TU7 - Design and Verification of A Steel Moment Resisting Frame

2C09
Design for seismic

and climate change
Raffaele Landolfo
Mario DAniello
European Erasmus Mundus Master Course
Sustainable Constructions
under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic Events
520121-1-2011-1-CZ-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
List of Tutorials
1. Design and verification of a steel moment

resisting frame
2. Design and verification of a steel concentric
braced frame
3. Assignment: Design and verification of a steel

eccentric braced frame
European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course
under Natural Hazards
and Catastrophic Events
2
Design and verification of a steel moment
resisting frame
1. Introduction
2. General requirements for Moment-Resisting
frames
3. Damage limitation
4. Structural analysis and calculation models
5. Verification

Master Course
3
Introduction
Building The case study is a six storey residential building

description
with a rectangular plan, 31.00 m x 24.00 m. The
Normative storey height is equal to 3.50 m with exception of
references
the first floor, which is 4.00 m high
Materials
Actions

Master Course
4
Introduction
Building Structural plan and configuration of the MRFs

description
18,50
4,00 4,25 4,20 4,55
Normative
references
5,10
Materials
12,00
Actions
6,00
Y
X 4,00 3,45 2,00 2,70 4,55
18,50

Master Course
Direction X Direction Y
5
Introduction
composite slabs with profiled steel sheetings are adopted to

Building
description resist the vertical loads and to behave as horizontal rigid
diaphragms.
Normative The connection between slab and beams is provided by
references ductile headed shear studs that are welded directly through
the metal deck to the beam flange.
Materials
Actions

Master Course
6
Introduction
In order to avoid the composite action, the shear connectors

Building
description are applied only on the beams of the gravity load designed
bays and in the moment-resisting parts a gap was kept from
Normative both sides of both column flanges, or from other protruding
references elements associated with the beam-to-column joints, and the
structural slab.
Materials
Actions
according to AISC 358-2010, it was widely demonstrated that
this type of detailing is sufficient to inhibit the load transfer
from the slab to the column. In such a way, the all-steel
beam-to-column hierarchy criterion is not modified.

Master Course
7
Introduction
Disconnecting the slab from the beam around the column is

Building
description also a recommended option in Section 7 of EN 1998-1
(Clause 7.7.5), where it is clearly stated that to avoid the
Normative composite action it is sufficient to guarantee no contact
references between slab and any vertical side of any steel element in a
circular zone around a column of diameter 2beff, with beff being
Materials
the larger of the effective widths of the beams connected to
that column
Actions

Master Course
8
Introduction
Apart from the seismic recommendations, the structural safety

Building
description verifications are carried out according to the following
European codes:
Normative
references - EN 1990 (2001) Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design;
- EN 1991-1-1 (2002) Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part
Materials
1-1: General actions -Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for
buildings;
Actions
- EN 1993-1-1 (2003) Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures -
Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings;
- EN 1994-1-1 (2004) Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel
and concrete structures - Part 1.1: General rules and rules for
buildings.

Master Course
In EU specific National annex should be accounted for design.
For generality sake, the calculation examples are carried out
using the recommended values of the safety factors
9
Introduction
It is well known that the standard nominal yield stress fy is the

Building
minimum guaranteed value, which is generally larger than the actual
description
steel strength.
Normative Owing to capacity design criteria, it is important to know the maximum
references yield stress of the dissipative parts.
This implies practical problems because steel products are not usually
Materials provided for an upper bound yield stress.
Eurocode 8 faces this problem considering 3 different options:
Actions
a) the actual maximum yield strength fy,max of the steel of dissipative

