of music have increasingly become more widely
accepted. Since the invention of the Walkman and its successor, the MP3
player a person can create his or her own mobile inner spaces and carry
them around as a shield against (irritating) external spaces. 7

There have always been master builders: In the

Roman Empire, these were primarily military
engineers, in the early middle ages, clerics, in the
late middle ages craftsmen, and in the Renaissance
artists, sculptors or scientists. Architecture became
a separate discipline only in the course of industriali-
zation and the associated progress in building technol-
ogy, and mastery of ever more complex construction
tasks.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June


Architect density varies greatly around
the world: Proportionally, Japan has five
times as many architects as Great
Britain, in Denmark there are almost
twice as many architects per inhabitant
as there are in Germany. An architect
who is still looking for projects would
still have many possibilities in countries
like China or India.
The drive to the top
Skyscrapers inspire feelings of impotence and omnipotence,
depending on whether one dares a dizzying upward look from the
depths of skyscraper canyons, or looks down on the whir of crowds
and traffic. It is unclear as to precisely when people came up with the
idea of building towers. The oldest archeological evidence of a tower
are the remains of the tower of Jericho, dating back to approximately
7,500 BC. The high cultures of Mesopotamia built their temple
complexes on artificial stepped mounds to be particularly close to
their gods for example the Tower of Babel that measured 77 meters
and was completed 600 BC. 300 years later, a 140-meter
lighthouse was built on the Island of Pharos in the harbor
of Alexandria. High towers were next built in the middle
ages, as people wanted to honor god and dem-
onstrate power with soaring cathedrals. The
beginning of todays skyscraper rally
dates from the end of the 19th century
when development of steel frame con-
struction and the invention of
the electrical elevator opened
up totally new possibilities
to builders. Starting with New
York and Chicago, apart-
ment buildings and office
towers sprang up every-
where. 7
Space and light and order. Those
WHO WAS IT?
are the things that men need just as
29
much as they need bread or a place
to sleep, said the son of a watch enameller and a
music teacher, who was attracted to architecture after
apprenticing as an engraver and goldsmith. As the
logical consequence of the rapid technological develop-
ment and associated transformation of daily routine in
the early 20th century, the architect, who later frequent-
ly became the center of controversy due to his radical
ideas, demanded a fundamentally new aesthetic.
In his Five Points Towards a New Architecture, he
declared, Just as we can get very little from the literary
and historical instruction meted out at school, so
nothing remains for us any more of the architecture
of earlier epochs. He viewed the architects task as
creating functional and economical concepts. He took
the pure functionality of the machine as the model for
building design and oriented himself to the shapes of
airplanes, locomotives, ocean liners, and automobiles.
In this process he comprehensively embraced the
possibilities of the time and relied on new construction materials such
as reinforced concrete and steel. He had no regard for ornamentation
as an end in itself that takes a higher priority than does function.
The results of his architecture theories are clear and simple bodies
comprised of the basic geometric shapes of the rectangle, circle, and
cube. As an urban planner, he relied on strict separation of function. In
his concept of a contemporary city for three million inhabitants, people
should live in gigantic skyscrapers on stilts in the middle of expansive
green spaces, in other
city districts they
should work in office
towers, and shop and
amuse themselves in
yet other city districts.
He was able to imple-
ment his urban devel-
opment ideas when in
1951 the government
of the Indian State
Punjab appointed
him to be a consultant
for the planning of
the new capital city
Chandigarh, which
today is considered a
model for Indian urban
planners. 7
SOLUTION: PAGE 101
 views
30

Historically, architects have had to deal with various aspects of setting, but theyve
always concentrated on real problems such as materials or form. I believe that
almost half of our daily lives is now concentrated on the information society;
and even though the information society is invisible, I believe that architecture
must relate to it.
Kazuyo Sejima
Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa
are partners in the architectural firm
SANAA in Tokyo. In May 2010, the
practice was awarded the Pritzker
Architecture Prize for 2010, which has
become known throughout the world
as architectures greatest honor. In
addition, Sejima has been appointed
curator of the 12th International
Architecture Exhibition in Venice, the
Biennale di Venezia. SANAAs most
well-known designs include the New
Museum of Contemporary Art in New
York and the Zollverein School of
Management and Design in Essen.
 views
32
Climbing skyscrapers with bare hands seemed impossible to me,
but I have realized that the impossible remains impossible only until
you make it possible.
Alain Robert, French urban climber
 projects_infrastructure
34

WHAT COMES BEFORE

The emergence and growth of cities depend not only on structural development, but also on
development below ground. The city below the city plays a decisive role, particularly for
infrastructural supply and mobility.

t this stage, all that can be seen is streets, sand and
pebbles. A few white factory buildings tower on the
horizon, barely discernible in the shimmering heat. The
black asphalt ribbons stretch along several kilometers
through the pale sand, through the desert. Below the
streets, however, everything is already in place for
A the onslaught that the Emirate of Dubai is hoping
for in the desert sand: A stones throw away from the new Al Mak-
toum International Airport, which will be the largest in the world
once it has been completed, an approximately 30-square-kilometer
business complex is being built in which hundreds of international
companies are set to find a new home or set up an Arabic branch:
Dubai World Central. Not even a garage has been built yet, but
water and sewage pipes as well as electricity and air-conditioning
lines have long since been laid. Pairs of fiber-optic cables were
immediately buried in the ground to enable data to flow around the
world undisturbed at a later juncture. Before the city grows, the
infrastructure is already in place. Some 150,000 people will work
in the new logistics center and office buildings with 45 stories and
25 hotels will be built. And they will all have to be supplied with
water, electricity and air conditioning. This is unthinkable without a
high-capacity infrastructure. 3

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 35

THE CITY?

Where there is still desert today, a futuristic

eco-city could stand tomorrow (see p. 38)
but first of all it needs a viable utility supply
infrastructure.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 projects_infrastructure
36

The Romans used

opus caementitium,
a predecessor and
eponym of todays
cement, to build
their aqueducts.

3 The new financial center just outside Dubai is probably one of the
most impressive construction projects worldwide, but by no means
the only one. Cities are growing, particularly in China and India, but
also in Africa. In China, urban quarters are currently being built from
scratch for 50,000 people in only three years; frequently in loca-
tions where conglomerates are setting up factories. According to
Unesco estimates, 60 percent of humanity will already be living in
cities in the year 2025. Supplying all these people with electricity or
clean drinking water is a challenge. To achieve this, intelligent and
effective infrastructure solutions are needed now more than ever.
The best solution for electricity supply would be to use regenera-
tive energies. In the medium term, however, sun and wind will only
be able to supply the worlds metropolises with part of their electri-
city requirements. In the meantime, natural gas is an ideal alterna-
tive, as it is markedly cleaner to burn than coal and can be utilized
in small power stations in the city for combined electricity and heat
generation. In Germanys case, gas has to be procured from
Russia and other far-away Asian regions by pipeline. For this
purpose, ThyssenKrupp has developed special steels that are

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June


particularly durable with a wall thickness of more than 2 centime-
ters. Hence the gas can be pumped through the pipeline at higher
pressures, enabling more gas to be transported. An additional
factor makes the pipes special too. They resist high concentrations
of hydrogen sulfide in the natural gas which could otherwise lead
to cracks and leaks.
Infrastructure that grows with the city
One of the most pressing questions of our time is how we can sup-
ply the growing global population, and especially the people in the
cities, in an environmentally friendly way in the future. At the
moment, there is no silver bullet that is economically viable as well.
However, researchers in many countries have developed very
different approaches to the infrastructure of the future. In Stock-
holm, for example, a new waterfront district for 25,000 people,
Hammarby Sjstad, is being developed. A large proportion of the
heat required for heating and warm water is generated from the
gasification of biosolids and from burning garbage. To reduce the
amount of automobile traffic, an express ferry connection and new
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
37
The future is a small-scale
segmentation of the city
into several centers, some of
which are self-sufficient.
bus routes have been launched. The Austrian city of Linz also
wants to cut carbon dioxide emissions in its new solarCity district.
Approximately half of the warm water is to be generated by solar
collectors in the district, while the remainder will be supplied by
district heating pipelines.
Thus the trend in urban development and infrastructure is clear:
Infrastructure supply to the metropolitan areas has to be as local
as possible, and in some cases the areas even have to be self-
sufficient. The days of the big sewage networks and arterial roads
have gone, says Alexander Rieck, who collates pertinent research
and development results and applies them to major international
projects at the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft research institute.
The future is a small-scale segmentation of the city into several
centers, some of which are self-sufficient and where people live,
shop and work. For example, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft institute
conducted a study into how such an area could supply its own
water and disburden itself of sewage. One solution is thin vacuum
pipes that can almost do without water entirely and which extract
fecal matter by suction like in a train toilet. Solids can then be 3
 projects_infrastructure
3 easily separated, dried and burned or fermented into biogas on
Rock-solid foundation
38
Today, the basis of every city infrastructure
is comprised of one thing in particular:
concrete. Roads are cast, skyscraper
shells are built, railroad bridges are shaped
or tunnels below the city are lined with
concrete. No other building material is
used worldwide as frequently as this one
the classic mixture of cement, water and
sand. In Germany alone, 35 million tons of
cement are used in construction every
year. Cement is manufactured in plants
that are as tall as towers and in some
cases taller than Cologne Cathedral.
Many of these plants supply up to 15,000
tons of cement a day.
The ThyssenKrupp subsidiary Polysius
specializes in the construction of these
huge works and has built several plants in
the developing nations of this world. They
supply the essence for new infrastructures
such as railroad or underground lines that
take some of the load off the congested
streets or also for underground shopping
malls, as are being planned by Dutch
architects in Amsterdam to leave the canal
and gable architecture above ground
untouched. Today, thanks to special con-
struction chemical additives, concrete
and cement are truly high-performance
materials.
In tunnel construction, cement is mixed
with accelerating admixtures. This makes
the concrete harden within seconds as
soon as the extruder has dashed it onto
the tunnel wall. It is a well-known fact
that cement factories require enormous
amounts of fuel. To save precious raw
materials like oil, gas or coal, the plants
are therefore fitted in such a way that they
can also be fired by waste materials
by garbage or old tires. Environmental
savings are also made in the raw materials
used to make cement. Today, blast-fur-
nace slag from iron production is frequent-
ly used. It transpires that these waste
materials actually improve the properties
of the cement. Types of slag are used in
road construction today too, for example in
sound-absorbing silent asphalts. 7
site. Rainwater is used to flush the toilet. It is collected in gigantic
underground tanks like a kind of communal cistern.
Alexandra Lux from the Institute for Social-Ecological Research
(ISOE) in Frankfurt am Main also believes that the infrastructure of
the future is more likely to be structured on a small scale. No one
knows exactly how urban growth will progress in the coming de-
cades. Instead of building big infrastructure networks, it makes
more sense to develop a system that can grow with the city and
that is made up of small infrastructure islands. Among other
things, Lux is working on processes that can be used to forecast
water demand.
As for water supply itself, Australias national science agency,
Csiro, recently presented an impressive solution: In the future,
during the rainy season it plans to pump the water into the water-
bearing strata deep in the ground known as aquifers, to cover
water demand in times of drought.
Self-sufficiency on a small scale
The Emirate of Abu Dhabi, Dubais neighbor, is also pursuing a
small-scale self-sufficiency approach. By the year 2020, the
worlds first carbon-neutral, zero-waste city, Masdar City, is set to
rise up out of the desert sand in the emirate. The municipality,
designed by star architect Sir Norman Foster for a population of
50,000, is set to be the first CO2-free metropolis in the world, the
first to generate its own energy for electricity, ambient cooling and
transport from sun and wind. There will be no cars. Instead,
driverless electric pod cars will glide along in the basements below
the streets. They will take residents and commuters automatically
from A to B. The only thing missing is the high-rise buildings.
Instead of the huge apartment and office complexes that are stan-
dard today in Abu Dhabi too, and between which temperatures rise
to 50 degrees centigrade in the middle of the day, the plan for
Masdar is to have snug two- and three-story houses and narrow,
shady alleyways that will remain cool. Thus despite all its progres-
siveness, Masdar will return to the construction style traditional to
the Arab desert regions. Although the economic crisis caused a
shake-up of the sheiks plans, such that they are now drawing up
a new master plan, to date there is still no other city worldwide that
will go so far with environmentally friendly infrastructure.
In the 19th century, European cities began to build modern sewage
systems; at the beginning of the 20th century, water pipes and
electricity networks followed. For a protracted period, infrastructure
meant supply in large dimensions. Of course, that is still the case
today. However, one thing is certain: In the future, different tech-
nologies will be increasingly combined to supply cities. Infrastruc-
ture is becoming more diversified and will thus be perfectly adap-
table to the respective conditions in Europe, in Asia, in a new city
or for the modification of an established hub. We dont know yet
which ideas will prevail, says Alexander Rieck, but many will,
because the population growth is creating huge demand. 7
TEXT: TIM SCHRDER
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 39

Dilapidated water pipes in the West, a lack of

infrastructure in developing countries water supply
remains one of the biggest global challenges.

