Autism

Psychological symptoms

Children with autism have difficulty understanding unspoken social cues.

Some people with autism also might have difficulty regulating their emotions;
they may tend to be physically aggressive or prone to loss of control, particularly
when they are frustrated or in an overwhelming environment. They may break
things, pull their hair, and hurt themselves or others.

Children do not respond to their parents affectionate behavior

lack of confidence and low self-esteem.

For many it leads to high anxiety, depression and mental health issues.

tendency to do things to hurt themselves, such as banging their heads or biting their hands.

Huntington
Causes
Huntington's Disease affects someone's
ability to think, talk and move by
destroying cells in the basal ganglia, the
part of the brain that controls these
capacities. Caused by a gene mutation
that leads to a toxic accumulation of
protein in the brain, Huntington's is
inherited from either one or both parents.
 Functions of basal ganglia include
regulating information, and involvement in
mood, cognition, and motor skill.
Neurologic effects

The neurological effect associated with Huntington's disease

can include both involuntary movements and impairments in
voluntary movements:

Involuntary jerking or writhing movements (chorea)

Muscle problems, such as rigidity or muscle contracture

(dystonia)

Slow or abnormal eye movements

Impaired gait, posture and balance

Difficulty with the physical production of speech or

swallowing

Impairments in voluntary movements rather than the

involuntary movements may have a greater impact on a
person's ability to work, perform daily activities,
communicate and remain independent.

Psychological effects

Psychotic symptoms reflect a loss of touch with reality.

Symptoms can include seeing, hearing, smelling, or tasting
things that are not there (hallucinations)

Difficulty organizing, prioritizing or focusing on tasks

Lack of flexibility or the tendency to get stuck on a thought,

behaviour or action (perseveration)
 Lack of impulse control that can result in outbursts, acting
without thinking

Lack of awareness of one's own behaviours and abilities

Slowness in processing thoughts or ''finding'' words

Difficulty in learning new information

Parkinson disease

causes
Parkinson's disease is caused by the degeneration of a small part of the brain
called the substantia nigra. As brain cells in the substantia nigra die, the
brain becomes deprived of the chemical dopamine or increased level of
acetyl cohline.

According to the National Parkinson Foundation, 60 to 80% of dopamine-

producing cells are lost before the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
appear.

Dopamine enables brain cells involved in movement control to communicate,

and reduced levels of dopamine lead to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Neurologic

Bradykinesia (slowness of movement) loss of spontaneous and

voluntary movement

Rigidity unusual stiffness in a limb or other body part

Resting tremor an uncontrollable movement that affects a limb

when it is at rest and stops for the duration of a voluntary
movement

Postural instability problems with standing or walking, or impaired

balance and coordination

Other physical symptoms, such as gait problems and reduced facial

expression, may also occur due to the same disruption of movement
that causes the better-known tremor and slowness

Psychological

Cognitive impairment decline in ability to multi-task and/or

concentrate and potentially decline in intellectual functioning
 Mood disorders depression and anxiety

Problems sleeping REM Sleep Disorder, where individuals act out

their dreams

Low blood pressure when standing

Constipation

Speech and swallowing problems

Unexplained pains, drooling and smell loss