Name: ……………………………………..

Date: ……/……/……

Class : ………… Number: ……….. Evaluation: ………….

Clauses and linkers of contrast:

Although, however, in spite of/ despite

Although introduces a clause and is followed by a subject and a

verb.
When the although clause comes first, it is followed by a comma.
The linker however starts a new sentence and is followed by a
comma.
However is much more common in written English than in spoken
English.
The linkers in spite of and despite are followed by a gerund (-ing
form) or by a noun.
In spite of is more common than despite.

1. Complete the sentences using although and a sentence from the box. Use capital
letter and commas if necessary:

 She known him a long time. 

 Rob had only seen Linda in a photo.
 I don’t have any money to spend.
 I hadn’t invited him to mine.
 I don’t usually read articles.
 She was very tired.
 He’d had a big breakfast at seven.
 The train was about to live

She didn’t recognise him in his and sun glasses

although she’d know him a long time.

a) Peter was hungry by ten o’clock _______________________________

 b) ____________________________________ she couldn’t get to sleep.
c) ____________________________________ he recognised her as soon
as she got off the train.
d) I always look at the photos in sport magazines _____________________
e) ___________________________________ he stopped to buy a
magazine for the journey.
f) Sam invited me to his party ___________________________________

2. Complete sentences with the phrases in the box:

- her doctor’s advice - her age - the noise  - the number - the rubbish

- the weather - the traffic - the time - their disagreement

My parents slept well in spite of the noise we were making downstairs with our
electric guitars.

a) We arrived in time for the flight despite ___________________ on the

road to the airport.

b) We decided to queue for tickets for the Texas concert despite ________
____________ of people in the queue at the tickets office.

c) She woke up at four o’clock this morning but decided to get up despite
_________________.

d) One rainy weekend in November, we decided to go camping in spite of

____________________.

e) Despite _______________________ last weekend, Tim and Dominic are

still good friends.

f) It’s a fascinating and colourful city in spite of _______________ and dirt

in the streets.

g) She continued to drink ten cups of coffee a day despite _____________

_________________________ .
h) My grandmother goes everywhere by bicycle in spite of ______________