4/5/2017 USB3.

0Wikipedia

USB3.0
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

USB3.0isthethirdmajorversionoftheUniversalSerialBus
(USB)standardforinterfacingcomputersandelectronic USB3.0
devices.Amongotherimprovements,USB3.0addsthenew
transferratereferredtoasSuperSpeedUSB(SS)thatcan
transferdataatupto5Gbit/s(625MB/s),whichisaboutten
timesasfastastheUSB2.0standard.Manufacturersare
recommendedtodistinguishUSB3.0connectorsfromtheir
USB2.0counterpartsbybluecolorcodingoftheStandardA
receptaclesandplugs,[2]andbytheinitialsSS.[3]
SuperSpeedUSBlogo
USB3.1,releasedinJuly2013,isthesuccessorstandardthat
Type USB
replacestheUSB3.0standard.USB3.1preservestheexisting
SuperSpeedUSBtransferrate,nowcalledUSB3.1Gen1,[4] Productionhistory
whiledefininganewtransferratecalledSuperSpeedUSB10 Designed November2008
Gbps,alsocalledUSB3.1Gen2,[4]whichcantransferdataat Manufacturer USB3.0PromoterGroup(Hewlett
upto10Gbit/s(1.25GB/s,twicetherateofUSB3.0),bringing Packard,Intel,Microsoft,NEC,
itstheoreticalmaximumspeedonparwiththefirstversionof STEricsson,andTexas
theThunderboltinterface.[5][6]
Instruments)[1]
Superseded USB2.0HiSpeed

Contents Superseded USB3.1(July2013)

by
1 Overview Generalspecifications
1.1 Architectureandfeatures
Width 12mm(Aplug),8mm(Bplug),
1.2 Datatransferandsynchronization
1.3 Dataencoding 12.2mm(MicroA&MicroB
1.4 Powerandcharging plugs)
2 Availability Height 4.5mm(Aplug),10.44mm(B
2.1 Addingtoexistingequipment
plug),1.8mm(MicroA&Micro
2.2 Adoption
3 Issues Bplugs)
3.1 Speedandcompatibility Pins 9
3.2 Radiofrequencyinterference
Electrical
4 Connectors
4.1 Pinouts Max.current 900mA
4.2 Backwardcompatibility Data
5 Seealso
6 References Datasignal Yes
7 Externallinks Bitrate 5Gbit/s(625MB/s)

Overview
ThespecificationofUSB3.0issimilartothatofUSB2.0,butwithmanyimprovementsandanalternative
implementation.EarlierUSBconceptssuchasendpointsandthefourtransfertypes(bulk,control,isochronous
andinterrupt)arepreservedbuttheprotocolandelectricalinterfacearedifferent.Thespecificationdefinesa
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physicallyseparatechanneltocarryUSB3.0traffic.Thechangesinthisspecificationmakeimprovementsinthe
followingareas:

TransferspeedUSB3.0addsanewtransfertypecalledSuperSpeedorSS,5Gbit/s(electrically,itismore
similartoPCIExpress2.0andSATAthanUSB2.0)[7]
Increasedbandwidthinsteadofonewaycommunication,USB3.0usestwounidirectionaldatapaths:one
toreceivedataandtheothertotransmit
PowermanagementU0toU3linkpowermanagementstatesaredefined
Improvedbususeanewfeatureisadded(usingpacketsNRDYandERDY)toletadeviceasynchronously
notifythehostofitsreadiness,withnoneedforpolling
SupporttorotatingmediathebulkprotocolisupdatedwithanewfeaturecalledStreamProtocolthat
allowsalargenumberoflogicalstreamswithinanEndpoint

USB3.0hastransmissionspeedsofupto5Gbit/s,whichisabouttentimesfasterthanUSB2.0(480Mbit/s)even
beforetakingintoaccountthefactthatUSB3.0isfullduplexwhereasUSB2.0ishalfduplex.ThisgivesUSB3.0
apotentialtotalbandwidth,ifusedbothways,oftwentytimesthatofUSB2.0.[8]

Architectureandfeatures

InUSB3.0,dualbusarchitectureisusedtoallowbothUSB2.0(Full
Speed,LowSpeed,orHighSpeed)andUSB3.0(SuperSpeed)operations
totakeplacesimultaneously,thusprovidingbackwardcompatibility.
Connectionsaresuchthattheyalsopermitforwardcompatibility,thatis,
runningUSB3.0devicesonUSB2.0ports.Thestructuraltopologyisthe
same,consistingofatieredstartopologywitharoothubatlevel0and
hubsatlowerlevelstoprovidebusconnectivitytodevices.

