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Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR
Contents
1 Theory 3
2 Apparatus 4
3 Observations 4
3.1 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2 Finding wavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3 Spacing of Etalon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 References 6
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Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR
1 Theory
The heart of the FabryProt interferometer is a pair of partially reflective glass optical flats
spaced micrometers to centimeters apart, with the reflective surfaces facing each other.As the
name suggest ,it uses phenomenon of interference in which light rays interfere constructively
or destructevily depends upon the path difference or phase difference.A light ray emmited
from any source point when enter in first plate,it will get reflected and transmitted from the
second plate whics is partially reflective.The transmitted ray again reflected act as second
source point and that ray again reflect and transmit ,so this process continues.And the
reflected ,transmitted ray interfere and give the resultant intensity on the screen.The effect
is same for each point on any circle of any particular radius thats why we will get circular
pattern.
Any no. of rays which has been imerged from same ray will get interfere with the copies of
same rays having different intensities.The no of reflection is directly proportional to sharpness
of the pattern we found. Let the monochromatic source used be of wavelength , with an
incidence angle at the surface and let n be the refractive index of the cavity inside. Then,
the optical phase difference
2ntcos
=
where =the phase difference between two beams
n=refractive index of the medium of Etalon=1(for Air medium in our setup)
d=distance between the two plates of the Etalon
=angle of incidence
=wavelength of the monochromatic light
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Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR
For having max intensity the phase difference must be equal to integer multiple of and
also for aproxmately normal incidence cos approxmately equal to one. So the equation is
2d
N=
The formula to find the spacing between Etalon is
2
nD2
t=
n
where n 2 is the difference of square of radius of n consecutive rings. The image on screen
looks like
2 Apparatus
Fabry-Perot Interferometer setup,Two monochromatic laser sourses(Red and Green) etc
3 Observations
3.1 Calibration
Red()=650nm(given)
No of fringes (N)=20
20 650 109
=
2 0.21 103
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Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR
= 0.031
average difference=0.17mm
N
=
2d
Wavelength of the laser light() = (2d)/N
D=36.7cm
n = 3 (chosen)
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Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR
4 References
1.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabry
2.Ajoy Ghatak(optics)
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