QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 1

Part 09: Recycled Aggregate for Roadworks

9 RECYCLED AGGREGATE FOR ROADWORKS ................................................................... 2

9.1 GENERAL ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
9.1.1 Scope 2
9.1.2 References 2
9.1.3 Definitions 3
9.2 SOURCE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
9.3 APPLICATIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
9.4 RECYCLED AGGREGATE FOR EARTH WORKS RELATED TO ROADS ------------ 4

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9.4.1 Requirements of Materials 4

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9.4.2 Compaction of Fill Material 5
9.5 RECYCLED AGGREGATE FOR SUB-BASE MATERIAL ---------------------------------- 5

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9.6 RECEYCLED AGGREGATE FOR BASE MATERIAL OF MINOR ROADS IN
VILLAGE AREAS AND TEMPORARY ROADS ----------------------------------------------- 6

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QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 2
Part 09: Recycled Aggregate for Roadworks

9 RECYCLED AGGREGATE FOR ROADWORKS

9.1 GENERAL

9.1.1 Scope

1 The conditions of this part cover the requirements of recycled aggregate obtained from
demolition and excavation waste for use in roadworks.

2 Related Parts are:

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Part 1, General

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Part 3, Earthworks

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Part 4, Unbound Pavement Materials

9.1.2 References

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1 The following standards are referred to in this Part :

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ASTM C88 ..................Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of
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Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
ASTM C131 ................Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size
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Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles
Machine
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BS EN 933 Part 1 .......Determination of particle size distribution - Sieving method

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Aggregates
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ASTM C535 ................Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size

Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles
Machine
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BS 1377 Part 4 ...........Methods of test for Compaction-related tests, California Bearing Ratio
(CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
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ASTM D2419 ..............Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine
Aggregate
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BS 1377 Part 3 ...........Standard Test Methods for Classification tests, Liquid Limit, Plastic
Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
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BS EN 933 Part 3. ......Methods of test for Determination of particle shape - Flakiness index
BS EN 933 Part 4. ......Methods of test for Determination of particle shape - Shape index
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BS EN 933 Part 5 .......Methods of test for Determination of percentage of crushed and

broken surfaces in coarse aggregate particles.
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BS 1377 Part 3 ...........Methods of test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes: Chemical and
electro-chemical tests
BS EN 933-11:2009 ...Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Classification test for
the constituents of coarse recycled aggregate
BS EN 1097-2:2010...Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates. Methods
for the determination of resistance to fragmentation
QS 29 / 2012 ..............The general Conditions For Recycled Aggregate Obtained From
Building Demolition
QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 3
Part 09: Recycled Aggregate for Roadworks

9.1.3 Definitions

1 Demolition Waste: Waste Material obtained from Excavated and/or demolished concrete
structures.

2 Concrete Demolition Waste : Waste Produced by demolition of concrete structures in

general.

3 Demolition Waste from Hard Concrete : Waste obtained from demolition of hard concrete
members such as columns, foundations and other mass concrete blocks.

4 Excavation Waste : Waste obtained from excavated materials.

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5 Mixed Demolition Waste : Waste material obtained from both excavated and demolished
concrete structures.

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6 Mixed Aggregate : Recycled fine and coarse Aggregate combined together.

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7 Recycled Aggregate: a materials produced by the reprocessing of reclaimed construction
and demolition waste. These include but are not limited to asphalt planings (i.e. the asphalt

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layers of roads removed during roadworks, also known as RAP Reclaimed Asphalt

9.2 SOURCE
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Pavement), fill, selected fill, granular subbase and rock from construction excavations.
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1 The debris pieces of blocks collected from road demolitions in various places should be
stock piled at suitable location where different types of materials can be separated.
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2 The clean, tough, hard, durable, free from organic material and uncoated particles containing
no harmful materials in quantities sufficient to adversely affect construction works shall be
stock piled separately according to the required nominal sizes. The material free from pieces
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of steel, plastic and wood.

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3 The sources of aggregate should be regularly and thoroughly investigated to ensure the
quality of material is satisfactory. The aggregate shall be non-plastic and chemically stable.
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9.3 APPLICATIONS
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1 Carefully selected recycled aggregate can be used in many applications as shown below.
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(a) For Non-structural Concrete (Grade SRC 20) for backing of kerbs, channels, edging
and quadrant in road work.
(b) For manufacture of Hollow & Solid Blocks and Paving blocks for pedestrians.
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(c) For Earth works related to roads.