Datatransferandsynchronization

TheSuperSpeedtransactionisinitiatedbythehostmakingarequest
followedbyaresponsefromthedevice.Thedeviceeitheracceptsthe
requestorrejectsitifaccepted,thedevicesendsdataoracceptsdatafrom
thehost.Iftheendpointishalted,thedeviceshallrespondwithaSTALL FrontviewofaStandardAUSB3.0
handshake.Ifthereislackofbufferspaceordata,itrespondswithaNot connector,showingitsfrontrowof
Ready(NRDY)signaltotellthehostthatitisnotabletoprocessthe fourpinsfortheUSB1.x/2.0
request.Whenthedeviceisready,itwillsendanEndpointReady(ERDY) backwardcompatibility,andasecond
tothehostwhichwillthenreschedulethetransaction. rowoffivepinsforthenewUSB3.0
connectivity.Theplasticinsertisin
Theuseofunicastandthelimitedamountofmulticastpackets,combined theUSB3.0standardbluecolor
withasynchronousnotifications,enableslinksthatarenotactivelypassing knownasPantone300C.
packetstobeputintoreducedpowerstates,whichallowsbetterpower
management.

Dataencoding

The"SuperSpeed"busprovidesforatransfermodeatanominalrateof5.0Gbit/s,inadditiontothethreeexisting
transfermodes.Accountingfortheencodingoverhead,therawdatathroughputis4Gbit/s,andthespecification
considersitreasonabletoachieve3.2Gbit/s(0.4GB/sor400MB/s)ormoreinpractice.[9]

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Alldataissentasastreamofeightbit(onebyte)segmentsthatarescrambledandconvertedinto10bitsymbols
via8b/10bencodingthishelpsthereceivertodecodecorrectlyeveninthepresenceofelectromagnetic
interference(EMI).Scramblingisimplementedusingafreerunninglinearfeedbackshiftregister(LFSR).The
LFSRisresetwheneveraCOMsymbolissentorreceived.[9]

Unlikepreviousstandards,theUSB3.0standarddoesnotdirectlyspecifyamaximumcablelength,requiringonly
thatallcablesmeetanelectricalspecification:forcoppercablingwithAWG26wires,themaximumpractical
lengthis3meters(9.8ft).[10]

Powerandcharging

AswithearlierversionsofUSB,USB3.0providespowerat5voltsnominal.Theavailablecurrentforlowpower
(oneunitload)SuperSpeeddevicesis150mA,anincreasefromthe100mAdefinedinUSB2.0.Forhighpower
SuperSpeeddevices,thelimitissixunitloadsor900mA(4.5watts),almosttwiceUSB2.0's
500mA.[9]:section9.2.5.1PowerBudgeting

USB3.0portsmayalsoimplementotherUSBspecificationsforincreasedpower,includingtheUSBBattery
ChargingSpecificationforupto1.5Aor7.5watts,ortheUSBPowerDeliveryspecificationforupto
100watts.[11]

Availability
TheUSB3.0PromoterGroupannouncedon17November2008thatthe
specificationofversion3.0hadbeencompletedandhadmadethe
transitiontotheUSBImplementersForum(USBIF),themanagingbody
ofUSBspecifications.[12]Thismoveeffectivelyopenedthespecificationto
hardwaredevelopersforimplementationinfutureproducts.

ThefirstUSB3.0consumerproductswereannouncedandshippedby
BuffaloTechnologyinNovember2009,whilethefirstcertifiedUSB3.0
consumerproductswereannouncedon5January2010,attheLasVegas AUSB3.0fourporthub,usinga
ConsumerElectronicsShow(CES),includingtwomotherboardsbyASUS VIATechnologieschipset
andGigabyteTechnology.[13][14]

ManufacturersofUSB3.0hostcontrollersinclude,butarenotlimitedto,RenesasElectronics,FrescoLogic(htt
p://www.frescologic.com),ASMediaTechnology(http://www.asmedia.com.tw),Etron,VIATechnologies,Texas
Instruments,NECandNvidia.AsofNovember2010,RenesasandFrescoLogic[15]havepassedUSBIF
certification.MotherboardsforIntel'sSandyBridgeprocessorshavebeenseenwithAsmediaandEtronhost
controllersaswell.On28October2010,HewlettPackardreleasedtheHPEnvy173DfeaturingaRenesas
USB3.0hostcontrollerseveralmonthsbeforesomeoftheircompetitors.AMDworkedwithRenesastoaddits
USB3.0implementationintoitschipsetsforits2011platforms.AtCES2011,Toshibaunveiledalaptopcalled
"ToshibaQosmioX500"thatincludedUSB3.0andBluetooth3.0,andSonyreleasedanewseriesofSonyVAIO
laptopsthatwouldincludeUSB3.0.AsofApril2011,theInspironandDellXPSserieswereavailablewith
USB3.0ports,and,asofMay2012,theDellLatitudelaptopserieswereaswellyettheUSBroothostsfailedto
workatSuperSpeedunderWindows8.On11June2012,AppleannouncednewMacBookAirsandMacBookPro
withUSB3.0.