Instead of building big infrastructure networks, it makes more

sense to develop a system that can grow with the city.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 projects_materials
40

MATERIALS
THAT
Whether for spectacular construction projects or protecting famous monuments architects can only
implement many of their ideas with the help of modern materials like newly developed types of steel,
titanium and steel sandwich elements.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 41

DREAMS ARE MADE OF

Striking: The foyer of the Porsche Museum in Stuttgart that was designed by Viennese architectural
firm Delugan Meissl rests on three massive concrete pillars 16 meters above the ground. The corro-
sion-resistant stainless steel made by ThyssenKrupp that was used here spatially increases the
generous entrance to the foyer and intensifies the interaction between visitors and building, as archi-
tect Roman Delugan explains.
 projects_materials
42
hen the Burj Khalifa Bin Zayed, known for
short as the Burj Tower, was officially
opened on January 4, 2010 in Dubai, Thys-
senKrupp Nirosta also had a reason to cele-
brate. For the facade of the 828-meter-high
tower, the constructors drew on some 400 tons
W of stainless steel from the Dillenburg works
that was processed and delivered by German partner company
Strukturmetall. However, the building, which was erected in a
six-year construction period following the plans of U.S. architect
Adrian Smith, is not only the tallest in the world, it is also parti-
cularly resilient stainless steel resists the environmental effects to
which the Burj Tower is exposed because of its simultaneous
proximity to sea and desert and the temperature fluctuations this
causes. In addition, the surface was treated to economize on
weight and make the facade non-reflective in order not to confuse
pilots on their approach to the airport in Dubai.
New materials change architecture
Like numerous other spectacular edifices before it, the Burj Tower
demonstrates how the development of new or the improvement of
familiar materials continue to expand architects possibilities.
Cement was one of these materials, even back in the days of
antiquity. The Romans mixed it with travertine, tuff and slate chip-
pings and so were able to vault a 43-meter space, a formidable
span for that time, without using columns when they built the Pan-
theon 2,000 years ago. In the mid-19th century, on the other hand,
glass and iron caused a sensation when British architect Joseph
Paxton had the exhibition building for the first World Exhibition in
1851 in London known as the Crystal Palace constructed using
mainly these two materials. Not long afterwards, steel began its
worldwide advance. The construction of the steel lattice tower that
New materials ensure that increasingly daring designs
can be realized.
was named after its builder, Gustave Eiffel, for the centennial of the
French Revolution and the 1889 world exhibition that accompanied
it, once again involved the display of a modern building material.
However, the erection of the Empire State Building in 1930/31 in
New York in the record time of 18 months surely symbolizes most
impressively the extent to which steel revolutionized architecture in
the metropolises of the world. At 381 meters high, the Empire State
Building was the worlds highest building for more than 40 years
until the World Trade Center was built.
Steel remains future-proof
Although the end of the steel age has meantime been predicted
several times already, constant three-digit-million investments by
the German steel industry alone ensure that steel remains compe-
titive against newly developed composite materials like fiber glass
reinforced plastic or metal foams, both in terms of price as well as
of material properties. Thus the number of types of
steel listed in the European Steel Register has risen
continuously in recent years to currently 2,379 market-
relevant types. In 2009 alone, 86 new types of steel
were added to the list. This was five types more than the
total for the previous four years, according to Wolfgang
Schmitz of the German Steel Federation. Add to this
further non-registered special works brands and non-
European steels. New types of steel should either achieve
weight savings while retaining the same material
properties or improved properties while retaining the
same weight. Over many decades, the interaction bet-
ween material research and development on the one
hand and adaptation to the constantly growing
demands of builders and architects on the other have
ensured that buildings are being constructed increas-
ingly higher and ultimately that increasingly daring designs can be
realized.
Particularly the combination of steel and concrete has ensured that
building can continue to enter into new dimensions, as with the
construction of the Burj Tower. The latest development in concrete
is what is known as translucent concrete, which allows a certain
amount of light to pass through it. ron Losonczi from Hungary
managed to produce these novel concrete elements by inserting
optical fibers. Light and shadow can still be discerned at wall
thicknesses of up to 20 meters. In Mexico City, this material is 3
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 43

Stainless steel | Whether in the facade

of the newly built Burj Tower in Dubai or
to stabilize the Frauenkirche church in
Dresden architects employ Thyssen
Krupp Nirostas material for many
different purposes.

Concrete | Already used to impressive

effect by the Romans to build the
Pantheon in Rome, this material also
developed further and today enables
audacious constructions like the
Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge in Braslia.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 projects_materials
44

Glass | The trans-

parent material
of glass has lost
nothing of its fasci-
nation for archi-
tects like here in
Ieoh Ming Peis
famous pyramid in
front of the Louvre
(photo left) or as
the roof of the
Grand Palais, also
in Paris, that was
built around 1900
(photo middle left).

Titanium | Indestructible: Titanium hardly weathers at all, even in inclement conditions,

and is being increasingly used in facades. Thus the dome of the National Theater in
Beijing (photo middle right) has been partially constructed from this material. Moreover,
more than 20 years ago, ThyssenKrupp Titanium already supplied 30 tons of the
material for the doors of the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca, thus protecting them
perfectly against corrosion from the aggressive sea air.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June


3 currently being used for the first time on a large scale by architects
Ebner + Snchez to build an extension to the company headquar-
ters of Mexican construction firm ICA. The 120-meter-long building
that will rest on only a few supports is set to receive a circumferen-
tial facade with panels made of the translucent concrete.
Whether Cologne Cathedral, the Acropolis or St. Marks Church:
Steel and titanium can help restore old buildings.
Apart from steel and concrete, titanium in particular is a material
that has excellent mechanical properties, is furthermore highly
corrosion-resistant and enables the construction of spectacular
edifices in modern architecture. The Guggenheim Museum in
Bilbao, which was completed in 1997 and
clad with sheets of titanium, is the best
known, but by no means the only building that
can gleam in this way. For example, Japanese
architect Kisho Kurokawa also combined
titanium with aluminum for the extension to
the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, which
was opened two years later, to lend more
luster to the elliptic shape of the structure
compared with the more austere, quadrangu-
lar main building.
Apart from exclusivity and luster, titanium
scores points among builders and architects
in particular because of its resilience: Because
contact with oxygen causes a thin, trans-
parent oxide layer to form on its surface,
which virtually does not react any more, it
hardly weathers at all, even in unfavorable
weather conditions. This is a factor which also
moved the builders of the Glasgow Science
Center to choose titanium cladding for the roof
and facade of the building, including the
attached IMAX cinema.
However, stainless steel and titanium do not come into considera-
tion solely for modern construction projects; they are used in total-
ly unexpected situations too. Anywhere heat, cold and corrosion
damage the fabric of ancient, medieval or other buildings from
more recent epochs over the years, these modern materials offer
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
45
the opportunity to counteract the decay. Normally, stainless steel
is only associated with modern architecture, said Gert Wei, head
of Product Service at ThyssenKrupp Nirosta. However, it can also
help restore old buildings, without giving them an entirely new
character. One example is Cologne Cathedral, where the old and
heavily corroded iron girders of the 100-meter-high visitors gallery
were replaced by stainless steel girders. The construction of the
Frauenkirche church in Dresden and the equestrian statue in front
of the Town Hall in Bremen were stabilized using securing elements
made of Nirosta steels. In these application examples, the promi-
nent factor is not the technical aesthetic of the material, but its
functionality, Wei continued.
Modern monument preservation in steel and titanium
This also applies to the concealed use of titanium on the Acropolis
in Athens. Years previously, the steel originally used for restoring
the monument was replaced by titanium rods manufactured by
ThyssenKrupp Titanium to prevent the marble in the world-famous
temple columns being damaged by corrosion. ThyssenKrupp
Titanium is also involved in saving Venices landmark, the Campa-
nile di San Marco, from dilapidation.
The Campanile, a free-standing bell tower of St. Marks Cathedral
on the opposite side of St. Marks Square, was originally built in the
10th century, collapsed in 1902 and was subsequently rebuilt.
However, the foundation of the almost 100-meter-high tower is
made of wooden stakes, which have rotted over the years from the
salt water. In addition, because the sea-level is rising, high tides
and floods are attacking the fabric of the building. This can cause
cracks to appear, and St. Marks Tower could lean sideways or
collapse again. In an elaborate operation over a two-year
construction period up to the end of 2011, a titanium construction
will be extended around the present foundation at a depth of three-
and-a-half meters underwater with the aim of keeping the edifice
stable in the long term. 7
TEXT: CHRISTOPH NEUSCHFFER
 2007

projects_quarter
462008
 47

Dreams become reality: In a time loop, 52 pictures show how

the expansive campus of the new ThyssenKrupp Quarter arose
from an industrial wasteland at the edge of downtown Essen in
about two and a half years. In the summer of 2010, employees
started moving into the new Group headquarters of Thyssen
2009 Krupp. With its large panorama windows, the prominent main
building Q1, somewhat left of center of the range of vision, and
the campus as a whole stand for openness and an invitation
for dialogue. Read on to discover what special features the
Quarter offers, how it reflects innovation and future orientation,
and why the 230-hectare area is so interesting from a historical
point of view.

2010

TK Magazin | 1 | 2010 | Juni

 quarter_interview
48

MOVEMENT
An interview on the new ThyssenKrupp Quarter in Essen with Ralph Labonte, Director of Human Resources
on the Executive Board of ThyssenKrupp AG, who headed up the project.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June


AND RENEWAL
Mr. Labonte, ThyssenKrupp started an international architect com-
petition for the new ThyssenKrupp Quarter in 2006, and the ground-
breaking ceremony took place in mid-2007. Now the Groups em-
ployees are moving into the Quarter. What does such a large
project, which gathers together thousands of people in a new
place, mean for ThyssenKrupp?
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
49
After two years of construction, the topping-out ceremony for the
Group headquarters in the new ThyssenKrupp Quarter took
place on July 17, 2009. On behalf of the Executive Board, Ralph
Labonte thanked everyone who contributed with their know-how
for awakening a city quarter and old industrial site to new life.
First of all, we are happy and proud to move into a new Quarter that is
such an architectural success and is tailored precisely to our require-
ments. It articulates how we see ourselves and what is important to us
in many ways. It is thus an expression of our self-conception. With our
return to the Ruhr region, we are clearly committing ourselves to the
area in which ThyssenKrupp and its predecessors have their roots. In 3
 quarter_interview
50
A Quarter for 2,000
employees
ThyssenKrupp is concentrating its adminis-
trative sites in the new Quarter in Essen in
addition to the second administrative head
office in Duisburg. The entire Krupp Belt com-
prises 230 hectares. It borders on the western
part of downtown Essen and stretches 7 kilo-
meters to the north. About 2,000 employees
have been working on the campus of the
ThyssenKrupp Quarter since June 2010. The
Quarter was built on the basis of a design
by Chaix & Morel et associs, Paris/JSWD
Architekten und Planer, Cologne. The office
concept was developed in cooperation with
the Fraunhofer Institute, taking the wishes of
the employees into consideration. 7

The shell-core principle
The basic design of all campus buildings
reflects the harmonious interplay between ar-
chitecture and space, as a symbol of dialogue
and communication. To achieve this, the
shell-core principle was applied: All buil-
dings consist of at least two L-shaped indivi-
dual structural bodies that surround a shared
space. Two facade types thus arise one
facing the central space with the courtyards
and atria (the core) and the other facing the
exterior and relating to the open spaces (the
shell). The warm, sunny colors of the sheet
metal of the core," which is illuminated in the
twilight and night hours, create a strong con-
trast to the rough, metallic external shell. 7
A new green Quarter: on the left, the new Krupp Belt, on the right, downtown
Essen, connected by the new Berthold-Beitz-Boulevard
3 Essen, Group history started at a small cast-steel factory called Krupp
in 1811 and it continues to be written here. That is something special.
Just think of how other companies have moved sites, even abroad. A
move also always means movement, a renewal. I think I speak for all
Group employees when I say that we are conscious of this historical
dimension. I am excited to see how these dynamics affect us all.
How important is the site of a Group headquarters nowadays?
A site is always a sign of the companys connection with a city or regi-
on. Especially in a globalized world, the place where a company settles
is of great importance and high symbolic value for the company itself,
for its employees, and naturally for the respective site. Even an interna-
tionally networked group like ThyssenKrupp with sites on five continents
needs a centralized administration as the heart of the Group and as a
symbol for its development.

Building_dimensions_1
Construction site
More than 300 companies took part in
the construction
About 1,600 workers at peak times at the
construction site
Several hundred construction vehicles a day
13 cranes (max. simultaneous use)
450,000 cubic meters moved earth
Approx. 3 kilometers of construction site fencing

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 51

A place for working and relaxing: the new campus

The urban campus concept should also at least to some extent

convey openness toward the outside. Isnt it still probable, how-
ever, that the Quarter will develop into a microcosm for the people
who work there?
No, I dont think so the Quarter is embedded in a very comprehensive
urban development. Eleven years ago, the general plan for the so-
called Krupp Belt, the area of development between downtown Essen
and the Altendorf district that lay empty for the most part for decades,
had already been developed. With a sheer size of about 230 hectares,
this is the largest downtown development area in Germany. The objec-
tive then as today is to expand the city center and link it with the Alten-
dorf district. With the decision to concentrate the administrative units of
ThyssenKrupp in the heart of this area of development, we have stimu-
Underground
lated an urban dynamic in Essen. In parallel, the city started the first A lot is also going on under the green carpet
part of construction of Berthold-Beitz-Boulevard and the northern of the ThyssenKrupp campus: A clever logi-
section of Krupp Park and has already handed it over to its citizens. I am stics system has been created underground.
confident that the general public will also discover our campus and thus Generously sized underground garages
start a lively exchange between the Group and its vicinity. By designing connect all buildings in a sophisticated traffic
the campus so openly, we wanted to take a stand, especially at a time system and thus make sure that the entire
when security checks are almost out of control. We built neither a fence campus remains car-free supply and
nor a wall so that this immense area is not just available to employees. disposal, delivery and pick-up take place
The design of the forum also shows that we are serious about our invi- underground, and garbage trucks and catering
tation for dialogue: It should be a place of conversation and exchange. vans will not be seen anywhere on campus.
Visitors and employees can drive to every
Which view or assessment do you hope to obtain from your guests single building underground. This means
and neighbors in Essen? Do you expect an urban development as no-one has to walk across the campus in bad
we have seen in the last few years in Germany, for example on weather. 7
Potsdamer Platz in Berlin or in Hamburgs HafenCity? 3

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 quarter_interview
52
A strong partnership
A consortium of Paris architects Chaix & Morel
et associs and Cologne architectural practice
JSWD Architekten won the competition to de-
sign the ThyssenKrupp Quarter. The agencies
are bound by friendship; a number of projects
have already arisen from their combined
drafts, including the new central train station
of Luxembourg. Colognes JSWD has been in
business since 2000. The four partners,
Jrgen Steffens, Olaf Drehsen, and Konstantin
and Frederik Jaspert, run an office with about
50 employees. JSWD sees its distinctive
sense for planning in urban dimensions as
one of its particular strengths. With few, but
clearly defined elements, the architects create
clear hierarchies of buildings and free spaces.
This also characterizes the ThyssenKrupp
Quarter: The building and surrounding land-
scape are an equal part of the spatial whole;
the individual building blocks develop their
full effect embedded in the green and empty
spaces of the campus.
Atelier darchitecture Chaix & Morel et asso-
cis, founded in 1983, currently comprises a
team of eight partners (Philippe Chaix, Jean-
Paul Morel, Rmy Van Nieuwenhove, Walter
Grasmug, Anabel Sergent, Denis Germond,
Benoit Sigros, and Rmi Lichnerowicz) and
30 employees. The agencys design priorities
include ecologically sustainable building and
planning, the search for architectural forms
of expression with strong identity, and the use
of innovative technologies in the planning
and development of buildings. Chaix & Morels
design principles include architecture of sober
elegance, a contextual language of shapes,
and a subtle use of natural light. At present,
the atelier is mainly engaged outside of
France, not least due to intensive cooperation
with other architects abroad. The Thyssen
Krupp Quarter is the first project of such
magnitude within such a constellation in
which Chaix & Morel et associs has been
involved. 7
3 That remains to be seen. Comparisons of this type always involve a
certain imponderability since conditions are different in every city. In the
past decades, Essen and the Ruhr region have gone through an exten-
sive structural change this continues to this day this is also reflected
in its selection as the cultural capital of Europe this year. The develop-
mental process by means of which the future of this region should be
secured has been anything but easy and has resulted in painful decisi-
ons in many areas. In this context, our decision for this site is also a sig-
nal that we believe in the future of the region. I hope that our guests and
neighbors come to a similar judgement. The foundation for a lively
urban development which can never be precisely controlled or pre-
dicted has been laid down with the general plan and the Thyssen
Krupp Quarter. Now it depends on what we and everyone else make of
it. Thats exciting.
Architecture is also always a self-portrait of whoever lives there.
What does the construction of the new Quarter say about Thys-
senKrupp? What message should the Quarter communicate to the
outside world, what trends should it set?
We are primarily a technology group that lives from the ideas of highly
qualified engineers who introduce our products and know-how to the
We are serious about our
invitation for dialogue.
world. An exchange of knowledge and dialogue are thus essential
which we demonstrate with the campus structure and openness to the
outside. We basically want to signal transparency and openness. This is
proven, among other things, by the facades. The main Q1 building, for
example, has large window-like openings, the panorama windows. In
addition, the Quarter reflects the lively innovative culture of our Group.
This is shown at a first glance by such things as the fine sheet metal
facade or the unique sun protection design that we developed in-house.
Employees and guests will also discover many innovations on the
second and third look. As a global technological group, ThyssenKrupp
is committed to helping design a sustainable living environment for
todays and future generations and that starts in-house. The particu-
larly sustainable construction of the Quarter has already been awarded
a renowned pre-certificate.
Building_dimensions_2
Building materials
90,000 cubic meters of concrete
23,000 tons of steel
28,600 square meters of carpeting
16,300 square meters of glass surfaces
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 53
Avenue of the Worlds
The Allee der Welten (Avenue of the Worlds)
in front of the forum reflects the international
character and global orientation of Thyssen
Krupp AG. The 68 trees planted here come
from five continents. During the selection,
particular attention was paid to growth and
foliation to ensure the most versatile ensemble
possible. Similar to Essens Hgelpark where
the Krupp family once planted trees from all
over the world, no tree shoots were planted,
but rather fully grown trees so that the desired
overall effect would already be in place when
the Quarter is occupied. 7

Symbol of a new future of ThyssenKrupp in Essen: Construction work for the Quarter started with
the groundbreaking ceremony on June 12, 2007. From left: Dr. Gerhard Cromme, Chairman of
the ThyssenKrupp Supervisory Board, Dr. Wolfgang Reiniger, Mayor of the City of Essen, Prof.
Dr. Berthold Beitz, Honorary Chairman of the ThyssenKrupp Supervisory Board, Minister-President
Jrgen Rttgers, Dr. Ekkehard Schulz, Chairman of the Executive Board of ThyssenKrupp AG, and
Ralph Labonte, Member of the Executive Board of ThyssenKrupp AG.