(d) For Aggregate of sub-base materials.
(e) For Minor Roads of village areas and temporary roads.

2 Recycled materials from construction or a construction process, or from existing pavement

layers shall be separated according to type for processing. The separate processed
materials shall be stored in stockpiles of no greater than 4000 tons and quarantined for
testing and approval by the Engineer prior to use.
QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 4
Part 09: Recycled Aggregate for Roadworks

3 Samples shall be taken of the recycled aggregate constituents for classification by hand-
sorting the coarse aggregate particles in accordance with BS EN 933-11. The test shall be
carried out by a suitably trained laboratory technician who has demonstrated competence in
classifying the constituent classes in accordance with the test method.

4 Testing frequency shall be according to parts 3 and 4 of this section unless otherwise stated
by the Engineer.

5 Recycled aggregate shall be free from non-aggregate constituents such organics and shall
have a minimum amount of deleterious material which may affect its reuse.

6 The Percentage use of recycled aggregate shall not exceed the following:

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(a) A maximum of 50% of recycled fine, and/or coarse and/or mixed aggregates whether

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obtained from Concrete or mixed waste can be used for concrete works of less than

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20 MPa strength or any other construction works but not for asphalt layers.
(b) It is not allowed to use recycled Aggregate obtained from concrete or mixed demolition

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wastes in asphalt mixes. Only Recycled Aggregate from excavated material can be
used in asphalt mixes.

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(c) A maximum of 100% of recycled aggregate obtained from excavated material can be

9.4
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used in any of the above mentioned construction works.

RECYCLED AGGREGATE FOR EARTH WORKS RELATED TO ROADS

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9.4.1 Requirements of Materials

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1 Recycled material shall be tested according to the relevant parts of BS 1377 and shall be
within the limits of following table:
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Table 17.5
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Specifications of Recycled Aggregate for use in

Earth Works Related to Roads
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General Fill
Selected Fill
Requirement (Filling on low level
( Sub-grade)
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areas)
Grading Standard Standard
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Particle Size Less than 75mm Less than 75mm

Organic Material (%) 2 max 2 max
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Liquid Limit (%) 40 max 35max

Plasticity Index (%) 11 max 10 max
Material Passing 0.075 mm (%) 40 max 35 max
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Water Soluble Salts (%) 5 max 5 max

Acid Soluble Salts (%) 10 max 10 max
Soaked CBR Value - More than 15
Swell (%) - 2 max
Tree and Plant Stumps Free Free
Perishable Materials Free Free
Materials Subject to Spontaneous
Free Free
Combustion
Material From Sabkha and Marshes Free Free
QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 5
Part 09: Recycled Aggregate for Roadworks

9.4.2 Compaction of Fill Material

1 All Fill materials shall be placed in loose layers within the effective range of compaction of
the approved plant. The maximum permissible loose layer thickness shall be limited to
200mm.

2 The fill material shall be watered and mixed as necessary to ensure that prior to compaction,
the moisture content of the whole layer 3% of the optimum moisture content obtained at the
laboratory compaction test (LCT). The compaction of layer shall continue until a density of at
least 95% of the maximum dry density of LCT.

3 No layer shall be covered by the next layer until it has been tested, inspected and approved

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by the Engineer.

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9.5 RECYCLED AGGREGATE FOR SUB-BASE MATERIAL

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1 The following table illustrates the material requirements for unbound materials for roadworks.