Addingtoexistingequipment

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InlaptopcomputersthatlackUSB3.0portsbuthaveanExpressCardslot,
USB3.0portscanbeaddedbyusinganExpressCardtoUSB3.0adapter.
AlthoughtheExpressCardportitselfispoweredfroma3.3Vline,the
connectoralsohasaUSB2.0portavailabletoit(someexpresscards
actuallyusetheUSB2.0interfaceratherthanthetrueexpresscardport).
However,thisUSB2.0portisonlycapableofsupplyingthepowerforone
USB3.0port.Wheremultipleportsareprovidedontheexpresscard,
additionalpowerwillneedtobeprovided.[16]
AUSB3.0controllerinformofa
AdditionalpowerformultipleportsonalaptopPCmaybederivedinthe
PCIExpressexpansioncard
followingways:

SomeExpressCardtoUSB3.0adaptersmayconnectbyacableto
anadditionalUSB2.0portonthecomputer,whichsupplies
additionalpower.
TheExpressCardmayhaveasocketforanexternalpowersupply.
Iftheexternaldevicehasanappropriateconnector,itcanbepowered
byanexternalpowersupply.
USB3.0portprovidedbyanExpressCardtoUSB3.0adaptermay
beconnectedtoaseparatelypoweredUSB3.0hub,withexternal
devicesconnectedtothatUSB3.0hub.

OnthemotherboardsofdesktopPCswhichhavePCIExpress(PCIe)slots Sideconnectorsonalaptop
(ortheolderPCIstandard),USB3.0supportcanbeaddedasaPCIExpress computer.Lefttoright:USB3.0
expansioncard.InadditiontoanemptyPCIeslotonthemotherboard, host,VGAconnector,DisplayPort
many"PCIExpresstoUSB3.0"expansioncardsmustbeconnectedtoa connector,USB2.0host.Notethe
powersupplysuchasaMolexadapterorexternalpowersupply,inorderto additionalpinsonthetopsideofthe
powermanyUSB3.0devicessuchasmobilephones,orexternalhard USB3.0port.
drivesthathavenopowersourceotherthanUSBasof2011,thisisoften
usedtosupplytwotofourUSB3.0portswiththefull0.9A(4.5W)ofpowerthateachUSB3.0portiscapableof
(whilealsotransmittingdata),whereasthePCIExpressslotitselfcannotsupplytherequiredamountofpower.

IffasterconnectionstostoragedevicesarethereasontoconsiderUSB3.0,analternativeistouseeSATAp,
possiblybyaddinganinexpensiveexpansionslotbracketthatprovidesaneSATApportsomeexternalharddisk
drivesprovidebothUSB(2.0or3.0)andeSATApinterfaces.[14]Toensurecompatibilitybetweenmotherboards
andperipherals,allUSBcertifieddevicesmustbeapprovedbytheUSBImplementersForum(USBIF).Atleast
onecompleteendtoendtestsystemforUSB3.0designersisavailableonthemarket.[17]

Adoption

TheUSBPromoterGroupannouncedthereleaseofUSB3.0onNovember2008.On5January2010,USBIF
announcedthefirsttwocertifiedUSB3.0motherboards,onebyAsusandonebyGigabyte.[14][18]Previous
announcementsincludedGigabyte'sOctober2009listofsevenP55chipsetUSB3.0motherboards,[19]andan
ASUSmotherboardthatwascancelledbeforeproduction.[20]

Commercialcontrollerswereexpectedtoenterintovolumeproductioninthefirstquarterof2010.[21]On14
September2009,FreecomannouncedaUSB3.0externalharddrive.[22]On4January2010,Seagateannounceda
smallportableHDDbundledwithanadditionalUSB3.0ExpressCard,targetedforlaptops(ordesktopswith
ExpressCardslotaddition)attheCESinLasVegasNevada.[23][24]

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TheLinuxkernelmainlinecontainssupportforUSB3.0sinceversion2.6.31,whichwasreleasedinSeptember
2009.[25][26][27]

FreeBSDsupportsUSB3.0sinceversion8.2,whichwasreleasedinFebruary2011.[28]

Windows8wasthefirstMicrosoftoperatingsystemtoofferbuiltinsupportforUSB3.0.[29]Driversareunder
developmentforWindows7,butsupportwasnotincludedwiththeinitialreleaseoftheoperatingsystem.[30]
However,driversthatenablesupportforWindows7areavailablethroughwebsitesofhardwaremanufacturers.