zones satisfies the following expression
fy,max 1.1gov fy
where fy is the nominal yield strength specified for the steel grade and
gov is a coefficient based on a statistic characterization of steel
Master Course products.
Sustainable Constructions The Recommended value is 1.25 (EN1998-1 6.2.3(a)), but the
and Catastrophic Events designer may use the value provided by the relevant National Annex.
10
Introduction
Building
description b) this clause refers to a situation in which steel producers provide a
seismic-qualified steel grade with both lower and upper bound value
Normative of yield stress defined.
references So if all dissipative parts are made considering one seismic steel
grade and the non-dissipative are made of a higher grade of steel
Materials there is no need for gov which can be set equal to 1.
Actions
c) the actual yield strength fy,act of the steel of each dissipative zone is
determined from measurements and the overstrength factor is
computed for each dissipative zone as gov,act = fy,act / fy , fy being the
nominal yield strength of the steel of dissipative zones.
Grade fy ft gM gov E
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
European Erasmus Mundus S275 275 430 gM0 = 1.00
Master Course
gM1 = 1.00 1.25 210000
S355 355 510 gM2 = 1.25
11
Introduction
Building
description In general at design stage the actual yield stress of the material is not
known a-priori. So the case a) is the more general.
Normative Hence, in this exercise we use it.
references
Materials Grade fy ft gM gov E

(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
Actions
S275 275 430 gM0 = 1.00
gM1 = 1.00 1.25 210000
S355 355 510 gM2 = 1.25

Master Course
12
Introduction
Building
description Characteristic values of vertical persistent and transient actions
Normative
Gk (kN/m2) Qk (kN/m2)
references Storey slab 4.20 2.00
0.50
Materials Roof slab 3.60
1.00 (Snow)
Actions Stairs 1.68 4.00
Claddings 2.00

Master Course
13
Introduction
Seismic action
Building
description A reference peak ground acceleration equal to agR = 0.25g (being g
the gravity acceleration), a type C soil and a type 1 spectral shape
Normative have been assumed.
references The design response spectrum is then obtained starting from the
elastic spectrum using the following equations
T 2.5
Materials 0 T TB Sd T ag S 1 1
TB q
2.5
Actions TB T TC S d T ag S
q
2.5 TC
ag S
TC T TD Sd T q T (3.2)
a
g
2.5 TC TD
ag S
T TD Sd T q T 2
a
g
European Erasmus Mundus S = 1.15, TB = 0.20 s , TC = 0.60 s and TD = 2.00 s.

Master Course
The parameter is the lower bound factor for the horizontal design
spectrum, whose value should be found in National Annex.
and Catastrophic Events = 0.2 is recommended by the code (EN1998-1.2.2.5)
14
Introduction
Seismic action
Building
description Elastic and design response spectra
8
Elastic spectrum
7
Normative Design spectrum for MRFs
references 6
Se, Sd (m/s2)
5
Materials 4
3
Actions
2
1
lower bound = 0.2ag
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
T (s)
behaviour factor q was assigned according to EN 1998-1 (6.3.2) as

follows:
u
Master Course
q qo 1.3 5 6.5
1
15
Introduction
Behaviour factor
Building
description u
q qo 1.3 5 6.5
1
Normative
references where qo is the reference value of the behaviour factor for systems
regular in elevation, while u/1 is the plastic redistribution parameter.
Materials The parameter 1 is the multiplier of the horizontal seismic design
action to reach the first plastic resistance in the structure and u is the
Actions multiplier of the horizontal seismic design action necessary to form a
global mechanism.
The ratio u /1 may be obtained from nonlinear static pushover
global analysis according to EN1998-1 (4.3.3.4.2.4), but is limited to
1.6.
In the worked example described within this Tutorial the EC8
suggested values of u /1 = 1.3 was used.
Master Course
16
Introduction
Combination of actions
Building
description In case of buildings the seismic action should be combined with
permanent and variable loads as follows:
Normative
references
G k,i " " 2,i Qk,i " " AEd
where Gk,i is the characteristic value of permanent action I (the self
Materials weight and all other dead loads), AEd is the design seismic action
(corresponding to the reference return period multiplied by the
Actions importance factor), Qk,i is the characteristic value of variable action I
and 2,i is the combination coefficient for the quasi-permanent value
of the variable action I, which is a function of the destination of use
of the building
Type of variable actions 2i
Category A Domestic, residential areas 0.30
Master Course
Roof 0.30
Snow loads on buildings 0.20
and Catastrophic Events Stairs 0.80
17
Introduction
Masses
Building
description In accordance with EN 1998-1 3.2.4 (2)P, the inertial effects in the
seismic design situation have to be evaluated by taking into account
Normative the presence of the masses corresponding to the following
references combination of permanent and variable gravity loads:
Gk,i " " E,i Qk,i
Materials where E,i 2i is the combination coefficient for variable action i,
which takes into account the likelihood of the loads Qk,i to be not
Actions present over the entire structure during the earthquake, as well as a
reduced participation in the motion of the structure due to a non-rigid
connection with the structure.
Type of variable actions 2i Ei