How will users experience the quarter? What kind of working and
living environment will they find?
Here too, the keywords are transparency and openness. The wide use of
glazing communicates spaciousness: It provides the greatest possible
natural incidence of light and thus a bright, friendly working ambience.
The floors, ceilings, and office furniture made of bright materials
reinforce the effect of light inside the buildings. The water axis, the bou-
levard, and the open campus structure create an inspirational working
environment. The green spaces, on which people can both work and
relax, contribute to this atmosphere. With a non-religious Room of
Virgin territory in the city
Tranquility, we offer our employees a place to retreat from the hectic of With the long-term Krupp Belt project, a new,
everyday work. This all expresses our idea of future-oriented work- urban quarter that should offer space for work,
places. The concentration of the previously separate sites will certainly free time, and culture, is arising in the middle
lead to changes in the daily routine for some. We have, however, of downtown Essen. In this process, the needs
mastered other moves in the past and will do so this time as well. and potentials of the existing neighborhoods
play a central role: Connections and links are
What were the greatest challenges in connection with the new con- being created, which will allow the surrounding
struction? What surprised you the most in the project phase? quarters to be strengthened by the qualities
As a whole, the construction project was a logistical challenge. We of the Krupp Belt. After the completion of
relaid a high-voltage line that cut across the site a unique procedure the southern section, the approximately 22-
in Germany. In addition, we ploughed through the entire area with hectare Krupp Park, designed by landscaper
crushers to clean up the foundation of the cast steel factory and level Andreas Kipar together with the citizens of the
the ground for the construction of the water axis. We have also coped neighboring quarters, will offer space for free
with some unexpected events like the emergency landing of a small time and recreation. 7
airplane on our construction site. 3

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 quarter_interview
54
Panorama windows
The atrium of the main Q1 building is the heart
of the ThyssenKrupp campus and whoever
enters the campus can see how it beats. The
25-meter-wide and 28-meter-high windows
open up the view into the interior space from
the south and north. The lack of frames or
sash bars on the windows creates the initial
impression that the panorama windows consist
of a single giant pane. How was this maximum
transparency achieved? Among other things,
the objective was to use as few panes as
possible so that the window is interrupted by
as few silicone joints as possible. The result
of these considerations are insulating glass
panes that are 2.15 meters wide and 3.60
meters high. In addition, the most slender
support structure possible for the windows
plays a decisive role so the engineers selected
a vertically and horizontally pretensioned cable
truss facade. The panes are supported at
certain points using clamps. The panorama
windows thus not only provide transparency
they are also a technical masterpiece of steel
and glass, as well as symbolizing the
innovative force of ThyssenKrupp. 7
3 Which elements of the Quarter do you think are particularly un-
usual in comparison with other similar projects?
On the one hand, the overall architectural presentation: Our structure is
so flexible that we can react to dynamic change processes within the
Group. The overall concept with one-third built-up area and two-thirds
open green areas is certainly unusual as well. The 700 trees and the
generously designed water axis contribute considerably to improving
the microclimate of the entire grounds. What is unique is perhaps the
use of our own products, some of which we especially developed for the
Quarter. In this manner, we have created a corporate architecture, an
identity-promoting construction culture that makes the new Group
headquarters in Essen distinctive.
And now your personal assessment: We have the year 2030. Will
the move to the quarter have marked an epochal change for the
Group?
Calling it an epochal change is probably too much. The move wont turn
ThyssenKrupp into a completely different company. If you put what
youre familiar with to the test, however, as weve done with this con-
struction project, new ideas always arise. With the Quarter, we have
implemented the corporate identity and demands that we place on
ourselves innovation and sustainability, openness and networking of
knowledge in a physical form. That also creates new impetus and a
feeling of renewal. To that extent, I do think that we will look back on this
move as an important distance marker, maybe even as the beginning of
a new chapter in the history of the Group.7
Building_dimensions_3
Infrastructure
320,000 running meters of electrical lines
9,000 running meters of water pipes
29 elevators, escalators, and lifting platforms
About 3 kilometers of ground loops
(geothermical energy)
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

Room of Tranquility
Become essential, Man! When the world fails at last, Accident falls away, but Essence, that stands fast.
Angelus Silesius
3 These words could be used to describe a chapel or meditation room
in the ThyssenKrupp Quarter in Essen, Germany. The company is at-
tempting to create future-oriented, sustainable structures and open up
space for its visionary foundations. At the foundation of every enterprise
are the people involved: those for whom the company is there or the
target group and those who make up the company the makers and
doers. A Room of Tranquility and meditation should invite both groups
to pause for a moment to refresh themselves for their further
travels down the everyday paths in their business and personal lives. An
opportunity to take a short rest in the hectic workday that has been
and will continue to be the function of the roadside chapel. These small
structures are visible to everyone, inviting us in, but we can also choose
to pass by. Maybe that best descibes the idea of this Room of Tran-
quility. In the context of a corporate head office, a chapel or meditati-
on room can only function as an optional facility and should not be seen
as its main emphasis. It is, then, a room within a room a symbolic
space that allows connections to resonate, but not to be articulated.
Where should such a room be located in the constructed space? It must
be visible and easy to find for those looking for it, but also function as a
hidden retreat for those within.
The words of Angelus Silesius portray humans as beings in relationship
to other beings and places. People strive to move beyond that which
they are. Space is given to encompass that yearning for something
greater, for something or someone else. What survives Accident and
remains? Sometimes this question comes up amid all of the transience
of everyday business. Because a Room of Tranquility should lift
Father Abraham Fischer
from the Knigsmnster
Abbey consulted with
ThyssenKrupp during
the construction of the
Room of Tranquility.
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
55
Room to retreat and exchange ideas
The Room of Tranquility invites all employees and guests
of the ThyssenKrupp Quarter to linger awhile. It is a place for
meditation, collection and retreat, but also for intercultural,
interdenominational exchange. The Room of Tranquility
actually consists of a series of rooms with an anteroom and
an adjoining main room, in which a large cube seems to float
in the air. The walls and floor of the room are constructed of
a white, smooth mineral plaster that is lightly marbled. In
contrast, the inside of the floating cube is covered in titanium
spindles, which can only be seen from beneath the cube.
This provides an interesting tension based on the contrast to
the smooth plaster walls. 7
visitors up so that they can access their true abilities and power, the
rooms design should emphasize upward motion and height. Consider-
ing that the searching associated with being human takes on many and
various shapes, a Room of Tranquility created in a company that is
active all over the world cannot provide an adequate response to every-
one. The room can simply serve as a container in which questions
remain open, questions a person asks him or herself and questions
about the future. Such a room should be kept neutral with nothing that
indicates a specific religion but should also address visitors in a very
personal manner. The questions a person asks about
him or herself would provide a good focus. This focus
could give rise to any manner of ideas about what God
is or not. The room should provide a great degree of
freedom and release, but not attempt to specify the di-
rection of a persons introspection. Likewise, the place
should exhibit a sense of design but remain free of
condescension. Even just the existence of such a
space is meaningful and points to the builders con-
ception of humanity. A Room of Tranquility allows
people to be seen as more than just part of the
economy. This perspective suggests sustainability
and poses questions regarding the future of this
German company. At one time, semi-finished pro-
ducts were manufactured from raw materials, then
products, and finally, innovations and technology.
Perhaps future fabrications will also include visions
for the Essence, that stands fast? 7
TEXT: FATHER ABRAHAM FISCHER, OSB
 quarter_people
56
Im looking forward
THE DOERS
Constructing the Quarter employed way over
1,000 workers in some way or another.
Three of them describe their everyday work
at the construction site.
Jrgen Nageldick
Project Manager, Materials Handling
3 Jrgen Nageldick lifts people up: As a project manager, he takes
care of the elevators and escalators in the ThyssenKrupp Quarter. He
will have been involved in this project from beginning to end, from the
first technology meeting to the final owner approval and acceptance. An
engineering technician from the area around Mnster, he has worked
for ThyssenKrupp Elevator since 2002. He has overseen many projects,
including the installation of elevators and escalators at a software ma-
nufacturer in Walldorf, a clothing store in Mannheim and a shopping
center in Essen. This time Nageldick
is responsible for 22 elevators in
addition to three escalators, a plat-
to the campus. form elevator and three scissors lifts.
Altogether that makes 30 conveyor
systems. Transporting this amount of materials is not possible in just a
wink of the eye. Between 50 and 60 deliveries are necessary, esti-
mates Jrgen Nageldick. Construction site logistics presented a great
challenge. He had to ob-
tain entrance permits and
employee ID badges
otherwise the transporters
would not be allowed to
drive through the gates.
That all takes time. In ad-
dition, because the con-
struction site is located
downtown, there is hardly
any storage space. You
just have to coordinate
everything well, says the
38-year-old manager. A
so-called order processor
provides support. In addi-
tion, the team includes a
project assistant, a con-
struction manager and
about ten fitters. In the
Quarter, they all play a
part in tackling a great
technical challenge. In the
Q1 administration build-
ing the tallest building, with 16 floor stops ThyssenKrupp Elevator
installed three panoramic elevators. Together, two of these form a TWIN
system: The two elevator cabins move independently of each other in
the same shaft, explains Nageldick. In this way, the owners save space
and the elevator passengers save time. Jrgen Nageldick has every
reason to be proud: The new Quarter will be a nice place to work. Im
looking forward to seeing the finished campus. 7
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 57
Willi Dring Georg Lummel
Head Chef Master Tinsmith
3 On Tuesdays Willi Dring sells chicken, on Thursdays pea soup 3 Wherever facades gleam in
and on Fridays Pangasius filet. Tuesday is poultry day, Thursday is the sunlight, decorated with
soup and stew day and Friday is fish day, he says. Of course, Willi unusual shapes made of titani-
Dring doesnt just serve lunch at his snack stand. He also offers um, stainless steel or thin
sausage specialties: sausage with curry sauce, Bockwurst sausage and sheet metal, it is likely that
Polish sausage. If youre health conscious, you can add a small side Georg Lummel had something
dish of a coleslaw type salad. Since May 2008, along with three collea- to do with it. And this is indeed
gues, Willi Dring has been serving food to the construction workers at the case with the Q1 building
the ThyssenKrupp Quarter. In and the Forum building at the
Thats something you that time, about 20,000 sausa- ThyssenKrupp Quarter: The
ges have slid across the counter. master tinsmith and his com-
dont see everyday! Masons, electricians, welders pany, Lummel GmbH & Co. KG
everyone takes their meals at the in Karlstadt am Main, were re-
standing bistro tables or on wooden benches. Willi Dring has posted sponsible for installing the
the menu in three languages: German, Polish and Turkish. Most of the high-quality steel sheets that
construction workers come from Germany, Poland and Turkey. But Willi make a significant contribution
Dring hears a lot of Portuguese, Italian, Romanian and Bulgarian as to the buildings outer appea-
well. He estimates that people from around 20 different countries are rance, due to their color, which
working on the construction site. A trained chef, he wants to have is reminiscent of champagne.
something for everyones taste preferences. Those who do not eat pork But this isnt the first time that
can choose ground beef steak, poultry burgers or a fish filet. Willi Dring Georg Lummel has worked together with ThyssenKrupp: This presti-
opens the stand at eight in the morning so that the first shift can enjoy gious company installed the spectacular stainless steel facades of
hot coffee and sandwiches. He closes around 3:30 p.m. But while hes the structures by Frank O.
scrubbing the hotplate, latecomers can still get a pork schnitzel (breaded Before, I didnt think Gehry in the Neue Zollhof
pork cutlet). Willi Dring, who is 55 years old and has worked 34 of in Dsseldorf and in the
those years at ThyssenKrupp, doesnt have a long trip home: He lives that the thin sheet metal entrance area of the new
just two kilometers away. In his free time, he occasionally strolls along Porsche Museum in Stutt-
the site to see how the construction work is progressing. Thats some- would look this good. gart. But, says Lummel,
thing you dont see everyday! he says. The concrete trucks! The steel every property is unique.
beams! And the tall cranes too! 7 For example, at the ThyssenKrupp Quarter one of the challenges was
that each thin metal sheet has to be able to be removed separately in
case of damage. It was also difficult to get the parties involved to agree
with each other. As Lummel explains: In some parts of the building,
four different facade types come together at one place. That means that
the facade installers must all work at the same level of quality and
precision so that everyone comes together at the defined location with
a maximum deviation of just 10 millimeters. And Georg Lummel is
quite pleased with the result. Before, I didnt think that the thin sheet
metal would look this good because for facades of this type we usually
tend to use aluminum. Betraying his self-confidence, he adds, but
when you do it right, this material is also quite suitable for use with
prominent buildings. At times, up to 16 employees from his company
worked on the facades. But now Lummel is glad that the work is
nearly finished. The project was stressful, he says. And actually, thats
almost always the case: The building phase is sometimes nerve-
wracking. But after its over, youre proud and happy to hear the good
feedback. 7

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 quarter_materials
58
BUILDING ON ONES OWN
STRENGTHS
ThyssenKrupp products from elevators and escalators to materials like steel or titanium can be
found in many buildings all over the world. Naturally, the company therefore placed particular
value on proving its own innovative strength and technical expertise in the new ThyssenKrupp Quarter.