IntelreleaseditsfirstchipsetwithintegratedUSB3.0portsin2012withthereleaseofthePantherPointchipset.
SomeindustryanalystshaveclaimedthatIntelwasslowtointegrateUSB3.0intothechipset,thusslowing
mainstreamadoption.[31]ThesedelaysmaybeduetoproblemsintheCMOSmanufacturingprocess,[32]afocusto
advancetheNehalemplatform,[33]awaittomatureallthe3.0connectionsstandards(USB3.0,PCIe3.0,SATA
3.0)beforedevelopinganewchipset,[34][35]oratacticbyInteltofavoritsnewThunderboltinterface.[36]Apple,
Inc.announcedlaptopswithUSB3.0portson11June2012,nearlyfouryearsafterUSB3.0wasfinalized.

AMDbegansupportingUSB3.0withitsFusionControllerHubsin2011.SamsungElectronicsannouncedsupport
ofUSB3.0withitsARMbasedExynos5Dualplatformintendedforhandhelddevices.

Issues
Speedandcompatibility

VariousearlyUSB3.0implementationswidelyusedtheNEC/RenesasD72020xfamilyofhostcontrollers,[37]
whichareknowntorequireafirmwareupdatetofunctionproperlywithsomedevices.[38][39][40]

AfactoraffectingthespeedofUSBstoragedevices(moreevidentwithUSB3.0devices,butalsonoticeablewith
USB2.0ones)isthattheUSBMassStorageBulkOnlyTransfer(BOT)protocoldriversaregenerallyslowerthan
theUSBAttachedSCSIprotocol(UAS[P])drivers.[41][42][43][44]

Onsomeold(20092010)IbexPeakbasedmotherboards,thebuiltinUSB3.0chipsetsareconnectedbydefault
viaa2.5GT/sPCIExpresslaneofthePCH,whichbackthendidnotprovidefullPCIExpress2.0speed(5GT/s),
soitdidnotprovideenoughbandwidthevenforasingleUSB3.0port.Earlyversionsofsuchboards(e.g.the
GigabyteTechnologyP55AUD4orP55AUD6)haveamanualswitch(inBIOS)thatcanconnecttheUSB3.0
chiptotheprocessor(insteadofthePCH),whichdidprovidefullspeedPCIExpress2.0connectivityevenback
then,butthismeantusingfewerPCIExpress2.0lanesforthegraphicscard.However,newerboards(e.g.
GigabyteP55AUD7ortheAsusP7P55DEPremium)usedachannelbondingtechnique(inthecaseofthose
boardsprovidedbyaPLXPEX8608orPEX8613PCIExpressswitch)thatcombinestwoPCIExpress2.5GT/s
lanesintoasinglePCIExpress5GT/slane(amongotherfeatures),thusobtainingthenecessarybandwidthfrom
thePCH.[45][46][47]

Radiofrequencyinterference

USB3.0devicesandcablesmayinterferewithwirelessdevicesoperatinginthe2.4GHzISMband.Thismay
resultinadropinthroughputorcompletelossofresponsewithBluetoothandWiFidevices.[48]Variousstrategies
canbeappliedtoresolvetheproblem,rangingfromsimplesolutionssuchasincreasingthedistanceofUSB3.0
devicesfromWiFiroutersandBluetoothdevices,toapplyingadditionalshieldingaroundinternalcomputer
components.[49]

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Connectors
AUSB3.0StandardAreceptacleacceptseitheraUSB3.0StandardAplug
oraUSB2.0StandardAplug.Conversely,itispossibletoplugaUSB3.0
StandardAplugintoaUSB2.0StandardAreceptacle.Thisisaprincipleof
backwardcompatibility.TheStandardAisusedforconnectingtoacomputer
port,atthehostside.

AUSB3.0StandardBreceptacleacceptseitheraUSB3.0StandardBplug
oraUSB2.0StandardBplug.Backwardcompatibilityappliestoconnecting
aUSB2.0StandardBplugintoaUSB3.0StandardBreceptacle.However,it
isnotpossibletoplugaUSB3.0StandardBplugintoaUSB2.0StandardB
receptacle,duetoaphysicallylargerconnector.TheStandardBisusedatthe
deviceside.

SinceUSB2.0andUSB3.0portsmaycoexistonthesamemachineandthey
looksimilar,theUSB3.0specificationrecommendsthattheStandardA
USB3.0connectorhaveablueinsert(Pantone300Ccolor).Thesamecolor
codingappliestotheUSB3.0StandardAplug.[9]:sections3.1.1.1and5.3.1.3

USB3.0alsointroducedanewMicroBcableplug,whichconsistsofa
standardUSB1.x/2.0MicroBcableplug,withanadditional5pinplug
"stacked"insideit.Thatway,theUSB3.0MicroBhostconnectorpreserved
itsbackwardcompatibilitywiththeUSB1.x/2.0MicroBcableplugs.
However,itisnotpossibletoplugaUSB3.0MicroBplugintoaUSB2.0
MicroBreceptacle,duetoaphysicallylargerconnector.

Pinouts

Theconnectorhasthesamephysicalconfigurationasitspredecessorbutwith
fivemorepins.

TheVBUS,D,D+,andGNDpinsarerequiredforUSB2.0communication. USB3.0StandardAreceptacle
TheadditionalUSB3.0pinsaretwodifferentialpairsandoneground (top,inthebluecolor"Pantone
(GND_DRAIN).ThetwoadditionaldifferentialpairsareforSuperSpeeddata 300C"),StandardBplug
transfertheyareusedforfullduplexSuperSpeedsignaling.The (middle),andMicroBplug
GND_DRAINpinisfordrainwireterminationandtocontrolEMIand (bottom)
maintainsignalintegrity.

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USB3.0connectorpinouts[50]
Signalname
Pin Color Description
Aconnector Bconnector
Shell N/A Shield Metalhousing
1 Red VBUS Power
2 White D
USB2.0differentialpair
3 Green D+
4 Black GND Groundforpowerreturn
5 Blue StdA_SSRX StdB_SSTX SuperSpeedtransmitter
6 Yellow StdA_SSRX+ StdB_SSTX+ differentialpair
7 N/A GND_DRAIN Groundforsignalreturn
8 Purple StdA_SSTX StdB_SSRX SuperSpeedreceiverdifferential
9 Orange StdA_SSTX+ StdB_SSRX+ pair
TheUSB3.0PoweredBconnectorhastwoadditionalpinsforpower
andgroundsuppliedtothedevice.[51] USB3.0StandardAplug(top)
andreceptacle(bottom),with
Powerprovidedtodevice annotatedpins
10 DPWR
(PoweredBonly)
N/A
GroundforDPWRreturn
11 DGND
(PoweredBonly)

Backwardcompatibility

USB3.0andUSB2.0(orearlier)TypeAplugsandreceptaclesare
designedtointeroperate.

USB3.0TypeBreceptacles,suchasthosefoundonperipheraldevices,are
largerthaninUSB2.0(orearlierversions),andacceptboththelarger
USB3.0TypeBplugandthesmallerUSB2.0(orearlier)TypeBplug.
USB3.0TypeBplugsarelargerthanUSB2.0(orearlier)TypeBplugs
therefore,USB3.0TypeBplugscannotbeinsertedintoUSB2.0(or
earlier)TypeBreceptacles.
USBMicroBUSB2.0vsUSB MicroUSB3.0(MicroB)plugandreceptacleareintendedprimarilyfor
MicroBSuperSpeed(USB3.0) smallportabledevicessuchassmartphones,digitalcamerasandGPS
devices.TheMicroUSB3.0receptacleisbackwardcompatiblewiththe
MicroUSB2.0plug.

AreceptacleforeSATAp,whichisaneSATA/USBcombo,isdesignedtoacceptUSBTypeAplugsfromUSB2.0
(orearlier),soitalsoacceptsUSB3.0TypeAplugs.

Seealso
Computerbus
ExtensibleHostControllerInterface(XHCI)
Listofcomputerperipheralbusbitrates
MobileHighDefinitionLink
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Externallinks

WikimediaCommonshas
USB3.0StandardA,StandardB,PoweredBconnectorspinouts, mediarelatedtoUSB3.0.
pinoutsguide.com
SupremePort:4HugeChangesComingtoUSB,laptopmag.comCES2014reportofalaptopdockingport
usingasingleUSB3.1porttosupplypower,videoandUSBperipherals

Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USB_3.0&oldid=772914722"

Categories: USB 2008introductions

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