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Table 17.6

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Requirements of Recycled Aggregate for Roadworks Unbound Layers

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Raw Materials Production
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Requirement Aggregate
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Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate

Sub-Base
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Grading Standard Standard Class C

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Particle Size Less than 4.75mm More than 4.75mm

OR Less Than 4.0mm More than 4.0mm
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Organic Material (%) 0.5 max Free Free

Liquid Limit (%) material
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passing 0.425 or 0.500mm 25 max 25 max
Plasticity Index (%)material
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passing 0.425 or 0.500mm 6 max 6 max

MaterialPassing0.075mm (%) - - -
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Water Soluble Chlorides (%) - 1.0 max 1.0 max

Acid Soluble Chlorides (%) - 2.0 max 2.0 max
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Water Soluble Sulphates (%) - 1.5 max 1.5 max

Acid Soluble Sulphates SO 3(%) - 3.0 max 3.0 max
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Soaked CBR Value - - 80 min

Swell (%) - - 1.0 max
Tree and Plant Stumps - Free Free
Perishable Marshes - Free Free
Materials subject to
- Free Free
Spontaneous combustion
Material from Sabkha and
- Free Free
Marshes
Clay Balls Free Free Free
Ratio of Passing 0.075mm &
66 - -
0.425mm (%)
Flakiness Index (%) - 35 max 35 max
QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 6
Part 09: Recycled Aggregate for Roadworks

Raw Materials Production

Requirement Aggregate
Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate
Sub-Base

Elongation Index (%) - 40 max 40 max

Los Angeles Abrasion (%) - 40 max 40 max
Soundness - magnesium
- 20 max 20 max
sulphates, 5 cycles (%)
Sand Equivalent Value - - 25 min

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2 Mix Designs

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(a) The recycled aggregate shall be used in aggregate sub-base and base courses. The
fine and course aggregate shall be combined proportionately in order to achieve the
following class of grading:

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Table 17.7

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Gradation of Recycled Aggregate for use in Subbase Layers
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BS EN Sieve (mm) ASTM Sieve (mm) (by Weight)
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Class C
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63.0 63.0 -
- 50.0 -
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40.0 37.5 -
- 25.0 100
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20.0 19 90-100
10.0 9.5 50-85
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4.0 4.75 35-65

2.0 2.36 25-50
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0.500 0.425 15-30

0.063 0.075 5-15
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3 Screening and Mixing

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(a) Screening is required for recycled materials used in the road base and sub base to
ensure that the designated gradation is attained.
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(b) Central Mixing plant is required for the mixing of materials.

9.6 RECEYCLED AGGREGATE FOR BASE MATERIAL OF MINOR ROADS IN

VILLAGE AREAS AND TEMPORARY ROADS

1 Recycled Aggregate for use in Asphalt layers of temporary and minor roads in village areas
shall be reclaimed from excavated natural soil which is mechanically and chemically stable
and of specifications in the following table:
QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 7
Part 09: Recycled Aggregate for Roadworks

Table 17.9
Specification of Recycled Aggregate for use in
Asphalt Layers for Village and Temporary Roads
Recycled Aggregate
Requirement
Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate
Grading Standard Standard
Particle Size Less than 2.36 mm More than 2.36mm
Organic Material - including wood and materials
0.5 max 0.5 max
prone to disintegration (%)
Water Absorption Saturated surface dry (%) 2.0 max

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Liquid Limit - -

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Plasticity Index (%) 4 max -

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MaterialPassing0.075mm (%) - -
Acid Soluble Chlorides (%) 2.0 max 2.0 max

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Acid Soluble Sulphates SO 3 (%) 3.0 max 3.0 max
Materials subject to Spontaneous combustion - Free

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Materials from Sabkha and Marshes - Free
Clay Balls
Flakiness Index (%)
Elongation Index (%)
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Free
35 max
40 max
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Los Angeles Abrasion (%) - 40 max
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Crushing Value (%) 25 max

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Soundness - magnesium sulphates, 5 cycles (%) 18 max

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Sand Equivalent Value 30 min -

2 The different sizes of material shall be separated by screening and re-combined together to
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produce the all-in Recycled crushed aggregate, which shall achieve the following grading
limits :
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Table17.8
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Gradation of Recycled Crushed Aggregate for use in

Asphalt Layers for Village and Temporary Roads
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BS EN Sieve (mm) BS Sieve (mm) Percentage Passing (by weight)

63.0 50.0 100
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40.0 37.5 95-100

20.0 19.0 60-80
10.0 9.5 40-60
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4.0 4.75 25-40

2.0 2.36 15-30
0.500 0.600 8-22
0.063 0.075 5-12

3 Recycled aggregate for use in Asphalt layers of minor roads in village areas and temporary
roads shall be nonplastic.

4 The material shall wet during transporting and spreading in order to avoid segregation.

END OF PART