Category A Domestic, residential areas 0.30 0.50 0.15
Roof 0.30 1.00 0.30
Master Course Snow loads on buildings 0.20 1.00 0.20
Sustainable Constructions Stairs 0.80 0.50 0.40
18
Introduction
Seismic weights and masses in the worked example

Building
description
Normative Storey Gk Qk Seismic Weight Seismic Mass

references (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN/m2) (kN s2/m)
VI 3256.27 1326.00 3579.67 4.81 364.90
Materials V 3992.08 1608.00 4233.28 5.69 431.53
IV 3994.08 1608.00 4235.28 5.69 431.73
Actions
III 4020.54 1608.00 4261.74 5.73 434.43
II 4034.87 1608.00 4276.07 5.75 435.89
I 4092.99 1608.00 4334.19 5.83 441.81

Master Course
19
General requirements for MRFs
Basic principles of conceptual design

Basic
principles of - structural simplicity: it consists in realizing clear and direct paths for
conceptual the transmission of the seismic forces
design - uniformity: uniformity is characterized by an even distribution of the
structural elements both in-plan and along the height of the building.
Plan location - symmetry : a symmetrical layout of structural elements is envisaged
of MRFs and
structural - redundancy: redundancy allow redistributing action effects and
regularity widespread energy dissipation across the entire structure
- bi-directional resistance and stiffness: the building structure must be
Damage able to resist horizontal actions in any direction
limitation - torsional resistance and stiffness: building structures should possess
adequate torsional resistance and stiffness to limit torsional motions
- diaphragmatic behaviour at storey level: the floors (including the roof)
should act as horizontal diaphragms, thus transmitting the inertia forces
to the vertical structural systems
Master Course
- adequate foundation: the foundations have a key role, because they
have to ensure a uniform seismic excitation on the whole building.
20
MRFs are mainly located along the perimeter of the building.

Basic
principles of There is the same number of MRF spans in the 2 main direction of the
conceptual plan.
design 18,50
4,00 4,25 4,20 4,55
Plan location
5,10
of MRFs and
12,00
structural
regularity 6,00
Damage Y
X 4,00 3,45 2,00 2,70 4,55
18,50
limitation
Hence, the building is regular in-plan because it complies with the
following requirements (EN 1998-1 4.2.3.2):
- The building structure is symmetrical in plan with respect to two
orthogonal axes in terms of both lateral stiffness and mass distribution.
Master Course - The plan configuration is compact; in fact, each floor may be delimited
by a polygonal convex line. Moreover, in plan set-backs or re-entrant
corners or edge recesses do not exist.
21
- The structure has rigid in plan diaphragms.

Basic
principles of - The in-plan slenderness ratio Lmax/Lmin of the building is lower than 4
conceptual (31000 mm / 24000 mm = 1.29), where Lmax and Lmin are the larger and
design smaller in plan dimensions of the building, measured in two orthogonal
directions.
Plan location - At each level and for both X and Y directions, the structural
of MRFs and eccentricity eo (which is the nominal distance between the centre of
structural
stiffness and the centre of mass) is practically negligible and the
regularity
torsional radius r is larger than the radius of gyration of the floor mass
in plan
Damage
limitation

Master Course
22
Regularity in elevation
Basic
principles of - All seismic resisting systems are distributed along the building height
conceptual without interruption from the base to the top of the building.
design - Both lateral stiffness and mass at every storey practically remain
constant and/or reduce gradually, without abrupt changes, from the
Plan location base to the top of the building.
of MRFs and
- The ratio of the actual storey resistance to the resistance required by
structural
regularity the analysis does not vary disproportionately between adjacent storeys.
- There are no setbacks
Damage
limitation

Master Course
23
damage limitation requirement is expressed by the following Equation:

Basic
principles of
conceptual drn h
design
where:
Plan location
of MRFs and is the limit related to the typology of non-structural elements;
structural dr is the design interstorey drift;
regularity
h is the storey height;
Damage
n is a displacement reduction factor depending on the importance class
limitation of the building, whose values are specified in the National Annex. In
this Tutorial n = 0.5 is assumed, which is the recommended value for
importance classes I and II (the structure calculated in the numerical
example belonging to class II).

