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Topic: Smog Affects Our Health

Name: Thang Muan Piang


Date: 02, 16, 2017
Subject: Com-Arts 2
Section: TTH 13:00 -14:30
A. Cause
We, as humans, can live a few days without food and water, but can only live a few
minutes without air. The fact that an active adult inhales 10,000 to 20,000 liters of air
each day, or 7 to 14 liters every minute, highlights a critical point in the fight for clean
air. In the words of Michael Ozil (10)

While the effects of smog vary according to factors such as age, state of health, time of
exposure, and dosage, the general symptoms include coughing, sneezing, headaches,
tiredness, irritation, nausea, and hoarseness of the throat, nose, and eyes, and
constrictions of the chest. These effects are all considered to be short-term in that once
exposure ceases, the symptoms are no longer present. However, in most cases, it is the
long-term effects of air pollutants that bring the greatest concerns, since these effects are
often the most severe.
1. Coal
Coal fires, used to heat individual buildings or in a power-producing plant, can emit
significant clouds of smoke that contributes to smog. According to Sheydar Malik (9):
Air pollution from this source has been report in England since the Middle Ages. London,
in particular, was notorious up through the mid-20th century for it coal-caused smogs, which were
nicknamed pea-soupers. Air pollution of this type is still a problem in areas that generate
significant smoke from burning coal, as witnessed by the 2013 autumnal smog in Harbin, China,
which closed roads, schools, and the airport.
Smog is a common problem in many large urban areas where human activity gives rise to
particulates in the air. It can be exacerbated significantly by weather conditions (e.g. temperature
inversions) and a local geography (e.g. surrounding mountains) that can prevent particulates
from being disbursed naturally by winds. According to Robert Self (3:48): Coal burning was the
major cause of smog in years prior to the 1960s, today it is more closely associated with
automobile and industrial emissions that interact frequently to create the particles that cause
smog.
2. Transportation Emissions
Traffic emissions such as from trucks, buses, and automobiles also contribute. Airborne
by products from vehicle exhaust systems cause air pollution and are a major ingredient in the
creation of smog in some large cities. According to Tony Alether (1:62): These molecules react
with sunlight, heat, ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to form the noxious vapors,
ground level ozone, and particles that comprise smog.

The sources of pollution include emissions from on road vehicles, non-road vehicles like
planes, ships and trains, industries, and even small businesses and households where polluting
products ae used. According to Ryan Harme Ojeba (5:78): Nitrogen oxides are produced when
fossil fuels are burned in motor vehicles, power plants, furnaces and turbines. Carbon monoxide
is a by-product of combustion that comes almost entirely from motor vehicles. Fine particulates,
which are emitted directly as smoke and diesel soot and form in the air out of nitrogen oxides
and sulfur oxides, obscure visibility and can be inhaled deep into the lungs.

3. Natural Causes
An erupting volcano can also emit high levels of Sulphur dioxide along with a large quantity
of particulate matter; two key components to the creation of smog. However, the smog created as
a result of a volcanic eruption is often known as vog to distinguish it as a natural occurrence.
According to Dougles Bernstein (2:47): The radiocarbon content of some plant life has been
linked to the distribution of smog in some areas. For example, the creosote bush in the Los
Angeles area has been shown to have an effect on smog distribution that is more than fossil fuel
combustion alone.
The important thing to understand about natural sources of smog is that this kind of
pollution is spread out over large distances and rarely, if ever, reaches harmful pollution levels
except in volcanic eruptions.

Reference: http://www.quora.com/Smog-affect-our-health
B. Effects of Smog from Human Body and Environment
We all know that outdoor aerobic exercises like running and biking are good for your health.
But during the hottest days of summer. Its not just excess heat we have to worry about, but
smog, the concentrated air pollution you can often see hovering over the cityscape. According to
Willian Deaney (internet,6): During the hot summer months, smog can become a serious health
problem in the Boston area. We are often downwind from the Midwests coal-fired power plants
as well as the East Coasts major cities.
Paraphrase: Depending upon various factors, including location, season, and source of
generation, the price an entity pays for a given amount of energy can vary. Typically, the price
would account for all costs incurred within the value chain-research and development, design,
production, marketing, distribution, and customer services-plus a markup. According to Philip
Koh (Internet,8): All these air pollutants are responsible for adverse effects in both humans and
plants and on materials and aesthetics, as well as the negative impacts on the environment,
namely acid rain.

Reference: http://nypost.com/how-to-prevented-from-smog-effects

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