Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
y
Molecular
Grado en Fsica
Curso Acadmico 2015/16
2 2
i = 1 ; [i , j ] = 0 ; [i , ] = 0 ; = 1 ; i, j = 1, 2, 3 .
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
2 2
i = 1 ; [i , j ] = 0 ; [i , ] = 0 ; = 1 ; i, j = 1, 2, 3 .
i , : matrices hermticas
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
2 2
i = 1 ; [i , j ] = 0 ; [i , ] = 0 ; = 1 ; i, j = 1, 2, 3 .
i , : matrices hermticas
Tr(i ) = Tr( ) = 0
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
2 2
i = 1 ; [i , j ] = 0 ; [i , ] = 0 ; = 1 ; i, j = 1, 2, 3 .
i , : matrices hermticas
Tr(i ) = Tr( ) = 0
autovalores i , : 1
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
2 2
i = 1 ; [i , j ] = 0 ; [i , ] = 0 ; = 1 ; i, j = 1, 2, 3 .
i , : matrices hermticas
Tr(i ) = Tr( ) = 0 0 i I 0
i = , =
autovalores i , : 1 i 0 0 I
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
2 2
i = 1 ; [i , j ] = 0 ; [i , ] = 0 ; = 1 ; i, j = 1, 2, 3 .
i , : matrices hermticas
Tr(i ) = Tr( ) = 0 0 i I 0
i = , =
autovalores i , : 1 i 0 0 I
Ecuacin de Pauli
nE (r) =
i~cr
qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
E (r) = i~cr qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli
nE (r) =
i~cr
qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
0 2
E = E + mc E (r) = i~cr qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli
nE (r) =
i~cr
qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
0 2
E = E + mc E (r) = i~cr qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
n E 0 (r) =
i~cr
q A (r) + q (r)
0 2
(E + 2 m c ) (r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli
nE (r) =
i~cr
qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
0 2
E = E + mc E (r) = i~cr qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
n E 0 (r) =
i~cr
q A (r) + q (r)
0 2
(E + 2 m c ) (r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
(E 0 + 2 m c2 q ) (r) = i~cr qA (r)
-lmite no relativista: |E 0 | m c2 ; |q | m c2 .
1
(r) = 2
i~cr qA (r)
2mc
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli
nE (r) =
i~cr
qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
0 2
E = E + mc E (r) = i~cr qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
n E 0 (r) =
i~cr
q A (r) + q (r)
0 2
(E + 2 m c ) (r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
(E 0 + 2 m c2 q ) (r) = i~cr qA (r)
-lmite no relativista: |E 0 | m c2 ; |q | m c2 . componente
1 grande
(r) = 2
i~cr qA (r)
2mc v
(r) (r)
c
componente
pequea
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli
nE (r) =
i~cr
qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
0 2
E = E + mc E (r) = i~cr qA (r) + m c2 + q (r)
n E 0 (r) =
i~cr
q A (r) + q (r)
0 2
(E + 2 m c ) (r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
(E 0 + 2 m c2 q ) (r) = i~cr qA (r)
-lmite no relativista: |E 0 | m c2 ; |q | m c2 .