Master Course
24
According to EN 1998-1 4.3.4, If the analysis for the design seismic

Basic
action is linear-elastic based on the design response spectrum (i.e. the
principles of
conceptual elastic spectrum with 5% damping divided by the behaviour factor q),
design then the values of the displacements ds are those from that analysis
multiplied by the behaviour factor q, as expressed by means of the
Plan location following simplified expression:
of MRFs and
structural
ds = qd de
regularity
Damage where:
limitation ds is the displacement of the structural system induced by the design
seismic action;
qd is the displacement behaviour factor, assumed equal to q;
de is the displacement of the structural system, as determined by a
linear elastic analysis under the design seismic forces.
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25
Structural analysis and calculation models
In this Tutorial two separate calculation 2D planar models in the two

General
main plan directions have been used, one in X direction and the other
features
in Y direction. This approach is allowed by the EC8 (at clause 4.3.1(5)),
since the examined building satisfies the conditions given by EN 1998-
Calculation
models and 1 4.2.3.2 and 4.3.3.1(8)
code
requirements Modelling assumptions:
for beam-to-
column joints for the gravity load designed parts of the frame (beamto-columns
connections, column bases) have been assumed as perfectly pinned,
Calculation but columns are considered continuous through each floor beam.
models and All connections of the members belonging to the MRF have been
code considered full strength and full rigid.
requirements
for beams In addition, the flexibility of the panel zone has not been taken into
and columns account in the elastic models
European Erasmus Mundus Masses have been considered as lumped into a selected master-joint
Master Course
at each floor, because the floor diaphragms are rigid in their planes.
26
planar models
General
features
Calculation
models and
code
requirements
for beam-to-
column joints
Calculation
models and Moment
code
requirements
Resisting frame
Gravity load
for beams
and columns
resisting frame
Master Course
27
In 3D model, in order to account for accidental torsional effects the

General
seismic effects on the generic lateral load-resisting system are
features
multiplied by a factor
x
Calculation 1 0.6
models and Le
code
Seismic action
requirements
for beam-to- Le Seismic
column joints resistant
G system
Calculation
models and x
code
requirements
where:
for beams
and columns x is the distance from the centre of gravity of the building, measured
European Erasmus Mundus perpendicularly to the direction of the seismic action considered;
Master Course
Le is the distance between the two outermost lateral load resisting
systems.
28
In planar models, If the analysis is performed using two planar models,

General
one for each main horizontal direction, torsional effects may be
features
determined by doubling the accidental eccentricity as follows:
Calculation
x
models and
code 1 1.2
requirements
Le
for beam-to-
column joints
Seismic action
Le Seismic
Calculation
models and resistant
G system
code
requirements x
for beams
and columns
Master Course
29
An important aspect to be taken into account is the influence of second

General
order (P-) effects on frame stability. Indeed, in case of large lateral
features
deformation the vertical gravity loads can act on the deformed
configuration of the structure so that to increase the level the overall
Calculation
models and deformation and force distribution in the structure thus leading to
code potential collapse in a sidesway mode under seismic condition
requirements
for beam-to-
column joints
Calculation
models and
code
requirements
for beams
and columns
Master Course
30
According to EN 1998-1, 4.4.2.2(2) second-order (P-) effects are