A brilliant idea
The sun protection system gives the main building its face
and is unique in the world.

3 The best ideas often come
naturally. Nothing exemplifies
this like the new sun protection
system for the new Q1 building.
The impetus for the innovative
solution came during a meeting
with architectural agencies Chaix
& Morel et associs of Paris and
JSWD Architekten of Cologne. As
the sun shone in the meeting
room, the participants automati-
cally held a hand horizontally over
their eyes to protect them from
the light. This is exactly how the
sun protection in Essen works:
Seven-centimeter-long and two-
millimeter-thick stainless steel
slats lie on the right and left of a
vertical center axis they are, as
it were, the hand protecting ones
eyes from the sun. The axis can rotate and thus align the slats
and sandblasted on the other. The slats thus appear to be matt or
glossy depending on the point of view and incidence of light and
direct the incoming light indoors in such a way that the offices
remain bright enough even if the sun protection is closed.
The manufacturing of the innovative sun protection system was de-
manding. After the processing of the metal strips by ThyssenKrupp
Umformtechnik, a specialist company from South Tyrol mounted
116 to 160 slats onto each axis to form electrically driven slat pack-
ages. In the process, it was important that the slats remain mova-
ble in the center axis and react precisely to the signals of the elec-
trical drive. The programming is clear: The control system not only
detects the seasonal sun position, but also knows what the current
weather is like due to the data of a weather station on the roof
of the new main building a prerequisite for guaranteeing an
all-round excellent sun protection. Another advantage is that even
when the slats are directly in front of the facade, employees can
open the windows at any time. A hand in front of the eyes is no
longer necessary. 7

8
according to the position of the sun in an infinitely variable manner.
Added to that is another showstopper: In order to open the sun
protection completely if required, the slats can be extended
forward.
This especially manufactured sun protection system forms the op-
tical calling card of the building. The approximately 400,000 slats
8
give the building a face that changes according to the incidence of
sunlight on sunny summer days or during storms, for example,
the facade is closed completely with a luminous silvery glow, while
the glass facade peeks through again on cloudy days. The
elements, manufactured by ThyssenKrupp Nirosta from a chromi-
um-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel, were ground on one side

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June


It doesnt always have to be aluminum
For a prestigious facade, fine sheet metal can also be used
if it has the appropriate properties.
3 Sheet metal has long been considered
second rate but nothing could be further
from the truth! The buildings of the
ThyssenKrupp Quarter, finely glimmering
in a champagne hue of metallic elements,
with the main Q1 building in the middle,
consist of nothing other than sheet steel.
Not just any sheet steel, admittedly, but a
high-quality, fine sheet steel organically
refined using a coil coating method. Until
now, such sheet steels have mainly been
intended for the facades of classical indu-
strial halls and office buildings, for which
functionality was everything. Especially in
the case of Thyssen Krupp, these sheet
steels meet ecological criteria and can be
attractively adapted to the color design of
the environment. Even the fine sheet
metal, coated using the hot-dip method,
High up and green
The elevators and escalators in the ThyssenKrupp Quarter are manufactured by ThyssenKrupp and
are particularly environmentally friendly.
Elevator installation in the ThyssenKrupp Quarter
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
however, opens up completely new appli-
cation possibilities. It can not only be
excellently shaped, welded, and painted,
but also meets all requirements for a
distinctive, high-quality color scheme.
The 3-meter-long and 67-centimeter-wide,
chamfered steel panels of the new Thys-
senKrupp Quarter are resistant to wind,
weather, and light and their surfaces are
particularly even. The manufacturing pro-
cess is also innovative. Here, 1 percent of
magnesium is added to the molten zinc for
the fine sheet metal. As a result, improved
corrosion protection is achieved with a
thinner coating, which means that the
valuable raw material zinc can be used
sparingly. In addition, the described fine
sheet metal with a thickness of 0.8 to 1.2
millimeters is considerably thinner and
3 Environmentally sound elevators?
Most people would believe this claim would
apply only to the electric power for the
drive, which could come from renewable
energy. The elevators in the ThyssenKrupp
Quarter which, like the escalators, are
also manufactured by ThyssenKrupp
have the same special features that meet
the Groups standard for sustainable buil-
ding. The six elevators in the Q1 building
convert the energy arising when the cabins
are braked into electrical power and
supply this power back to the power
mains. The elevator system includes two
particularly efficient TWIN elevators where
two cabins operate above each other and
59
Affordable and stylish: the fine sheet metal
facade of the new ThyssenKrupp Quarter
more affordable than a comparable facade
element made of aluminum (aluminum
usually has a layer thickness of 3 millime-
ters). Facades made of surface-coated fine
sheet metals are thus affordable and stylish
at the same time. 7
independently of each other in the same
shaft. Many of the 27 systems in total use
LED lamps that also save a lot of energy
and thus CO 2 emissions while having a
considerably longer service life than con-
ventional bulbs. A further environmentally
friendly feature: Almost all elevator cabins
are equipped with a special roller guide for
operation in the shaft. As a result, no oiled
rails are required and no oil that must be
removed ends up in the shaft. The escala-
tors, on the other hand, consume less
energy because they are operated inter-
mittently that is, they stop automatical-
ly when they are not in use. 7
 quarter_sustainability
60
A GREEN STAGE
Even before its completion, the ThyssenKrupp Quarter was awarded one of
the most prestigious certificates for sustainable building.
he idea of sustainable building is becoming increasingly
popular. For large international projects, competition has really
flared up with regard to which building meets the most advan-
ced energy efficiency criteria and other sustainability factors.
And many real estate investors now take these aspects into
consideration in their selection. Its no wonder then, that from
T the very beginning, the subject of sustainability was at the top
of the agenda for the construction of the ThyssenKrupp Quarter in the
end, with this project, the company is documenting its commitment
to the area of sustainability as well as its expertise in environmental
matters. This scores points in global competition.
But how with regard to the concept of sustainability, which isnt always
clearly defined can we measure if a structure actually takes the im-
portant benchmarks for sustainability into consideration? Certification
offers one possibility. All over the world, certificates have been awarded
that evaluate the companys green stages. Last year, ThyssenKrupp
already received one of the most prestigious pre-
certificates: At Expo Real, an international real
estate show, the German Sustainable Building
Council (DGNB) awarded the new Quarter a Pre-
certificate in Gold, just for the planning of the pro-
ject. This award represents the intention to present
the facility with the final Certificate in Gold after all
of the work has been completed, as long as the
required sustainability criteria set by the DGNB are
met, explains Gerhard Hoffmann, Managing Direc-
tor of the Institute for Applied Energy Simulation
and Facility Management (ifes). Commissioned by
ThyssenKrupp to audit the building, he has submitted
the results to the DGNB for inspection. In addition to
the ecological assessment, primarily the economic,
social and functional aspects are important here, such
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

as the entire costs for the project, the office amenities for the
employees and the many diverse uses for the building. This
covers all of the main concerns of an advanced concept of
sustainability, says Hoffmann.
Comfortable climate all around
The low primary energy consumption of the new Quarter
is especially noteworthy: The buildings use is lower than
that specified in the German Energy Saving Directive
(EnEV) of 2007 by 20 to 30 percent, thanks to good
heat recovery the energy contained in the exhaust
air is used to warm the fresh supply air. A sustain-
able energy and climate control design ensures
comfortable temperatures. Using geothermal
energy for cooling and pre-heating the sub-
floor heating in the atrium also saves resour-
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
Lots of certificates one goal
61
One number makes clear why it is especially important to
keep sustainability in mind when dealing with buildings: They
represent 40 percent of worldwide energy consumption. For
this reason, in the context of the discussion on climate, the
subject of sustainable buildings has gained a great deal of
significance, which has led the construction and real estate
industries to begin using a number of certification systems
for documenting compliance with sustainable principles in
building construction and operation. The certificate of the
German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB) is the first such
seal of approval developed in Germany. Other certification
systems include BREEAM (BRE Environmental Assessment
Method) in Great Britain and LEED (Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design) in the United States, among others.
The evaluation standards, however, are not consistent. For
example, the U.S. LEED sustainability standard evaluates
ecological aspects, but in contrast to the DGNB seal of
approval, it does not place a high value on economic and
socio-cultural components. For this reason, building owners
are well advised to find out in advance which seal of appro-
val documents which aspects. 7
ces and protects the environment, as does the use of construction
materials with a low content of harmful substances, effective sun pro-
tection and shading technology and a special water separation system
in which rainwater is collected on the roofs of the building on the cam-
pus, separated from contaminated water and then flows into the pond
in the Krupp Park.
Due to the multiple advantages and optimum implementation of su-
stainability criteria there was no question that we would be awarded the
Pre-certificate in Gold, says Hoffmann. The new ThyssenKrupp Quar-
ter is among only a few structures in Germany that have received this
seal of approval. And according to Hoffmann, this approval should not
be underestimated: In an international comparison, the DGNB certifi-
cate has a good reputation because it also explicitly takes the entire life
cycle of a building into consideration, including its possible dismantling
or demolition at a later date. 7
TEXT: JAN VOOSEN
 quarter_history
62

1819 | How it all started: Gussstahlfabrik Fried. Krupps newly built cast steel factory in Essen. The smaller building
is initially used as an overseers house, and subsequently as the residence of the Krupp family.

1861 | Rapid growth after 1850: one of

Gussstahlfabriks early administration buildings
with a clock tower
1800

1810

1820

1830

1840

1850
THE CITY WITHIN THE
It grew and flourished, declined and is now being rediscovered: the old factory premises of Krupps
Gussstahlfabrik in Essen. In the very spot where the new ThyssenKrupp Quarter is being built today,
company history has been written since as far back as 1818.

his is what lost cities should look like: Lush vegetation is skyscrapers and the town hall within eyeshot the premises were
overgrowing a vast area. Deserted streets and squares are almost completely derelict. It was obviously many decades since peo-
increasingly disappearing beneath wild-growing bushes. Cas- ple were engaged in activities, using the houses and riding the railroad
cades of ivy and Virginia creeper shroud parapets and walls. A tracks. However, the dimensions of the ruins revealed that an entire city
few isolated, weather-beaten brick buildings are still standing, once stood here: the Krupp Gussstahlfabrik factory city. For more
with no glass or broken windows. Elsewhere, foundations, than 100 years, right into the time after World War II, the history of the
T foundation walls and floors are all that can be seen of earlier
development. Slender birch trunks are growing between rusted railroad
tracks and supply pipes. Grasses and stalks are springing up out of the
cracks in the asphalt, rupturing the ground further all the time.
Anyone who wanted to visit the historic factory premises of the Krupp
Krupp firm was written here.

From a single nucleus

As is the case with every city, the rapid growth of Gussstahlfabrik begins
with a single nucleus: In 1818, young entrepreneur Friedrich Krupp and
firm in Essen in 2000 took on a journey into no-mans-land. Despite its two partners built a new cast steel plant in Altendorf, a municipality to
attractive location in direct proximity to downtown Essen with its the west of the city of Essen. Two years previously, they had succeeded

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June


1910 | An aerial photograph shows the prodigious spread of the Krupp plant. The new ThyssenKrupp Quarter will be situated right at the center of this shot.
1860
1870
1880
CITY
in producing high-quality cast steel for the first time. The new produc-
tion plant comprises a small number of half-timbered buildings. There
is also an overseers house, which the family later use as a residence
and which becomes known as the Krupps ancestral home. The area is
primarily rural. The small factory is surrounded by fields, and even
neighboring Essen the largest city in the Ruhr area conurbation in
2000 has a population of only 3,500 at this time.
Apart from the firms founder, Friedrich Krupp, his son Alfred, who takes
over management of the company after the death of his father in 1826,
turns out to be a particularly shrewd businessman. The small firm grows
rapidly, especially from the 1850s onward. In this period, several key
development stages for Krupp occur, like for example the invention of
the seamless train tire in 1853. The workforce in the Essen plant grows
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
63
1900
1890
1910
Around 1900 | A dwarf
among giants: the Krupp
ancestral home on
the factory premises
from 74 employees in 1848 to 30,000 employees shortly before the
turn of the century. The factory premises expand equally quickly. New
buildings are erected for administration and production, as is a dedicated
transport network with rail tracks and roads. The small ancestral home
disappears increasingly amid the constantly new and ever-larger
production plants. Between 1861 and 1873, the total area increases
twentyfold, from 18 to 360 hectares. Two years later, the roofed area
alone is as large as downtown Essen.
to a forest of chimneys
This is how Krupp evolves in the course of industrialization into a city
within the city incidentally, parallel to the city of Essen, which in turn
registers its 100,000th resident shortly before the turn of the century. In 3
 quarter_history
64
1920 | An industrial cathedral: Krupps machinery factory 9 on a contemporary painting by Otto Bollhagen
1920
1930
1940
1930 | The nerve center
of the corporation:
the headquarters in
Altendorfer Strasse
3 1889 Diedrich Baedeker publishes his impressions from a visit to the
factory in the book Alfred Krupp und die Entwicklung der Gussstahl-
fabrik zu Essen (Alfred Krupp and the Development of the Cast Steel
Factory in Essen): Just the forest of chimneys that send clouds of smoke
into the atmosphere incessantly, the water towers and other high-rise
plants [] tell us that we are dealing with a factory of amazing spatial
proportions and very unusual dimensions, a real factory city. Baedeker
also documents statistical information about the plant: He lists 44 kilo-
meters of regular-gauge and 29 kilometers of narrow-gauge industrial
railroad. He records 1,195 furnaces, 286 steam generators, 21 train
mills, 370 steam engines, 92 steam hammers, 361 cranes and 1,724
tooling machines for production. In addition, he wrote, there are 80
kilometers of telegraph lines and 140 kilometers of telephone lines, as
well as dedicated waterworks and a 64-man professional fire brigade.
1950
1960
1970
1950 | The impact
of the War:
ruins near the
Krupp headquarters
Unlike a city, however, the factory is not a public space. The factory city
separates Altendorf, which is incorporated into the metropolis in 1901,
from neighboring downtown Essen. Only two link roads, Frohnhauser
and Altendorfer Strasse, connect the two suburbs and can be used
by pedestrians, streetcars and cars surrounded by walls right and left.
There are not even any points of contact with the companys own
railroad network: It runs across several bridges that straddle the road.
Secretive life and activity
Although the factory is a dominant feature of the cityscape, the citizens
see the chimneys, breath the smoke and hear the sounds of production,
steam hammers and artillery, which last is not just produced here, but
is also tested directly on the factorys own firing range. However, what
happens behind the walls remains a mystery to non-Krupp people. As
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 65
Up to 2006, the
factory premises
are a blind spot
on the city map,
an impenetrable,
possibly a
forgotten place.

2010 | A vision becomes reality: The new Quarter is built.

2000
1980

1990

2010

2020

2030
Around 2006 | Sleeping
Beauty: The factory
premises look like a
vestige of a previous
civilization.

Diedrich Baedeker wrote, they can only discern the sound of the secre-
tive life and activity that is pulsating there behind the smoke-blackened
walls.
A kind of no-mans-land in the middle of an urban, heavily populated
area this is what the Krupp factory premises remains, even when it
has not been used for production for a long time. The two World Wars
deliver a changeable fate to the company, oscillating between growth
and losses, alterations and new buildings, civil and military produc-
tion. This last turns the company increasingly into a target for Allied
bombardments in World War II. After the War is over, approximately
one-third of the 1.5 million square meters of developed area is comple-
tely, another one-third partially destroyed. Many of the machines that
are still in working order are dismantled and shipped abroad as repara-
tion payments.
Although firms set up business on the old factory premises again in the
1950s, the majority of the area where the old cast steel factory once
stood remains idle since the end of World War II. The buildings that
remain are deserted. There are only a few interim occupations or new
building projects, primarily on the edges of the premises. Wild greenery
recaptures the area. People tend to stay away from the place. For many,
the factory premises are a blind spot on the city map, an impenetrable,
possibly a forgotten place. It was not until after the turn of the millenni-
um that the idea of a systematic new utilization of the area, the Krupp
Belt, reached the public ears. In 2006, ThyssenKrupp AG decides to
build the ThyssenKrupp Quarter here. The aim is that its campus
concept will turn the initially forbidden and subsequently forgotten city
into a new, public part of Essen. 7
TEXT: SARAH BAUTZ

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 projects_stadium
66
Lightweight structural elements
for ambitious architecture
With its domes, consisting of
many small triangles connected
through a filigree framework
construction, the Melbourne
Rectangular Stadium, which
was dedicated early in May
2010, imitates natures princi-
ples of construction. The Austra-
lian architects, Cox Architects
and Planners, based the outer
form of their design, which they
call bioframe, on the geometry
of the geodesic domes created
by the American architect,
Buckminster Fuller, in the
1940s. With Hoesch isowand
vario ThyssenKrupp supplied a
special steel sandwich element
that was used on approximately
25,000 square meters of
stadium roof surface and offers
first-class thermal insulation
characteristics and a low dead-
weight.
The lightweight sandwich con-
struction of the roof makes it
possible to protect the more
than 30,000 spectator seats
from wind and weather with half
the material usage that would
be required for a conventional
design with a so-called cantilever
roof. The low deadweight was
important as it enables spans of
up to 6 meters to be bridged
without supports. With all this
lightness good thermal insulati-
on characteristics were also
important to ensure the comfort
of spectators under the stadium
roof even in the hot Australian
summer temperatures. Thyssen
Krupp Steel Europe realized
the whisper white" shade tone
selected by the architects with
a high-quality PVDF coating
(polyvinylidene fluoride). The
plastic coating is 25 micro-
meters thick and with its high
chemical and thermal resistance
ensures that the surface will
remain impermeable to environ-
mental influences and sunlight
for years to come.
 projects_bridge
68
River crossing
in the balance
Suspended raft is the name
given to their design by
Arch&More, the architects of the
new bridge across the river
Ybbs. With the suspended
supporting framework, which
easily starts to move when used,
the bridge, erected in the middle
of a natural landscape in the
Lower Austrian Mostviertel
region, should reflect in its
design that which we sense
when walking over a bridge
the safe, enjoyable, and rejuve-
nating moment on the banks,
and the slightly uplifting mo-
ment when walking over the
bridge.
Two striking frames on the
banks of the river that are illumi-
nated at night form the gate to
the bridge for pedestrians and
cyclists. The 13-meter-high
passages of steel rest on steel-
reinforced concrete foundations
as big as houses and bear a
filigree lane, 3 meters in width,
hanging on cables, that spans
the river at a height of 16
meters. The bridge, with a span
of 92 meters, has a slender and
elegant look thanks to the use
of the Hoesch Additive Floor,
which is both lightweight and
capable of bearing heavy loads.
The innovative and particularly
resource-saving construction
system from the ThyssenKrupp
Group is primarily used in car
parks and multi-storey construc-
tion.
www.hoesch.at
 projects_news
70
Building with the essence of color
3 Colors evoke moods, the same way
that music evokes moods. This affinity is
expressed in the fact that we speak of
color tones, tone colors or also color
resonances. Retail uses this emotional
Color is light. Light is warmth. Warmth is energy.
Energy is life. Life is color.
Friedrich Ernst v. Garnier
influence of colors to increase shoppers
sense of well-being and propensity to buy,
and in many office buildings light color
tones ensure a work environment that
signals openness and promotes creativity.
As a pioneer and expert in this area, the
color designer Friedrich Ernst v. Garnier,
who founded this profession 40 years
ago, has even made many bleak prefabri-
cated high-rises in East Germany more
friendly through his designs. However
industrial facilities are his specialty. For
many years his colors have contributed to
improving the work atmosphere in
ThyssenKrupp plants they provide an
environment in which employees prefer to
work (and work better). Most recently v.
Garnier designed the color scheme of the
new steel rolling mill in Alabama. Here the
colors prevailing in the halls are red and
various blue tones. The most important
Blue, green, and brown
reflect the colors of sky and
earth and help even large-
volume industrial structures
such as production halls
to become harmonious in
appearance.
Friedrich Ernst v. Garnier
thing is to build with the essence of the
color, explains v. Garnier, who developed
the concept of organic chromaticity:
According to this concept, it is multi-tone
color tones, as in nature, rather than
monochrome surfaces that ensure our
well-being. Thus, for example, with
colored steel elements, even bulky
industrial structures can be gently integrat-
ed in their surroundings. Over the years
v. Garnier has designed approximately
20 collections of building chromaticity; he
has won the European Structural Steel
Design Award prize twice, and has been
awarded the German Facade Prize (Deut-
sche Fassadenpreis) and the Chinese
Luban 2004, the most prestigious
architecture prize for industrial structures
in China. 7
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 71

A lot of movement
in the desert
3 Where once there was only sand as far as the
eye could see, today some of the most exciting
urban development projects of our time are under-
way. Some of these, such as the eco-city Masdar in
Abu Dhabi, are still a vision, others, such as Lusail
City in Qatar, are near completion. The new coastal
town, Lusail, is currently rising from a desert area
in northeast Dohas, the capital of Qatar, that until
recently had not been extensively developed.
Approximately 200,000 people will live, work and
spend their vacation in the approximately 35-
square-kilometer area. As opposed to the artificial
island to the south, The Pearl, which has already
been completed, Lusail will be modeled from the
natural terrain of the coastal section; water expanses
and canals will involve ocean-front excavation.
The designers of the pre-planned city sought a
balanced accommodation of the most important MyZeil Frankfurt am Main: the highest escalator in a German shopping center
civic functions in line with demand. In addition to
administration, retail, leisure and educational
facilities, recreation areas, leisure harbors, and Multi-layer shopping experience
luxury hotels close to the water, predominantly
low-density residential areas are being developed 3 Since February 2009 the shop- funnel, the 47-meter-high system
in green areas. ThyssenKrupp supports mobility ping mile of the German financial takes visitors directly from the ground
in the planned city with a total of 124 conveyor center, Frankfurt am Main, boasts a floor to the fifth floor. Here the view
systems in four central parking facilities that are new shopping dimension: MyZeil, opens onto the Frankfurt skyline
connected to the citys Metro system. For each prototype of the latest interpretation and over the railing downward to
parking facility the company will deliver three of the urban shopping mall, even the bustling crisscross motion of a
panorama elevators and one elevator for the fire casts its spell on passers-by from the dozen escalators that transport the
department, 16 escalators and either nine or six outside. Like a black hole, a gigantic incessant flows of shoppers up and
moving walkways. 7 funnel opens in the glass facade and down. For the Palais Quartier con-
gives a clear view of the sky. The struction project, which in addition
breath-taking impression continues to MyZeil, consists of three other
inside: Here the glass funnel of the buildings, ThyssenKrupp Elevator
facade becomes the sky. The Italian supplied a total of 28 escalators, as
architect, Massimiliano Fuksas, has well as 48 elevators including the
created an unusual spatial experien- worlds 100th TWIN. Together with
ce with many multi-layer planes, seven conventional elevators and
exciting lines, and unusual perspec- the common destination selection
tives. ThyssenKrupp Elevator also control system, the TWIN, with its
made an important contribution to two cabins in one shaft, ensures
the design by manufacturing and that hotel guests get to their rooms
installing the highest escalator in a and suites in the 96-meter-high hotel
German shopping center: In the tower without wait times.7
Futuristic parking in Lusail City

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 projects_news
72
Historical structure with state-of-the-art
functionality in Dresdens Zeitenstrmung

a military barracks, with due consideration

Outside old, inside new
3 Work space, living space, experien-
ce space is the motto of the Zeiten-
strmung project in Dresden. The grea-
test meeting point for vintage auto fans,
and art and culture enthusiasts in
Saxony has been erected here on an
area of 60,000 square meters. On the site
of the former Strmungsmaschinen-
werke (VEB Fluid Machinery factory),
now services in all things involving the
automobile are offered, supplemented by
an extensive gastronomic and leisure
offering, the rehearsal stages of the Dres-
den Staatsschauspiel theater company,
as well as office space. ThyssenKrupp
Xervon directly participated in the
successful revival of the factory premises,
which for the most part had been idle
since 1995. The ThyssenKrupp subsidiary
was responsible for gutting and rebuilding
a three-floor building complex that was
erected at the end of the 19th century as
of the requirements for preserving histori-
cal monuments. Overall 400 square
meters of roof area, 300 square meters of
inner walls, and 400 meters of wood joist
ceilings had to be dismantled and dispos-
ed of. Only the outer shell, the massive
staircase core, and two cast-iron pillars
with brickwork arches, which were to
remain intact as the historical basic
structure of the building, remained. The
basis for the renovation was an execution
plan developed by Xervon engineers and
adapted to subsequent use as space for
an exclusive fitness studio, a company-
owned apartment, and office space.
Based on the approval planning, renova-
tion experts worked out the complete
detailed planning for the media routing,
heating, sanitary and electrical areas,
and organized the static calculation and
modernization measure. Work was com-
pleted after only six months of renovation
with the exterior charm of the past and
new interior values. 7
www.zeitenstroemung.de

Landscape in the middle

It cant get any greener of the metropolis:
Solaris Singapore
3 In Singapore, the business park of the future, is under construction. It is called Solaris, a building designed in the
words of the architects to bring the rejuvenating effect of natural light, natural ventilation, and a thriving flora and fauna
into the work environment. Fauna? Yes, its true. The objective is to allow a diverse plant world with all associated
microorganisms to freely develop on 8,000 square meters of contiguous green area. Landscape terraces, 3 meters in
width, wind upward in a spiral along the outer facade, around the two building complexes that are connected by a
large naturally ventilated atrium. Over a length of 1.5 kilometers these landscape terraces connect the ground-level
one-north Park with the roof gardens that have been constructed in a cascade design. But everything is greener
than usual inside as well: The building, which has been awarded the highest environmental seal of the city
of Singapore, will consume approximately 36 percent less energy than is consumed by a
comparable existing office building. Accordingly it was important that the 16 elevators
supplied by ThyssenKrupp also satisfy the rigorous environmental
requirements. Intelligent software switches the controller and cabin
lighting to energy-saving standby mode if the elevators are not used
for a specific period of time. 7

The most beautiful museum in the world
3 A gift to the citizens of Essen, wholly
in the style of Alfried Krupp, is how
Berthold Beitz, Chairman of the Board of
Trustees of the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen
und Halbach Foundation, referred to the
largest single project that the Krupp
Foundation has ever sponsored: the new
Museum Folkwang building in Essen.
The new construction was finished in just
23 months; it was erected based on the
design by David Chipperfield Architects,
Berlin/London, and financed by the Krupp
Foundation with 55 million euros, as sole
sponsor. In good time for the start of the
year, European Capital of Culture Ruhr.
2010, the museum opened its doors in
January 2010 resplendent in its new
design.
Chipperfields new construction supple-
ments the old building of 1960 that is
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
protected as a historical landmark, and
extends the museums exhibition space to
approximately 7,000 square meters. Light
rooms, clear paths, generous visual axes
in the new Museum Folkwang works of
the impressive collection come into their
own in clear rooms, rooms that invite not
only to an encounter with art but also
discussion and social exchange. The
Museum Folkwang with its social and
cultural ambitions will become an easily
accessible, public place in the city. The
architecture creates a tranquil background
for the collections. Light and openness
atmospherically dominate, but so does
concentration, is how Chipperfield
explains his design. The most beautiful
museum in the world is the name of the
first major exhibition in the new building;
for the first time in more than 70 years,
73
Encounter with clear space: the architect David
Chipperfield (left) and Dr. Berthold Beitz,
Chairman of the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen
und Halbach Foundation, in the new exhibition
hall of the Museum Folkwang
masterpieces of the Museum Folkwang
have been brought together again and
the spectacular collection from the period
prior to 1933 has been reconstructed. In
the 1920s and early 1930s the Museum
Folkwang was one of the worlds most
significant collections of modern and
contemporary art. Paul J. Sachs, co-
founder of the MoMa in New York, is said
to have called it the the most beautiful
museum in the world during a visit to
Essen in 1932. Chipperfield wanted to
make his contribution to the museums
return to at least its former fame: To
build a museum around a significant
collection encourages me to understand
architecture as a tool and not something
that satisfies itself, he said on the occa-
sion of the reopening of the museum. 7
www.museum-folkwang.de
 projects_steelworks
74
A NEW START
IN AMERICA
In 2010, ThyssenKrupp started work at both of
the new production sites in Brazil and the United
States. The steelworks in the Brazilian state of
Rio de Janeiro and the processing facility near
Mobile in the U.S. state of Alabama are creating
many new jobs and will strengthen Thyssen
Krupps position in important markets.
he largest private investment project in South America
and, for the time being, the largest private construction site in
the United States: These facts alone illustrate the dimensions of
both of these ThyssenKrupp projects in the Americas. By
building the steelworks in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro,
the company is now even closer to raw materials; constructing
T the highly advanced plant near Mobile (Alabama), with its
rolling and coating lines, strengthens the companys competitive
position in important markets.
A great deal of progress has been made at the site in Brazil. Production
start is planned for the third quarter of 2010. From here, five million tons
of steel per year will be delivered as high quality slabs to the new plant
in Alabama and to ThyssenKrupps German locations. There the steel
will be processed further. Up to 23,000 people were employed at any
given time at the Sepetiba Bay construction site. In the operation phase,
3,500 new jobs will be created, directly in steel production. In addition,
the plant will indirectly ensure about four times that many jobs in other
related industries. Moreover, ThyssenKrupp investments have resulted
in the establishment of training facilities. In this way, this socially deprived
region will profit substantially from industrialization.
Important links in the global supply chain
Crucial to the selection of this location were its logistical advantages: on
the one hand, direct access to the Atlantic Ocean and on the other, the
rail line that ends here, to be used for transporting iron ore. The ore de-
posits in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais are relatively close, ensuring
a high quality supply. Furthermore, good opportunities for recruiting
qualified personnel confirmed the selection of this site as the right
decision. In an area of 9 square kilometers, a coking plant, a sinter
plant, two blast furnaces, an oxygen steelworks with a continuous
casting plant, a power plant just for this facility and a harbor an
entire metallurgical works have been built where practically nothing
was located before. And soon this facility will take on an important role
in ThyssenKrupps global supply chain.
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 75

The largest investment project in South America: Starting in the fall of 2010, about five million tons of steel
per year will be produced at this location on Brazils Sepetiba Bay.

The same is also true for the new plant in Calvert near Mobile in This is good news for Alabama, where other global companies such as
Alabama: Here, starting in the third quarter of 2010, in the facilities Degussa, Ciba, Hyundai and Honda are also present. The governor of
constructed on green meadows, steel strips can be rolled from the Alabama, Bob Riley, was most impressed by the amount ThyssenKrupp
slabs from Brazil. To do this, a hot strip mill, a cold rolling mill and hot invests in the development of new products. That convinced all of us
dip coating lines are available here. Some of the hot rolled strips will be that the company establishing itself here will always be a leader in
processed further into flat stainless steel products. This processing will product development, said Riley. According to some researchers, the
take place either in specialized facilities at the same location or at the name Alabama, taken from an Indian language, means roughly, this is
ThyssenKrupp Mexinox stainless steel plant in San Luis Potos, Mexico. where I live. Thats also the case for ThyssenKrupp now. 7
The finished products will be delivered to buyers in the United States, TEXT: ALEXANDER SCHNEIDER
Canada and Mexico significantly strengthening ThyssenKrupps
position in the North American free trade zone, or NAFTA.
Advantages of the Mobile site included its location just a few kilometers
from the harbor at Mobile on the Gulf of Mexico and the fact that the
Mexican stainless steel plant can be reached easily from here. After the
slabs produced in Brazil have been transferred to smaller ships at
the facilitys own terminal in Mobiles deep-sea harbor they can
be transported by water on the Tombigbee River directly to the new
location.

Focus on product development

With this investment, ThyssenKrupp is providing an important stimulus
for the regional economy: The plant will directly create up to 2,700 new
jobs and four times that many additional jobs will be created indirectly
The Gulf of Mexico connects the new processing facility in Alabama with
in conjunction with suppliers, hotels, restaurants and many other
service providers. ThyssenKrupps global supply chain.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 perspectives_city of the future
76

MEGACITIES AND
SHRINKING CITIES
The future of humanity lies in cities. But what is the city of the future? How can space,
traffic, energy and the quality of living conditions be safeguarded and improved in growing
and shrinking cities?

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June


here is a video clip on YouTube that was filmed from a
moving car. For three minutes, decaying apartment blocks,
derelict single-family houses and unfinished buildings can be
seen. Only a few people inhabit the desolate setting, which is
reminiscent of pictures from civil war zones. However, what is
shown here is neither Grosny nor Baghdad, but Americas erst-
T while boomtown, Detroit. Where the production facilities of the
Big Three Chrysler, Ford and General Motors provided sustained
economic growth until as recently as the beginning of the 1950s, today
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
77
entire neighborhoods resemble the backdrop to an apocalyptic movie.
In fact, one-third of the total area of the city is waste ground. Approxi-
mately 4,000 buildings are standing empty, street signs are rusting,
and grass is growing on the sidewalks.
For city planners, Detroits stark decline in the wake of economic
problems and social tensions serves as a classic example of shrinking
cities. Of course, when cities shrink as a result of migration and popu-
lation decline, this does not always have such drastic consequences as
in the case of the once prospering Motor City. 3
 perspectives_city of the future
78 3 Nevertheless, the phenomenon is underestimated to a great
extent, not least because the focus of the urbanist debates of past
years was directed in particular at the growth of the megapolises.
However, whether in Russia or China, Belgium or Finland: Cities are
shrinking everywhere. Germany is no exception to this rule. In A
Manifesto for Sustainable Cities, authors Jeremy Gaines and
Stefan Jger wrote that there are municipalities in eastern
Germany that are so depopulated that the sewage systems there
have to be flushed through with drinking water once a week. The
best example of this is the Bauhaus city of Dessau, which has
shrunk more severely than almost any other German municipality
since German reunification. Entire districts appear to be deserted,
Wilhelminian-style facades are crumbling, and schools and busi-
nesses are unoccupied. Now the city fathers plan to develop the
Urban development
politics is peace politics
for the future.
most vigorous districts as what they call city islands between
strips of landscaped countryside. Only time will tell whether this
concept is viable. In any case, solutions are urgently required: As
early as 2020, every second administrative district in Germany will
be confronted with falling population figures.
Nevertheless, almost 380 square kilometers of countryside in this
country disappear underneath suburbs and roads every year. This
is a paradoxical situation, since the conditions for living on the
periphery will change fundamentally with the growing scarcity of
resources. Use the space available wisely this is the motto for
urban planning in the future. Europes metropolises cannot use
any more land for their development they already have enough
land at their disposal. It just has to be reclaimed, according to
Jeremy Gaines and Stefan Jger. Otherwise, they will not sur-
vive.
The urban development tightrope walk
An entirely different situation is apparent in many emerging coun-
tries. In China alone according to Greenpeace Magazine some
400 million people will move into cities by 2030, or to be more
precise: into more than 240 metropolises that do not even exist
yet.
According to the UN, more than 75 percent of the global population
will be living in metropolises in 2050. The gigantic conglomerate
cities, for which the UN coined the term metacities, raise com-
plex urbanist questions: How should increasingly more people live
in acceptable conditions while the size of the area remains
unchanged? What effects do different educational standards have
on social balance? How can economic stability and high environ-
mental quality be achieved? But particularly: How can we avoid a
situation where cities devour resources unchecked and live at the
expense of the surrounding hinterland?
In his essay entitled The Chaos Planet, Klaus Tpfer, former
Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP), speaks of the three pillars of a sustainable urban develop-
ment: economic and social stability along with ecological sustain-
ability. Urban development policy, which creates and maintains
the city function, is . also a peace policy for the future, Tpfer
writes. If it does not enable work, development, social balance
and economic stability, our planet will not develop peacefully.
Although the megacities are becoming increasingly similar in their
appearance experts speak of a globalization of urban structures
each of them is nonetheless a unique cosmos with distinctive
natural and cultural conditions. Concepts that work in Mexico City

Book recommendations on the topic

Jeremy Gaines and Stefan Jger: Albert
Speer & Partner. A Manifesto for
Sustainable Cities: Think Global, Act
Local. Prestel. In an era of global warm-
ing, the evolution of resource-efficient
urban development is growing in impor-
tance. Taking the projects of architects
firm Albert Speer & Partner as a starting
point, authors Jeremy Gaines and Stefan
Jger formulate a pioneering concept
for environmentally sustainable urban
development.
Wiederkehr der Landschaft/Return of
Landscape. This book, which was pub-
lished in conjunction with an exhibition in
the Berlin Academy of Arts, focuses
on Las Vegas and Venice two highly
different cities that tell a story of clever
use of the countryside and arrogant
conquest, of forward-looking and failed
strategies of urban development. Promi-
nent authors list possibilities for develop-
ing the city of the 21st century from the
countryside.
The Endless City. The Urban Age Project
by the London School of Economics
and Deutsche Banks Alfred Herrhausen
Society. Phaidon. The Endless City
presents the research results of the
Urban Age Project, a study instigated
by the London School of Economics
and Deutsche Banks Alfred Herrhausen
Society. This 500-page tome provides
a sound overview of the current state of
traditional urban development policy.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June


cannot be applied automatically to Jakarta and vice versa. Most
likely, we wont be able to come to grips with the hypercities of the
21st century using central planning anyway. Klaus Tpfer is
convinced that village functions will evolve within the megacities.
Conversely, according to Tpfer, who is also the founding director
of the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies in Potsdam,
urban functions must be performed in rural areas, if we are to
succeed in slowing down the influx of people from rural regions into
the city. Meantime, this influx is continuing unabated. Year after
year, millions of people pour into the turbocities of Asia and Africa
in the hope of a better life.
Agriculture in the city
The only solution for the high-speed urbanism triggered by
migration movements and population expansion is concentration.
It is the only way to shorten (goods) routes, conserve resources
and save energy. However, there are limits to building upward.
Albert Speer Jr. considers buildings that are more than 400 meters
high to be uneconomical and superfluous, as he commented in
an interview about the prestigious pursuit of continuously achiev-
ing new record heights. The renowned architect, who maintains
offices in Frankfurt am Main and Shanghai with his partners, is
much more interested in the topic of sustainability. Behind the
admittedly imprecise term lies the necessity to boost the self-regen-
eration ability of megacities, because the abuse of the country-
side as a disposable entity for booming urban development has
spawned environmental problems of considerable proportion in the
past global warming, water shortages, lack of food and loss of
species have been sad but true facts for some time. The cities of
tomorrow can no longer make their mark at the expense of the
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
79
countryside, but have to be developed from the countryside. Their
future sustainability depends to a large extent on whether fertile
land in the surrounding area can be protected from building devel-
opment. The United Nations Development Program has been
calling for urban agriculture since as far back as the mid-1990s.
But can some of our food production really be relocated to the
metropolis with the exception of existing models like the Com-
munity Gardens in Chicago or the idyllic green courtyards in
Berlins Kreuzberg district? If Belgian architect Vincent Callebaut
has his way, agriculture will soon be moving into the skyscrapers.
Dragonfly is the visionarys name for the project he developed
for New York City at the southern tip of Roosevelt Island. His met-
abolic farm propagates a return to traditional agriculture in a
futuristic environment.
Adjoining the two towers that resemble launch pads where people
are to live and work will be two gigantic wings housing the agri-
cultural areas. Animals will be kept on two levels, one above the
other, to ensure a supply of meat, milk and eggs for the residents.
There will even be farmland paddy fields and orchards. Wind
turbines will generate the necessary energy, while high-tech ex-
terior shells will provide climate control. Callebaut has designed his
green giant as a self-sufficient system: a living organism in which
not even the smallest crumb of humus is wasted, but is fed into the
eternal cycle of nature. The residents of Dragonfly will produce their
own water; their waste is biodegradable. Maybe, one day, they will
swap their experiences as Big Apple farmers with the people of
Lilypad, the swimming city that Callebaut designed as a possible
answer to the looming sea-level rise. Incidentally, pictures of it can
be seen on YouTube. 7
TEXT: MARGIT UBER | ILLUSTRATIONS: MARIO WAGNER
 perspectives_living environment
80
The adult education center in
Essen at the Burgplatz square is
illuminated at night in powerful
colors that brighten up the
downtown area. I really like this
picture because the building
is rather compact and doesnt
attract attention during the day.
Then its practically just a glass
cube; thats what it looks like.
You see its real face only at
night: Then its lit up in colorful
rainbow colors against the sky
and draws attention to itself with
its colorful play of lights.
C Franziska Sieg

HOW DO KIDS SEE THEIR C

SURROUNDINGS?
What do young people notice in their cities? And how do they perceive and evaluate their citys architecture?
ThyssenKrupp Magazine asked students in the ninth grade at the Essen-Werden high school to take
pictures of their surroundings and then to comment on their photos.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 81

At first glance, the Essen trade fair center looks like a ship.
With its clear lines and unique shape and architecture,
it certainly stands out in the cityscape.
C Ante Schlesselmann

I am very impressed by the House of Technology across from

the main Essen train station, primarily because of its dome-
shaped passageway. Its architecture makes it seem modern,
but at the same time, the clay bricks give it an older appear-
ance. I could look at it for hours, I find it so interesting.
C Annika Albertz

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 perspectives_living environment
82
This is what the steeple of the Protestant Church in Werden looks like
when you look at it from our classroom window. I also really like the view of
the tower of the Beatae Mariae Virginis Gymnasium.
C Mirjam Otten

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 83

Essen on the move. The downtown area is also undergoing expansion right
now but is the expansion problematic? New shopping centers are reshaping the
city center, causing the small shops in the side streets (top) to be forgotten. Essen
is making the impossible possible new streets and paths are being built (bottom).
When they are completed, they will likely fulfill their purpose and reduce traffic on
the streets but at the moment, exactly the opposite is true.
C Lea Sophie Lange

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 perspectives_mobility
84

Is nothing moving here at all? Even as a Blade Runner,

Harrison Ford has to battle with congestion. But thanks to
precision technology, at least he can rise up at the touch
of a button and fly over such obstacles in the Los Angeles
of the future.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 85

GETTING AROUND IN
2050
In the city of the future, we will walk and cycle more because, according to transportation experts, we have to
break away from our reliance on the automobile to make cities more livable.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 perspectives_mobility
86
The city of the future will be tailored to the needs of people
and not to those of cars.
rees line a broad street on which numerous people
are out and about on their bicycles or on foot. Here, in the
center of the metropolis, we can hear birds twittering loud-
ly and children making a cheerful din. Electrically powered
buses and trolleys whiz past quietly. Traffic is moving in the
lane for electric cars too. It is 8:30 in the morning on a
T sunny spring day in the year 2050 many commuters
have taken their bicycle onto the trolley with them, but for most
people, the journey to their workplace is not far anyway, as they live
close to the city center.
Become creative and have a rethink
In the city of the future, people will be able to carry out most
errands on foot, says Jeff Kenworthy, Professor in Sustainable
Cities at Curtin University in Perth. Moreover, according to the
Australian mobility experts vision of the future, they will enjoy
living in the metropolis, as it will offer them a green and livable
environment: The city center and its side-streets are car-free and
broad pedestrian and cycle paths have been built everywhere.
Now this is a real metropolis: The entire planet of Coruscant in
Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith is one single
macropolis. The best way to get around the skyscraper canyons
in this giant city is to drive elegant gliders.
Every unused area of land is allocated to agriculture. Because food
production is close to the city, haulage distances are shorter. The
city of the future will be tailored to the needs of people and not to
those of cars, according to Kenworthys forecast. He is carrying
out international comparative studies to examine how much cities
depend on the automobile.
The scientist is fully aware that his vision of the future is extremely
optimistic, because the reality looks completely different at the
moment. In almost all international metropolises, innumerable
commuters cause kilometer-long tailbacks, noise and air pollution
every day. Many megacities in Asia and South America are almost
at gridlock point. Some inhabitants of Mexico City need to travel up
to three hours a day just to get to their workplace. Businesspeople
in Brazils So Paulo circumvent the traffic chaos by flying to their
appointments by helicopter taxi. In Asian metropolises, a confused
mix of bicycles, rickshaws, mopeds and increasingly more cars
causes chaos on a daily basis. And in the metropolises of Europe
and the United States too, it is almost impossible to get through
at all in many places. The roads are reaching the limit of their
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

The dream of freedom: In Star Wars IV A New Hope, Luke Skywalker can explore his surroundings in a landspeeder.
Traffic problems are unknown on the desert planet of Tatooine.
capacity, CO 2 emissions are substantial and the consequences
extensive air pollution and looming climate change are alarming.
There are no prospects for a speedy improvement to this situation,
as traffic density in emerging countries will actually multiply in the
future.
Yet Jeff Kenworthy says he is confident. We cannot deal with
problems like this in one week, but we can try to steer the system
in another direction, is the scientists conviction. The automobile
has been conceded increasingly more importance since World War
II. Now we have to become creative and have a rethink.
What will succeed the automobile?
Kenworthy is not alone in this opinion. Traffic experts worldwide are
advocating a reduction in our dependence on automotive mobility,
which could be greatly curtailed very soon anyway because of
rising oil prices. Many things indicate that we are heading for the
final stretch in our oil production, at the end of which we will have
to think about what we want to drive in the future, says Michael
Schreckenberg, Professor of Physics for Transportation and Traffic
at the University of Duisburg-Essen.
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
87
Wherever possible, public transport should replace the automobile.
However, we have a long way to go before we can reach this goal.
The public transport systems in cities like Paris or New York are
already bursting at the seams too. Crammed buses and trains, a
lack of comfort and in many places long headways and poor
connections make many people worldwide prefer to get in line in
the daily tailback. Therefore Kenworthy demands: Local public
transport has to become more attractive.
However, many metropolises lack the money to develop their
infrastructure. In emerging countries, the problems are frequently
home-made: In some megacities like Bangkok, for instance, there
is virtually no traffic planning at all. Construction is simply carried
out according to the plans of those who own the most land or have
the most money, according to Kenworthy. On the other hand, in
many metropolises in Europe or the United States, the proponents
of automotive mobility still have too strong a lobby to expedite
change seriously, Kenworthy believes.
There are positive signals too, however: The metro system in the
Brazilian megacity of So Paulo is one of the most modern in the
world. The public authorities will have invested a further 20 billion 3
 perspectives_mobility
88
In fact, nothing much will change in the daily traffic madness in the future either, that is what Luc Besson assumes in The Fifth Element
and he portrays cars hovering through the streets on all levels in the movie, with the accompanying chaotic drivers.
3 real (around 8.5 billion) over the four years until the end of 2010
to develop the public transport system. The underground
system in the South Korean city of Seoul is also exemplary the
metro there has the best energy efficiency worldwide.
In the year 2050 most public transport systems will probably run
on electricity. Furthermore, the majority of traffic experts are
Just getting into the car and driving off without thinking
about it will probably not be possible any more.
convinced that they will offer their passengers a higher level of
comfort. In the year 2050, public transport will no longer be what
it is today, says Manfred Boltze, for example, too. He is Professor
of Transportation Planning and Traffic Engineering at Darmstadt
University of Technology. It will be far more comfortable and
adapted to peoples needs. Information technologies in particular
would help to simplify ticketing and increase the flow of information,
he says. If I travel by train or by bus in the year 2050, this will be
automatically recorded by my mobile phone, is Boltzes vision of
the future. And at the end of the month, my travel costs will be
automatically debited from my account. Moreover, the different
means of transport will be significantly better networked and
easier to combine intelligently,
says the scientist.
Mobility on two wheels
On the other hand, we will have
to be prepared for restrictions in
personal motorized transporta-
tion: The mobility of the future will depend on our technological
capabilities, says Michael Schreckenberg. Because of the rela-
tively small travel range of electric cars, we may no longer have the
unlimited mobility that we know today in the year 2050. We will
have to plan better than we do today. Just getting into the car and
driving off without thinking about it will probably not be possible
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 89

Beam me up, Scotty! a legendary sentence from

movie history that encapsulates the uncomplicated
transporter procedure on the Starship Enterprise
(even if it was never said in exactly these words). Just
press a button, and youre there. However, commuters
can only dream of this kind of solution for the present.

several years ago for cyclists. Some 37 percent of commuters in

the Danish capital travel to work by bicycle. To reach a share of
50 percent by the year 2015 this is the city councils declared
objective the equivalent of up to EUR 13 million will be invested
in new cycle paths and cycle lanes every year. In Paris, rental
cycles have become a popular mode of transport within a very
short space of time: For the past two years, 20,000 rental cycles
have been in use in the metropolis on the Seine, increasing bicycle
traffic in the city by 50 percent.
Thus the motto of city traffic in the year 2050 could be Back to the
Future: We will be getting around more on foot and by bicycle and
(hopefully) using better public transport services. In Saudi Arabia,
this development is being rephrased a little differently: My father
used to ride a camel. I ride in a car, my son will fly in an airplane,
his son will ride on a camel, according to native lore there.
No reason to panic, in Jeff Kenworthys opinion: People will only
profit from a more livable environment in our cities. 7
TEXT: CHRISTINA HHN

any more unless by then there are batteries with short charge
times with which we can drive for 400 kilometers.
In addition, setting aside space for the numerous recharge points
required is difficult, he says. In Berlin, more than 90 percent of all
cars have no home; that means, they are parked on the street and
not in a garage or on a premises.
Everyone also agrees that the good old trusty pushbike will see
a real renaissance in the future. Even today, numerous govern-
ments are striving to make their cities more cycle- and pedestrian-
friendly. In New York, several streets have already been removed
to make way for cycle paths. In the long term, the city plans to
build a 3,000-kilometer-long network of cycle paths. The aim is to
become Americas most environmentally friendly city.
But other American cities are following suit too: There are already
heated parking garages for bicycles in Chicago which additionally
offer cyclists shower facilities and repair shops.
In Europe, too, the bicycle is now playing a bigger role in mobility
concepts than it did only a few years ago. In Copenhagen, for
instance, a progressive signal system was already introduced
Mobility in visions of the future
How we travel tomorrow has always been a central
theme of science fiction movies, starting with the classic
silent movie Metropolis: In this movie, roadways
on many levels already define the cityscape, while air-
planes rush through the skyscraper canyons. For direc-
tor Fritz Lang, modernity is expressed among other
things simply in a type of mobility which is as compre-
hensive as possible. Little has changed in this up to
the present day. Vehicles that also fly are particularly
popular, like those in Blade Runner or The Fifth
Element. The aim of unlimited mobility in all dimensions
is then perfected in the flying machines of the Star Wars
heroes, for example. And for very long trips, science
fiction filmmakers immediately dream of beaming,
thus solving mobility problems in an elegant way. 7

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

perspectives_essay
REAL AND VIRTUAL
SPACES
Global networking and digitization
mean encounters between people are
increasingly shifting from the physical
to the virtual world. Our feeling for time
and space changes through the Inter-
net, smart phones, navigation systems,
and other devices. Yet the desire for real
encounters remains.
Space used to be tangible. What was close
was something nearby. Thats at least
what we used to think. Global networks
have changed our understanding of proxi-
mity. In the age of globalization and the In-
ternet, things that are actually far away can
be close by and at the same time, things
that should actually be nearby can be far
away. Within only a short period, the digi-
tization of our world has once again com-
pletely changed our experience of space
and time.
The world already felt smaller through
cars, planes, telephones and television.
The Internet has sped up this process
exponentially. These days everybody can
be present in different places simulta-
neously. As a result, the rest of the world
has gotten smaller, and the meaning of
concepts such as closeness and neighbor-
hood has changed. Proximity is defined
differently today: How many clicks do I
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

need to get from my homepage to a
friends homepage, and how many friends
or connections separate us?
Chat rooms replace conversations in cafes,
team meetings are held using videoconfe-
rence technology, and instead of going
shopping together we visit one of the many
Internet sites where almost everything can
be bought. People work online from home
or from some other place on the planet, the
living environment of your daughters new
boyfriend is examined using Google Street-
view, and no-one needs a sense of direc-
tion to navigate the urban jungle anymore
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
thanks to navigation systems. Is the space
of the future virtual? And if yes, what does
that mean for our understanding of the
world and feeling of local identity and for
the quality of our relationships?
Questions about the influence of the Inter-
net on our ability to feel connected to local
regions and to develop social relationships
are often answered pessimistically. Were
often warned that communicating over the
Internet leads to superficial social relation-
ships between people, possibly even to
isolation and uprooting.
In reality, these new electronic communi-
cation possibilities, which have been devel-
oped since the mid-1980s, should not iso-
late people but rather bring them together.
The Virtual Community Homesteading
on the Electronic Frontier is the name of
the book with which the American Howard
Rheingold globally circulated this idea in
1993. Virtual communities are social
aggregations that emerge from the Net
when enough people carry on those public
discussions long enough, with sufficient
human feeling, to form webs of personal
relationships in cyberspace, is how Rhein-
gold defines a virtual community, which
we call today online-, net-, cyber-, or
e-community.
New relationship patterns
There is a definite trend away from groups
and toward a network-based society. And
of course social relationships are changing
as a result. Today, personal bonds are creat-
ed increasingly through shared interests.
In hundreds and thousands of Internet
forums targeted to specific groups, these
shared interests are bringing people from
different continents together people who
would have never have known of each
others existence if it were not for the Inter-
net.
91
Yet just because groups are no longer form-
ed primarily in neighborhoods or within a
village social communities are not becom-
ing obsolete in the Internet age. Instead,
a change is taking place in the direction
of communities that orient themselves to-
ward common interests.
Virtual parallel universes
In addition to the real world, more and
more virtual parallel universes exist today
that have their own practices and relation-
ship forms. In social Internet networks like
Facebook for instance the term friend
should be placed in quotation marks here
anyone is a friend, unless they are explicit-
ly not one. Thats also part of the attrac-
tion: The potential for new friendships is al-
most beyond belief. There are more than
150 million people registered around the
world on Facebook, and half of them are
purportedly reachable daily in this virtual
space.
Yet the desire for real encounters remains.
People quickly move from the virtual world
to real life when they feel they have met a
real soul mate in one of these social net-
works, or at the very latest when they fall
in love with someone in a chat room.
Relationships between people can only
become real and capable of developing
through physical contact. That is why large
communal spaces in cities will certainly
continue to play an important role as well
stadiums and concert halls just as much as
community events like skate nights, mara-
thons and theater performances. And of
course joint undertakings with real friends
without quotation marks. 7
TEXT: ANKE BRYSON |
ILLUSTRATION: MARIO WAGNER
 perspectives_insights
92

APP CITY
When youre out and about in a new city you need to find your bearings, recognize safety risks, plan
efficient routes and give yourself up to leisure activities. Web 2.0, navigation systems and other
applications like Augmented Reality can help you do this. But how does Augmented Reality alter how
we perceive new spaces?

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 93

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 perspectives_insights
94
Augmented Reality
applications for business
travelers
Layar | www.layar.com
When users photograph their surroundings, Layar
crossfades the visual with a slide containing
relevant information about it. The user decides
whether he wants architectural information or
directions to the new bank. Web 2.0 experts can
even create slides themselves.
Aloqa | www.aloqa.com
Aloqa provides all the information you need about
evening events, dining, parties and shopping,
basically everything to do with leisure.
Dopplr | www.dopplr.com
With just a few clicks, Dopplr allows you to see
the whereabouts of your friends and colleagues.
Especially frequent travelers can check if an old
friend is sitting in the next compartment just by
coincidence.
Wikitude | www.wikitude.org
The World Browser makes it possible to retrieve
information from Wikipedia and diverse Web 2.0
applications and display it on your cameras visuals
and maps.
tagwhat | www.tagwhat.com
The user tags selected locations and makes them
available to other tagwhat users.
Mobeedo | www.mobeedo.com
Mobeedo provides a whole range of local infor-
mation, from the best shopping spots to historical
information and selected map sections.
Ubique
The program projects a transparent map onto the
display. Information from Wikipedia, Panpramio and
OpenStreetMap can be accessed.
t is almost frightening how easy it is to visually conjure an
unknown city whether Caracas, Tokyo or Beijing on the
screen of a computer or smart phone. Taking a city tour via
Google Streetview or searching for contacts through web-
based social networks like Facebook or Xing, while applications
like Aloqa recommend restaurants, bars and discos (as well as
I other services) based on your individual preferences. Dopplr
even lets you check whether someone you are meeting has already
arrived, or is perhaps even sitting on the same train as you.
Web 2.0 is responsible for this revolution, which conquers new
space in a completely new way. Behind this buzzword, an entire
smorgasbord of small programs and platforms exists that enables
Internet users to exchange information with other users, upload
information to the net by themselves and retrieve individually
selected information from the Internet with only one or two mouse
clicks. An especially fascinating part of Web 2.0 is Augmented
Reality (AR). Small programs are able to determine the exact
position of the user and the direction he or she is facing via trian-
gulation over three cell phone towers, and provide the smart phone
with additional information about the users surroundings in real
time. Reality is thus illustrated, explained and interpreted with
information drawn from the web, from places like Wikipedia or
Google.
These tiny programs are clearly practical when arriving in a new
city, for example, or encountering new spaces in general. There is
no need to struggle with the city map to answer the question:
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

Forerunner Japan
In many countries in Asia, Augmented Reality is a
well-known phenomenon. Have no fear if youre out and
about in Japan. Even in the tiniest mountain village,
youll likely come across a tourism pamphlet that has
been lying around for years which is full of black-and-
white block patterns CR codes. These are Internet
addresses in code. All you have to do is place your
handset in front of them. Having been processed
through mobile tagging software, all the information
and maps will appear as websites on your display. 7
Where is the hotel? All it takes is a light click on your cell phones
navigation program for the handset to start spitting out the exact
directions. With a swirl of your finger, modern smart phones can
answer the question What building is that? as long as they are
equipped with GPS, a camera, and a compass. Layar and Wikitude,
small browsers for cell phones, provide additional information in
real time about images captured by the handsets camera. With a
quick tap on the display, categories like historical background to
nearby buildings or bar recommendations are superimposed on
the image.
In the not so distant future, it might even be possible for all these
functions to be integrated directly into a persons field of vision
using glasses. Even the faces of strangers could be identified using
information from social networking databases like Facebook and
also automatically superimpose personal information.
Comfort versus perception?
This all sounds useful but how does this flood of information
impact how we perceive things? Retrieving information from the
web means forgoing chance and other situations that cannot be
planned, like wandering aimlessly through a foreign city or chance
acquaintanceships. Does Augmented Reality really expand the
horizon or do geo-applications lessen peoples feel for space and
bearings? For Ansgar Bittermann, a Munich-based psychologist
and perception researcher, this does not quite hit the mark: Most
of the time, technical advancements do not complement already
existing capabilities, but replace them over the long term. Own ex-
periences are possibly lost, but the world is made smaller. The new
applications make it easier for people to have mental journeys.
Also, the effects are not the same for each and every user, accor-
ding to Bittermann. How they affect the individual user depends
on many factors and personality type. The applications give
introverted people the security they need to enjoy the new space in
peace. For them, Augmented Reality applications are often the key
to enjoyment. Extroverted people have a higher threshold. They
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
95
need more input and view the identical applications as adventure
destroyers. Professor Dr. Heinrich Blthoff from the Max Planck
Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tbingen believes that the
programmers of such programs have a certain responsibility: Web
2.0 and its applications are like a swimming pool for people who
cant swim. You can drown in there, but you can also learn how to
swim. It has to do with making intelligent information available and
using this information intelligently. We need a whole new generati-
on of developers who can format the data based on cognitive
research findings and for example integrate a map so that the
user does not lose sight of the whole picture when bombarded with
all the instructions. Overall Professor Blthoff argues that people
should not get so worked up when it comes to new media. At the
end of the day, you dont travel any differently with the new appli-
cations than you would with a travel book. The traveler accesses
the same information, its just easier to get and probably more
up-to-date.
Training strangeness
If you ask Ansgar Bittermann, it is people who are the decisive
factor when encountering a new city. The psychologist has devel-
oped a series of online and cellular phone trainings (www.global-
emotion.de) that enables participants to learn not only how people
from different cultures express themselves, but also to better reco-
gnize their emotions. The goal is clear: People are unsettled when
they come into contact with foreign-looking faces, and nothing
good comes out of people feeling uncertain. Our program triggers
positive expectations. We take the strangeness out of strangers,
i.e. potential enemies. People stop viewing foreigners as one
homogenous group. It is only when a person can view a Chinese
person as an individual and not as a group that it becomes possi-
ble to become part of this environment. We give China a face, if you
like. That alone makes many people change their behavior. That
indeed would be an augmented reality. 7
TEXT: FRANOISE HAUSER
 perspectives_interview
96

FASCINATING
STRUCTURES
An interview with entomologist Bert Hlldobler about ants eco-housing
and air-conditioning systems, the disadvantages of hierarchical organizations,
and discrimination among insects and humans.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 Bert Hlldobler is one of the worlds
great researchers on experimental
behavioral psychology and social
biology. His work on social insects,
especially ants, brought to light
new understanding about animals
chemical communications systems
and sense of orientation, the dynamic
of social structures as well as the
evolution of animal communities.
Since 2004, when he was conferred
emeritus status, Hlldobler has taught
at Arizona State University in Tempe
near Phoenix, Arizona, where he was
one of the founding members of the
Center for Social Dynamics and
Complexity. Together with Edward
O. Wilson, he won a Pulitzer Prize
in1991 for The Ants. The two wrote
a second book in 2008, The Super-
organism: The Beauty, Elegance, and
Strangeness of Insect Societies.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 perspectives_interview
98
Professor Hlldobler, are ants the architects of the animal king-
dom?
I dont think the word architect is quite right. But many species of ants
and termites build quite amazing structures. The most complex struc-
tures that we know of are those built by Atta leafcutter ants. These are
enormous subterranean creations, descending up to eight meters
Similarly to the way we can identify buildings based on their style,
different species of ants can be identified by their nests.
below the earth and taking up a space of 50 square meters. Their
tunnels, which can be up to 90 meters long, lead directly from their
building to their feeding areas. That is truly fascinating. But we are far
from understanding everything about the building projects in the animal
world. Were completely in the dark about how ants manage to build
perfectly straight tunnels below ground. Were just beginning to
research this.
Do the nests of certain ant species always look the same?
The nests of certain species are at least so similar that nest specialists
among entomologists can deter-
mine which species of ant has
built the nest simply by looking at
it. Thats one of the things that
biologists find so fascinating
about ants. When we describe dif-
ferent species, we usually look at distinctive features on the body for in-
stance. But here we can say simply by looking at the product, what sort
of animal built it similarly to the way we can determine when man-
made buildings were constructed based on their style. Whereas diffe-
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
 99

rences in our creations are culturally determined, ants have always tried
as much as they can to adapt their constructions to their habitat.
Can you give an example of how ants adapt to their habitat?
In Europe Formica ants have built these wonderfully large architectural
marvels in hills. These are sophisticated constructions reaching more
than 2 meters high. We only see the hill. But when you get to open such
a nest after strong rains, you realize that the rain has only penetrated a
few centimeters. That means that the tiny twigs and needles have been
combined together to form a real shelter. The nests are truly insulated.
entire colony moves there. The quorum, meaning the mass, decides.
We still dont understand everything about these sorts of decision-
making processes in the ant world.
Are there other examples that show how ants or other social
insects have found solutions to problems that also concern us?
Tons. We recently held a joint symposium, in which designers, architects
and computer specialists among others participated. The architects are
interested in how termites manage to build especially robust walls that

Why?
Highly developed societies do not work
This is how ants can keep their nests warm after the winter break, when
it is still relatively chilly outside. Warm-blooded animals have to burn
in hierarchies.
fatty tissue to create warmth, which remains relatively constant thanks
to the good insulation formed by hills. This technique which basically are also air permeable. An airline spokesperson described how his
is the same as a well-insulated eco-house devised in its own way by na- company learnt how to organize luggage transport at airports from ants,
ture makes it possible for hill-building ants to settle almost anywhere based on how they transport their food from hundreds of different
in the world up to the polar circle. directions to the center. The way ants search for food provided the
model for a company in north Italy to reorganize its transportation
What other feats of construction by ants fascinate you the most? vehicles so that they deliver goods using the most favorable routes.
Another example is the air-conditioning system developed by Atta leaf- Telephone companies in the UK and Frankfurt can process telephone
cutter ants. For around 12 million years, these ants have lived in har- connections more quickly by depositing so-called virtual chemical
mony with fungi and other microorganisms. The mushrooms, which are signals in network switchboards in the exact same way that ants using
literally cultivated by the ants, produce a great deal of carbon dioxide real chemical signals do in order to direct other ants to the best and
deep down in the nest and this must be released. That can only shortest paths, for example, to their feeding ground.
happen thanks to the nests architecture, which allows for the carbon di-
oxide to stream out while the warm air and cold air sink in. We still dont Is the interconnected work of ants a model that we should follow?
know how this really works. One aspect is probably the wastage One of our findings is that highly developed societies do not work in
compartments for mushroom waste in the nest: Since these are a few hierarchies; only primitive social systems organize themselves in this
degrees warmer they clearly drive the warm air upwards. way and these colonies do not grow strongly, are not very efficient.
The highly developed social systems of ants in contrast operate like 3
Are fixed abodes a prerequisite for socially highly organized life to
develop at all?
Highly developed social systems tend to have relatively complex nest
structures. But it isnt always the case. Army ants in Africa and South
America dont have any sort of fixed nests whatsoever. Instead they
form bivouacs with their bodies, usually in hollow trees they are
specialized nomadic hunters and are socially highly developed at the
same time.

How do ants decide whether and where they should move?

Ants decisions are dictated by external factors. There are species with
small colonies of perhaps only 100 ants living in hollow oak trees. But
these nests are destroyed relatively quickly then the ants have to
move. A sophisticated process then ensues that is uncannily like our
own manner of collectively making decisions: the so-called quorum
sensing. The ants send out scouts to explore different locations. When
a certain critical number of scouts collect in a potential nest, the

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 perspectives_interview
100
3 networks or clusters. Some economists are surprised that nature
millions of years ago managed to turn the idea of a cluster into reality,
forming clusters that are network driven and not controlled by one
directive force. But we shouldnt view ants as a role model for ever-
ything in our world as a social biologist there are also bitter truths that
Ive drawn from my research.
Which ones?
Whenever you find highly developed social systems in nature that
display within their communities a great willingness to cooperate, youll
also find high levels of discrimination and the exclusion of other
communities of the same species. Simply because it is no longer
individuals but communities that are competing for limited resources.
Such a system, in which the community is everything and the individu-
al doesnt count, is not one we should strive toward.
Is there also a biological dimension to discrimination among
humans?
I believe that the tendency still slumbers within us, something passed
down to us from prehistoric humans. For them, discriminating against
members of other communities had to do with survival. We must
recognize that and learn how to deal with this evolutionary legacy. To
paraphrase the philosopher David Hume: What is doesnt dictate what
ought to be. We are social beings, primates. But our communities are,
Ants decision-making processes are
uncannily like our own.
compared with those of ants, unbelievably primitive. Its our cultural
achievements that make us complex. Ethics and morals need no justi-
fication from a biological evolutionary perspective. In fact, moral philo-
sophy needs to try to overcome this legacy. We should try to celebrate
the diversity of life and people from the time were children onward. 7
THE INTERVIEW WAS CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER SCHNEIDER.
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
puzzle
101
Five questions five solutions five prizes
From spectacular large buildings and symbols of power to This word is our solution word. Please send us an e-mail with the
subways, water lines, and sewers: The basic human need to have a solution word to
good roof overhead is expressed in completely different facets. We thyssenkrupp_magazin@faz-institut.de
highlight five particular aspects of this broad field, asking you a ques- Or send a postcard to:

F.A.Z.-Institut
tion about each one. Those who find the right solutions and who also
have a little bit of luck can be among the winners of five attractive prizes.
Redaktion ThyssenKrupp Magazin
This is how it works: Each question has only one correct solution word.
Postfach 20 01 63
Answer the questions in any order you like and write each solution word
60605 Frankfurt am Main
on the crossword puzzle it is up to you to determine where.
Have you entered all the solution words? If so, you should arrange the The deadline for entries is October 30, 2010. All winners will be notified
letters written in the numbered boxes in an order that produces a word. in writing. The judges decision is final.
Have a good time!

Question_1
The Pompidou Center was his break-
through. Since then the architect from
Genoa has left traces almost every-
where in the world, including Osaka,
Parma, and Berlin. Recently he wanted
to plant 90,000 trees in Milan the
conductor Claudio Abbado linked his
return to La Scala on this condition.
The architect was not able to imple-
ment this plan. Milan had a money
shortage, declared the mayor. Thus
the person in question plunged into
a different project: In London he is
working on the highest skyscraper in
Western Europe. What is his last
name?
Question_2
7 4 London holds the world record: The
subway network comprises 408
kilometers of line. No wonder that a
competition could become popular
here of all places: For the so-called
1 3 Tube Challenge participants must visit
all London Underground stations of
which there are currently 275 in the
shortest time possible. Londoners
took their tube to heart right from the
start. The city was already groaning
2
under the traffic in the middle of the
19th century. On January 10, 1863,
commuters could breathe a sigh of
relief; the first underground transport
line was opened between Farringdon
and Paddington. What is the name of
this line?
5 6
Five winners of a 100 voucher
Solution from the page
for amazon.de will be drawn
forum_worth knowing:
from all contestants who sent in
The person wanted for
the correct solution.
Who was it: Le Corbusier
Question_3
There is no other film in which the
city under the city plays such a
major role as it does in the classic
The Third Man. At the end of the
film, Orson Welles as the villain Harry
Lime flees through the sewers of
Vienna and finally is shot by his
old friend Holly Martins. Martins
discovered that Lime had been selling
diluted medication that permanently
harmed children. What was the medi-
cation that Harry Lime was selling in
post-war Vienna?
Question_4
Its total weight is approximately 180
tons. Its effect is elegant and fragile.
No wonder, the glass pyramid at the
entry of the Louvre in Paris consists
of hundreds of diamond-shaped and
triangular glass segments. The model
for the structure, created by the
Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming
Pei between 1985 and 1989, was the
Great Pyramid of Giza. Who commis-
sioned the architect to design a new
entry for the largest museum in the
world? What is his last name?
Question_5
Urban development and supply have
always been closely related. Where
water supply is concerned, the
Romans with their aqueducts have left
a special legacy, in terms of architec-
ture and technology. These water lines
carried water as far as 100 kilometers,
usually underground, sometimes
however also via gigantic bridges in
larger cities of the Roman Empire. One
of the best preserved aqueducts from
the time of the Romans is in southern
France and is 49 meters high. What
is the French Dpartement that this
aqueduct is named after.

TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June

 review
102
Global views can be the German photo-
graphers view of his temporary home in
Shanghai or the debate between propo-
nents and opponents of globalization.
This magazine deals just as much with
journeys across intercultural borders as
with border-crossing bridges. It is about
scientists and development engineers
who apply new processes and use new
materials to open up new avenues for
technology in an increasingly networked
world and, thus, help fight such global
problems as water shortages. And it is
also about entering new markets. Inter-
nationality means pursuing common
approaches across national borders and
reaching common goals via different
avenues and learning from each other
in the process. 7
The magazines can be ordered at www.thyssenkrupp.com
in the service navigation area under Publications.
imprint
Publisher: ThyssenKrupp AG,
Dr. Jrgen Claassen,
ThyssenKrupp Allee 1,
45143 Essen,
Telephone: +49 201 8445-0
Project Management at ThyssenKrupp: Barbara Scholten
The contents do not necessarily reflect the views of
the publisher. Excerpts may only be reproduced with
attribution and if a sample copy is provided.
Environment is everything that surrounds
us and shapes our existence from
climate change, as one well-known
researcher relates in this magazine, to the
elements sun, wind and water in their
capacity as equally useful and unpredic-
table forces of nature, from demographic
change to the manifold stressors
influencing our social surroundings. A
steel mill where environmental protection
is high up on the agenda is just as much
an issue as the cultural interpreter who is
looking for the right tone in this globalized
world. The way we confront the environ-
mental challenges of today reflects a
diversity of technical solutions like the
storage of greenhouse gases, energy
extraction from plants or the ways we pro-
tect ourselves against natural disasters.7
Publishing house and editorial offices: F.A.Z.-Institut fr Management-,
Markt- und Medieninformationen GmbH, Mainzer Landstrasse 199,
60326 Frankfurt/Main, Telephone: +49 69 75 91-0, Fax: +49 69 75 91-1966
Managing Directors: Volker Sach, Dr. Andr Hlsbmer
Project Management: Ludger Kersting
Editors: Anke Bryson (responsible), Alexander Schneider
Art Director: Wolfgang Hanauer
Authors: Sarah Bautz, Anke Bryson, Christina Hhn, Christoph Neuschffer,
Tim Schrder, Alexander Schneider, Margit Uber, Jan Voosen, Inka Wichmann
TK
To have perspectives means to have a
future, to present perspectives means
finding goals for which the effort is
worthwhile, to provide new impulses, to
identify and develop future potential
with technical solutions for mankinds
most pressing challenges, precisely like
promoting an environment that is open
for new ideas, and in which each indi-
vidual can reach his potential. From the
idea, to the innovation, to technology
assessment in this magazine tinkerers
as well as futurologists have a voice, it
deals with products that can revolutionize
our everyday life, as well as the shaping
of the living spaces of the future. The
astronaut, Thomas Reiter, reports how
a change in perspective can affect our
value system. 7
Photos: archinform (9295), CAEPSELE (2223), Cinetext (8489), CPG
Group (72), Phil Fisk (1415, 19), Fnoxx (89), Fotolia.com (3639, 81,
100), Google Earth/Digital Globe/ MapLink/Tele Atlas (45), Historisches
Archiv Krupp (6265), Wolfgang Hanauer (Illustrationen 3637, 9293), layar
(9295), livingarchitecture.com (1618, 2021), Norbert Michalke/Agentur
Focus (9799), Picture-Alliance/dpa (67, 2835, 4045), Stadtbildstelle
Essen (6265), The Image Bank (9697), Frank Vinken (73), wikitude (9295)
Lithography: Goldbeck Art, Frankfurt/Main,
Printing: Kuthal Druck, Mainaschaff
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | June
TK Magazine | 1 | 2010 | Juni Architecture
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