1
(r) = 2
i~cr qA (r)
2mc
1 h i 2
0
E (r) = 2
i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
2mc
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli E 0 1 h i2
(r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
2 m c2
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli E 0 1 h i2
(r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
2 m c2
h i2 2
i~cr qA = i~cr qA q~c B
B =rA
( U)( V) = U V + i (U V)
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli E 0 1 h i2
(r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
2 m c2
h i2 2
i~cr qA = i~cr qA q~c B
h 1 2 q~ i
E 0
(r) = i~cr qA B + q (r)
2 m c2 2mc
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli E 0 1 h i2
(r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
2 m c2
h i2 2
i~cr qA = i~cr qA q~c B
h 1 2 q~ i
E 0
(r) = i~cr qA B + q (r)
2 m c2 2mc
ecuacin de Pauli para partculas de spin 1/2
en un campo electromagntico
h 1 q 2 q~ i
0
E (r) = p A B + q (r)
2m c 2mc
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli E 0 1 h i2
(r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
2 m c2
h i2 2
i~cr qA = i~cr qA q~c B
h 1 2 q~ i
E 0
(r) = i~cr qA B + q (r)
2 m c2 2mc
ecuacin de Pauli para partculas de spin 1/2
en un campo electromagntico
h 1 q 2 q~ i
0
E (r) = p A B + q (r)
2m c 2mc
electrn interaccin de B con el momento
q~ e~ magntico intrnseco del electrn
B B Ms B
2mc 2mc
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli E 0 1 h i2
(r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
2 m c2
h i2 2
i~cr qA = i~cr qA q~c B
h 1 2 q~ i
E 0
(r) = i~cr qA B + q (r)
2 m c2 2mc
ecuacin de Pauli para partculas de spin 1/2
en un campo electromagntico
h 1 q 2 q~ i
0
E (r) = p A B + q (r)
2m c 2mc
electrn interaccin de B con el momento
q~ e~ magntico intrnseco del electrn
B B Ms B
2mc 2mc
e~
Ms = = g e B s
2mc
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
Ecuacin de Pauli E 0 1 h i2
(r) = i~cr qA (r) + q (r)
2 m c2
h i2 2
i~cr qA = i~cr qA q~c B
h 1 2 q~ i
E 0
(r) = i~cr qA B + q (r)
2 m c2 2mc
ecuacin de Pauli para partculas de spin 1/2
en un campo electromagntico
h 1 q 2 q~ i
0
E (r) = p A B + q (r)
2m c 2mc
electrn interaccin de B con el momento
q~ e~ magntico intrnseco del electrn
B B Ms B
2mc 2mc
e~ ~ /2
Ms = = g e B s
2mc
2 e/(2 m c)
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
1 E0 V (r)
E 0
(r) = ( i ~ c r ) 1 ( i ~ c r ) (r) + V (r) (r)
2 m c2 2mc 2
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
1 E0 V (r)
E0 (r) = ( i ~ c r) 2
1 2
( i ~ c r) (r) + V (r) (r)
2mc 2mc
~ 2
E0 V (r) 2 ~ 2
= 1 2
( r) (r) 2 2
[ r V (r)] [ r (r)] + V (r) (r)
2m 2mc 4m c
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
1 E0 V (r)
E0 (r) = ( i ~ c r) 2
1 2
( i ~ c r) (r) + V (r) (r)
2mc 2mc
~ 2
E0 V (r) 2 ~ 2
= 1 2
( r) (r) 2 2
[ r V (r)] [ r (r)] + V (r) (r)
2m 2mc 4m c
( r)2 = r r + i r r = r2 ( U)( V) = U V + i (U V)
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
1 E0 V (r)
E0 (r) = ( i ~ c r) 2
1 2
( i ~ c r) (r) + V (r) (r)
2mc 2mc
~ 2
E0 V (r) 2 ~ 2
= 1 2
( r) (r) 2 2
[ r V (r)] [ r (r)] + V (r) (r)
2m 2mc 4m c
( r)2 = r r + i r r = r2 ( U)( V) = U V + i (U V)
trmino de Darwin
~2 2 ~ 2
2 ~ 2
2
= 2 2
r V (r) = 2 2
4 Z e (r) = 2 2
Z e (r)
8m c 8m c 2m c
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita ( r)2 = r2
trmino de Darwin
~2 2 ~ 2
2 ~ 2
2
= 2 2
r V (r) = 2 2
4 Z e (r) = 2 2
Z e (r)
8m c 8m c 2m c
H (r) = E 0 (r)
~2 Z e2 p4 1 1 dV (r) ~2 2
H = r2 3 2
+ 2 2
l s + 2 2
Z e (r)
2m r 8m c 2 m c r dr 2m c
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
H0
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
degeneracion: 2n2
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
degeneracion: 2n2
X 1
nl 12 jm (q) = hl ml ms |j mi nlml (r) 1
2 ms
jm
2
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
degeneracion: 2n2
X 1
nl 12 jm (q) = hl ml ms |j mi nlml (r) 1
2 ms
jm
2
H0 nl 12 jm (q) = E0 nl 12 jm (q)
degeneracion: 2n2
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
degeneracion: 2n2
X 1
nl 12 jm (q) = hl ml ms |j mi nlml (r) 1
2 ms
jm
2
H0 nl 12 jm (q) = E0 nl 12 jm (q)
h nl 12 jm |HIT | nl0 12 j 0 m0 i =
" #
1 1 1
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 En2 2
+ 2 Z e En 2 4
+Z e
2 m c2 r nl 12 jm r2 nl 12 jm
2
1 2 2 Z 2 4 2 Z
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 2
E n + 2 Z e E n 2
+ Z e 2 3
2mc a0 n a0 n (2l + 1)
Z 2 2 Z 2 2 2 Z 2 2
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 En 2
+
4n n2 n (2l + 1)
2 2
Z 3 n
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 En
n2 4 l + 12
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
1 1 dV (r) 1 2
HILS = l s (r) l s l s = (j l2 s2 )
2 m c2 r dr 2
2
1 1 2 d(1/r) Z e 1
(r) = ( Ze ) =
2 m c2 r dr 2 m c2 r 3
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
1 1 dV (r) 1 2
HILS = l s (r) l s l s = (j l2 s2 )
2 m c2 r dr 2
2
1 1 2 d(1/r) Z e 1
(r) = ( Ze ) =
2 m c2 r dr 2 m c2 r 3
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
1 1 dV (r) 1 2
HILS = l s (r) l s l s = (j l2 s2 )
2 m c2 r dr 2
2
1 1 2 d(1/r) Z e 1
(r) = ( Ze ) =
2 m c2 r dr 2 m c2 r 3
LS 1 2 2 2
h 1
nl 2 jm |H I | 0 1 0
nl 2 j m 0 i = h 1
nl 2 jm | (r) (j l s )| nl0 12 j 0 m0 i =
2
~ 2
3 Ze 2
1
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 j(j + 1) l(l + 1)
2 4 2 m c2 r3 nl 1 jm
2
Ze ~ 2 2
3 2 Z3
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 j(j + 1) l(l + 1)
4mc 2 4 a30 n3 l (l + 1) (2l + 1)
2 2
Z 3
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 ( En ) 1 j(j + 1) l(l + 1)
2 n l (l + 2 ) (l + 1) 4
( 1 1
2 2
Z (l + 2 ) (l + 1) , j = l + 2
= 0 0
ll jj mm 0 (1 l0 ) E n
2n l (l + 1 ) , j=l 1
2 2
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
~2 Z e 2
HID = 2 2
(r)
2m c
D ~2 Z e 2
h nl 12 jm |HI | nl0 12 j 0 m0 i = ll0 jj 0 mm0 2 2
h nl 12 jm | (r)| nl 12 jm i
2m c
~2 Z e 2
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 2 2
| nl 12 jm (0)|2
2m c
3
~ Ze
2 2
1 Z
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 l0 2
2 m2 c2 8 n a0
Z 2 2
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 l0 En
n
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
D ~2 Z e 2
h nl 12 jm |HI | nl0 12 j 0 m0 i = ll0 jj 0 mm0 2 2
h nl 12 jm | (r)| nl 12 jm i
2m c
~2 Z e 2
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 2 2
| nl 12 jm (0)|2
2m c
3
~ Ze
2 2
1 Z
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 l0 2
2 m2 c2 8 n a0
Z 2 2
= ll0 jj 0 mm0 l0 En
n
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
2 n 1 4 n 1
2
En,j=n 1 En,j= 12 = |En | (Z ) = Z , n 6= 1
2 n2 2n 4
Captulo 4: La interaccin spin-rbita
2 n 1 4 n 1
2
En,j=n 1 En,j= 12 = |En | (Z ) = Z , n 6= 1
2 n2 2n 4