General
specified through a storey stability coefficient () given as:
features
Ptot d r
Calculation

models and
code
Vtot h
requirements where:
for beam-to-
column joints Ptot is the total vertical load, including the load tributary to gravity
framing, at and above the storey considered in the seismic design
Calculation situation;
models and Vtot is seismic shear at the storey under consideration;
code
requirements h is the storey height;
for beams
and columns dr is the design inter-storey drift, given by the product of elastic inter-
storey drift from analysis and the behaviour factor q (i.e. de q).
Master Course
31
General Frame instability is assumed for 0.3. If 0.1, second-order effects

features
could be neglected, whilst for 0.1 < 0.2, P- effects may be
Calculation approximately taken into account in seismic action effects through the
models and
code
following multiplier:
requirements
1
for beam-to-
column joints
1
Calculation
models and In case of MRFs it is common that the storey stability coefficient could
code
requirements exceed 0.1, owing to the lateral flexibility of this type of structural
for beams
scheme. In addition, it is typical of MRFs the need to increase the need
and columns
to increase the lateral stiffness to fulfill the stability requirements.
Master Course
32
General For full strength joints, the following overstrength criterion must be
features
applied:
Calculation Rd 1.1g ov Rfy
models and
code
requirements
for beam-to-
column joints where Rd is the resistance of the connection, Rfy is the plastic
resistance of the connected dissipative member (namely Mpl,Rd for
Calculation
models and beams in MRFs) based on the design yield stress of the material, ov is
code
requirements the material overstrength factor.
for beams
and columns
Master Course
33
General for non-dissipative joints the code is oriented to avoid inelastic

features
deformations between beams and panel zones. Indeed, EN 1998-1,
Calculation 6.6.3(6) requires that the shear strength of web panels in beam-to-
models and
code
column connections should satisfy the following expression:
requirements
for beam-to- Vwp,Ed
column joints 1.0
Vwp,Rd
Calculation
models and
code
requirements
for beams
and columns
Master Course
34
General Vwp,Ed the design shear force in the web panel due to the plastic
features
resistance of the beam:
Calculation
models and Vwp,Ed
M pl,Rd,i
code z
requirements
for beam-to-
column joints
Calculation
models and
code
requirements
for beams
and columns
Master Course
where z = db-tf, being db is the beam depth and tf the flange thickness
35
General Vwp,Rd is the shear strength of web panel, given by :

features
Calculation
models and
code
requirements 0.9 f y,wc Avc 4M pl,fc,Rd
for beam-to- Vwp,Rd Vwc,Rd Vwp,add,Rd
column joints 3 g M 0 ds
Calculation
Vwc,Rd the design plastic shear resistance of the unstiffened column web
models and
code panel and Vwc,Rd the overstrength contribution due to mechanism
requirements
for beams involving the plastic moment capacity of column flanges Mpl,fc,Rd
and columns
Master Course
36
General In MRFs with full strength full rigid joints, beams are the dissipative
features
elements of the structure.
Calculation
the code states that the the following inequalities should be verified at
models and
code the location where the formation of hinges:
requirements
for beam-to-
M Ed
column joints 1
M pl,Rd
Calculation
models and VEd
code 0.50
requirements Vpl,Rd
for beams
N Ed
and columns
0.15
Master Course
N pl,Rd
37
General In beam, shear force demand at both beam ends should be calculated
features
using capacity design principles as follows:
Calculation
models and VEd VEd,G VEd,M
code
requirements
for beam-to-
column joints
Calculation VED,G VED,G

models and
code
requirements Mpl Mpl
for beams
and columns
Master Course
VED,M = 2Mpl/L VED,M
38
General Beams should be verified as having sufficient resistance against lateral

features
and lateral torsional buckling in accordance with EN 1993, assuming
Calculation the formation of a plastic hinge at one end of the beam.
models and
code Composite slab
requirements
for beam-to-
column joints
Calculation
Beam of gravity
models and
load design frame
code Beam of MRF
requirements Stability bracing
for beams
and columns
Considering the span length of the common MRF structure, which
Master Course
ranging from 5 m to 10 m, it necessary to introduce stability bracing to

and Catastrophic Events satisfy this requirement
39
the forces acting on columns calculated by the elastic model have to be

General
amplified by the magnification coefficient , defined as:
features
M pl,Rd,i
min
Calculation M
models and Ed,i
code
requirements the columns should be verified against all resistance checks including
for beam-to- those for element stability, according to the provisions of EC3 for the
column joints most unfavourable combination of bending moments MEd, the shear
force VEd and axial forces NEd , based on the following
Calculation
models and
code M Ed M Ed,G 1.1 g ov M Ed,E
requirements
for beams
and columns
VEd VEd,G 1.1 g ov VEd,E
Master Course
N Ed N Ed,G 1.1 g ov N Ed,E
40
In addition to the member checks based on the criterion, following

General
condition should be satisfied:
features
Calculation
models and M Rc
1.3
code
requirements
M Rb
for beam-to-
column joints where:
SMRc is the sum of the design values of the moments of resistance
Calculation of the columns framing the joint.
models and
code SMRb is the sum of the design values of the moments of resistance
requirements moments of the beams framing the joint
for beams
and columns
Master Course
41
Verifications
Numerical IPE 550 IPE 550 IPE 550 IPE 550
HEM 600 HEM 600 HEM 600 HEM 600 HEM 600
models and
dynamic
IPE 550 IPE 550 IPE 550 IPE 550
properties
P- effects IPE 600 IPE 600 IPE 600 IPE 600
Beams
IPE 600 IPE 600 IPE 600 IPE 600
Columns
HEA 600 HEA 600 HEA 600 HEA 600
Connections
HEA 600 HEA 600 HEA 600 HEA 600

Damage
HEM 600
HEM 600
HEM 600
HEM 600
HEM 600
HEM 600
limitation

Master Course
42
Verifications
Numerical
IPE 550 IPE 550 IPE 550
models and
HEM 600 HEM 600 HEM 600 HEM 600 HEM 600 HEM 600
dynamic
properties
IPE 550 IPE 550 IPE 550
P- effects
IPE 600 IPE 600 IPE 600
Beams
IPE 600 IPE 600 IPE 600

Columns
Connections
HEA 600 HEA 600 HEA 600
Damage
limitation
HEA 600 HEA 600 HEA 600

Master Course
43
Verifications
Numerical
models and
dynamic
properties
P- effects
Beams
Columns
Connections
a) b)
Damage Numerical models of the worked example in X (a) and in Y (b) direction.
limitation

Master Course
44
Verifications
Numerical
models and
dynamic
properties
P- effects
Beams
T1 = 1.089s; M1= 0.793 T2 = 0.356s; M2=0.131
Dynamic properties in X direction
Columns
Connections
Damage
limitation

Master Course
T1 = 1.067s; M1= 0.793 T2 = 0.349s; M2=0.131
and Catastrophic Events Dynamic properties in Y direction
45
Verifications
The effects of actions included in the seismic design situation

Numerical
models and have been determined by means of a linear-elastic modal
dynamic response spectrum analysis.
properties
The first two modes have been considered because they satisfy
P- effects
the following criterion:
the sum of the effective modal masses for the modes taken into
Beams account amounts to at least 90% of the total mass of the
structure.
Columns
Connections Since the first two vibration modes in both X and Y direction
may be considered as independent (being T2 0.9T1, EN 1998-
Damage 1, 4.3.3.3.2) the SRSS (Square Root of the Sum of the Squares)
limitation
method is used to combine the modal maxima
Master Course
46
Verifications
the coefficient ranges within 0.10.2 at the lower storeys

Numerical
models and (namely those indicated in bold, which are from storey 1 to 4).
dynamic Hence, to take into account second order effects the seismic
properties effects were magnified through the relevant multiplier a , which
is calculated at each storey having > 0.1
P- effects
Beams
Columns
Connections
Damage
limitation

Master Course
47
Verifications
The beam cross sections are class 1, as defined by EN 1993:1-

Numerical
models and 1 5.6 which requires to satisfy the following conditions:
dynamic
db 2r 2tf
properties 72 for web
tw
P- effects
bf 2r tw
9 for flange
Beams tf
db 2r 2tf bf 2r tw
Columns Storey cross section 72 9
tw tf
Connections VI IPE 550 42.13 4.39
V IPE 550 42.13 4.39
Damage IV IPE 600 42.83 4.21
limitation 66.56 8.32
III IPE 600 42.83 4.21
Master Course
II HEA 600 37.38 4.66
I HEA 600 37.38 4.66
48
Verifications
flexural checks for beams belonging to MRF in X direction:

Numerical
models and Left end Right end
Storey
dynamic MEd,G MEd,E MEd i MEd,G MEd,E MEd i min
properties
(kNm) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm)
P- effects VI 59.39 110.45 169.84 4.51 55.86 102.81 158.67 4.83
V 82.89 156.86 239.75 3.20 74.49 152.34 226.84 3.38
Span A-B
Beams IV 82.60 252.84 369.95 2.61 74.68 240.38 347.87 2.78

M Ed M 283.28
IIIEd,G81.65 M Ed,E 76.722.34
412.43 1.13270.44
kNm 75.62 339.87391.40
kNm 2.47
460.10kNm
Columns
II 81.62 381.72 531.76 2.77 77.92 354.88 496.41 2.96
Connections I 76.72 339.87 460.10 3.20 81.50 312.77 434.31 3.39
2.32
VI 46.19 106.74 152.93 5.01 41.96 115.27 157.23 4.87
Damage V 57.96 163.18 221.14 3.47 58.59 168.04 226.63 3.38
Span B-C
limitation
IV 60.56 258.75 354.62 2.72 59.52 272.17 368.82 2.62
European Erasmus Mundus III 59.83 294.20 403.36 2.39 57.45 307.83 416.89 2.32
Master Course
II 62.30 383.11 514.09 2.86 56.59 411.86 542.27 2.71
65.58 340.87 450.09 3.27 52.92 369.45 469.66 3.13
I
49
Verifications
flexural checks for columns belonging to MRF in X direction:

Numerical
models and MEd,G MEd,E MEd NEd,G NEd,E NEd MNRd M N , Rd
storey
dynamic M Ed
Ed,G 1.1 g ov M Ed,E
M Ed M(kNm)
properties (kNm) (kNm) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm)
VI 59.39 110.28 410.69 65.56 30.47 162.60 3114.06 7.58
P- effects
12.06
V kNm38.24 164.55
1.13 1.1
1.25167.59
562.40 2.32 74.53
509.64
405.00 1843.28
kNm3114.06 kNm
5.54
top end
Beams IV 41.79 190.97 733.11 270.15 144.11 791.82 3114.06 4.25

N EdIII N40.52 1.1686.50
Ed,G 173.68 g ov N Ed,E
372.43 1194.82 3114.06 4.54
221.10
Columns
590.11 kN 189.13
II 41.54 1.13 1.1 1.25476.27
751.98 2.32322.09
410.72
1686.15
2065.89
kN3114.06 4.14kN
Connections I 31.91 115.02 445.20 578.91 410.72 2054.69 3114.06 6.99
VI 44.65 45.37 189.17 75.37 30.47 172.41 3114.06 16.46
Damage V 40.81 97.71 352.04 177.40 74.53 414.80 3114.06 8.85
bottom end
limitation
IV 41.13 142.34 556.43 279.95 144.11 801.63 3114.06 5.60
Master Course III 40.08 213.96 835.91 382.24 221.10 1204.62 3114.06 3.73
Sustainable Constructions II 44.81 240.19 947.06 486.08 322.09 1695.95 3114.06 3.29
and Catastrophic Events I 12.06 509.64 1843.28 590.11 410.72 2065.89 3114.06 1.69
50
Verifications
Local hierarchy criterion for external and inner columns in X

Numerical
models and direction:
M 2 M 2 3114.06kNm 6228.12kNm
dynamic
properties Rc Rc
P- effects
M 2 M 2 1471.25kNm 2942.5kNm
Rb Rb
M M 2.12
External joints (Vertical A) Inner joints (Vertical B)
Beams
Rc
M 1.3 M M
storey
M(kNm) (kN) M (kNm) (kNm) (kNm) M

Rc Rb RcM M Rc M
Rb, left side Rb, right side Rc
Columns
Rb Rb Rb
Connections VI 766.43 4.06 766.43 766.43 2.03

V 766.43 8.13 965.80 965.80 4.06
Damage
limitation
IV 965.80 6.45 1471.25 1471.25 3.22
3114.06 3114.06
III 965.80 6.45 766.43 766.43 3.22
Master Course II 1471.25 4.23 965.80 965.80 2.12
I 1471.25 4.23 1471.25 1471.25 2.12
51
Verifications
Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections

Numerical
models and external joint:

dynamic
properties M 766.43
2603.98kN
pl,Rd,i
Vwp,Ed
z 0.550 0.0172
P- effects
0.9 f y,wc Avc 0.9 275 103 0.01537
Vwp,Rd 2196.28kN
Beams 3 g M 0 3
Columns Vwp,Rd Vwp,Ed additional web plates are required
the minimum thickness of supplementary web plate is given by:
Connections
Vwp,Rd 2603.98kN
Damage
fy
limitation 2196.28kN tp d wc 0.9 2603.98kN
3
Master Course
being d wc the column web depth
t p 4.44mm t p 5mm 1 plate 5mm thick
52
Verifications
Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections

Numerical
models and Strengthening solutions
dynamic
properties
P- effects
Beams
Columns
Connections
Damage
limitation

Master Course
53
Verifications
In the calculation example ductile non-structural elements have

Numerical
models and been hypothesized. Hence, the intestorey drift limit to be
dynamic satisfied is equal to 0.75%h. Moreover, for what concerns the
properties displacement reduction factor , it was assumed the
recommended value that is = 0.5 (being the structure
P- effects
calculated in the numerical example belonging to class II)
Beams 0.12m
Columns
Connections
Damage
limitation max= 0.71%

Master Course
b) 54
Thank you
for your attention
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/suscos

TU7 - Design and Verification of A Steel Moment Resisting Frame

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TU7 - Design and Verification of A Steel Moment Resisting Frame

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2C09

Design for seismic

1. Design and verification of a steel moment

3. Assignment: Design and verification of a steel

European Erasmus Mundus

European Erasmus Mundus

Building The case study is a six storey residential building

European Erasmus Mundus

Building Structural plan and configuration of the MRFs

European Erasmus Mundus

composite slabs with profiled steel sheetings are adopted to

European Erasmus Mundus

In order to avoid the composite action, the shear connectors

European Erasmus Mundus

Disconnecting the slab from the beam around the column is

European Erasmus Mundus

Apart from the seismic recommendations, the structural safety

European Erasmus Mundus

It is well known that the standard nominal yield stress fy is the

a) the actual maximum yield strength fy,max of the steel of dissipative

Materials Grade fy ft gM gov E

European Erasmus Mundus

European Erasmus Mundus

European Erasmus Mundus S = 1.15, TB = 0.20 s , TC = 0.60 s and TD = 2.00 s.

behaviour factor q was assigned according to EN 1998-1 (6.3.2) as

Type of variable actions 2i Ei

Seismic weights and masses in the worked example

Normative Storey Gk Qk Seismic Weight Seismic Mass

European Erasmus Mundus

Basic principles of conceptual design

MRFs are mainly located along the perimeter of the building.

- The structure has rigid in plan diaphragms.

European Erasmus Mundus

European Erasmus Mundus

damage limitation requirement is expressed by the following Equation:

European Erasmus Mundus

According to EN 1998-1 4.3.4, If the analysis for the design seismic

In this Tutorial two separate calculation 2D planar models in the two

In 3D model, in order to account for accidental torsional effects the

In planar models, If the analysis is performed using two planar models,

An important aspect to be taken into account is the influence of second

According to EN 1998-1, 4.4.2.2(2) second-order (P-) effects are

General Frame instability is assumed for 0.3. If 0.1, second-order effects

General for non-dissipative joints the code is oriented to avoid inelastic

General Vwp,Rd is the shear strength of web panel, given by :

Calculation VED,G VED,G

General Beams should be verified as having sufficient resistance against lateral

ranging from 5 m to 10 m, it necessary to introduce stability bracing to

the forces acting on columns calculated by the elastic model have to be

In addition to the member checks based on the criterion, following

Numerical IPE 550 IPE 550 IPE 550 IPE 550

P- effects IPE 600 IPE 600 IPE 600 IPE 600

HEA 600 HEA 600 HEA 600 HEA 600

European Erasmus Mundus

IPE 600 IPE 600 IPE 600

European Erasmus Mundus

European Erasmus Mundus

European Erasmus Mundus

The effects of actions included in the seismic design situation

the coefficient ranges within 0.10.2 at the lower storeys

European Erasmus Mundus

The beam cross sections are class 1, as defined by EN 1993:1-

flexural checks for beams belonging to MRF in X direction: