2014 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions Section II

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Section I 2 2
2 2 2
Q11a x + 6 x + + 9 = 0 where x 0 , x + 3 = 0 ,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x x x
D A C D B B A D C C 2
x + 3 = 0 , x 2 3x + 2 = 0 , ( x 1)(x 2) = 0 .: x = 1, 2
Q1 AOB = 40 2 = 80 D x

Q2 cos x sin x = A cos(x + b ) = A cos x cos b A sin x sin b Q11b n = 30 , p = 0.1

.: A cos b = 1 and A sin b = 1 , .: tan b = 1 , b =

and A = 2 A Pr ( X 2) = Pr( X = 0) + Pr ( X = 1) + Pr( X = 2)
4 30 30 30
3
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )(
= 0.10 0.9 30 + 0.11 0.9 29 + 0.12 0.9 28 )
12 9 5 12 0 1 2
Q3 The constant term is (2 x ) 3 = 2 9 53 C
3 x 3
Q11c
Q4

tan tan 1 3
= , tan = tan( ) = = =2 D
1 + tan tan 1 3
Q5 Let , and be the roots.
= 42 , .: either B or D. + + = 41 , .: B B

d 1 x 3
Q6 3 sin = B
dx 2 4 x2
dx du 1
Q11d Let x = u 2 + 1 , x 1 = u 2 , == 2u , =
Q7 Period 6 and amplitude 5: du dx 2u
5 When x = 2 , u = 1 ; when x = 5 , u = 2
x = 5 sin t , v = x& = cos t A 2
3 3 3 x 5 u +1 du
5 5
( )
2
2 x 1 dx = 2 u dx = 22 u + 1 dx dx = 21 u + 1 du
2 2
( )
15 15! 15!
Q8 5 ! = 5! = D 2
6 9 !6 ! 9 !6 u3 20
= 2 + u =
3 1 3
( )
Q9 P( x ) = x 4 8 x 3 7 x 2 + 3 = x 2 + x Q(x ) + ax + 3
P( 1) = 1 + 8 7 + 3 = a + 3 , .: a = 2 C x2 + 5
Q11e > 6 , .: x > 0 and x 2 6 x + 5 > 0 ,
Q10 x
(x 1)(x 5) > 0 , .: 0 < x < 1 or x > 5

1
x e x . + e x ln x e x ln x
d e x ln x
=
x
Q11f
dx x x2
e x (1 ln x + x ln x )
=
x2
O (0, 0) is equidistant from the two points (a b, b + a ) and
(a + b, b a ) , .: the locus of points (x, y ) is a perpendicular
bisector of the line joining the two points and passes through O.
Gradient of the line joining the two points
=
(b a ) (b + a ) = a
(a + b ) (a b ) b
b
.: gradient of perpendicular bisector =
a
b
.: the equation is y = x , i.e. bx ay = 0 C
a 1
2014 itute.com 2014 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions
 Q13a Prove 2 n + ( 1) is divisible by 3, i.e. 2 n + ( 1)
Q12ai x = 2 sin 3t , at the start, i.e. t = 0 , x = 0 , the origin. n +1 n +1
= 3m
When it first returns to the origin, the total distance travelled where m and n are integers and n 1 .
= 2 + 2 = 4 metres
When n = 1 , 21 + ( 1)
1+1
= 3 = 3 1 , .: true
When n = k , assume 2 k + ( 1)
k +1
Q12aii v = x& = 6 cos 3t , a = v& = 18 sin 3t = 3m is true.
Consider n = k + 1 ,
The particle is first at rest when 3t = , .: a = 18 m s-2
2 2 k +1 + ( 1)
k +1+1
= 2 2 k + ( 1)( 1)
k +1
= 2 2 k + (2 3)( 1)
k +1

= 2 2 k + 2( 1)
k +1
3( 1)
k +1
(
= 2 2 k + ( 1)
k +1
) 3( 1)
k +1

8

8


8
k +1
(
= 2(3m ) 3( 1) = 3 2m ( 1) , .: true
k +1
)
Q12b Volume = y 2 dx = cos 2 4 x dx = (cos 8x + 1)dx
2 Hence it is true for all integers n 1 .
0 0 0

sin 8 x 8
2
d 2 d 2 dL
=
2 8
+ x = = cubic units Q13bi L2 = x 2 + 402 , L = (
x + 40 2 , 2 L = 2x )
0 2 8 16 dx dx dx
dL x dL
= , .: = cos
Q12c &x& = 2 e
x
2
. Let
d ( v )= 2e
1
2
2
x
2
dx L dx
dx
dL dx dL
v = 2 e 2 dx = 2 x + 2e 2 + c
1 2 x x Q13bii = = 3 cos
.: dt dt dx
2
When x = 0 , v = 4 , .: c = 6 and .: v 2 = 4 x + e 2 + 3
x
Q13ci PQ : QS = t 2 : 1

t 2 0 + 1 2at 2at
Point Q , x coordinate = = 2
Q12d Use the binomial theorem to expand t2 +1 t +1
(x + 1)n = x 0 + x + x 2 + L + x n , x R
n n n n t 2 a + 1 at 2 2at 2
y coordinate = = 2
0 1 2 n t2 +1 t +1
Let x = 1 ,
2 at 2
( 1 + 1)n = ( 1)0 + ( 1) + ( 1)2 + L + ( 1)n
n n n n t 2 +1
Q13cii Slope of OQ = 2 at
=t
0
1
2
n t 2 +1
n n n n n
.: 0 = + L + ( 1)
0 1 2 n Q13ciii Let (x, y ) be Q .
y
From part ii, slope of OQ = t = where x 0
Q12e x
2at y
Eliminate t from x = 2 and t = :
t +1 x
2a yx 2axy
x= 2 , x= 2 , .: x + y = 2ay , x 2 + y 2 2ay = 0
2 2

()
y
x +1 x + y 2

Completing the square: x 2 + y 2 2ay + a 2 = a 2 ,

x 2 + ( y a ) = a 2 , .: the locus of Q is a circle centred at (0, a )
2

with radius of a units.

x1 is closer to than x2 .
Q13di BAC + PQB = 180 (Sum of opposite angles of a
Q12f T = A Be 0.03t , T 23C as t , .: A = 23 and cyclic quadrilateral.
T = 23 Be 0.03t . CQP + PQB = 180 (Supplementary angles)
T = 2C at t = 0 , .: B = 21 and T = 23 21e 0.03t .: BAC = CQP
When T = 10C , 10 = 23 21e 0.03t , 21e 0.03t = 13
Q13dii CPR = OPA (Vertically opposite angles)
13
.: 0.03t = log e , t 16 , .: it takes 16 minutes approximately. OPA = BAC (Equal angles of isosceles triangle)
21
BAC = CQP from part i.
.: CPR = CQP
This result indicates that the line OP is a tangent to the circle
through P, Q and C, yielding equal angles in alternate segments.

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2014 itute.com 2014 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions
 x Q14bii Pr ( A wins eventually)
Q14ai x = Vt cos .: t =
V cos = Pr (first win or second win or third win or L)
2
1 1 x x = p + rq + rrp + rrrq + rrrrp + rrrrrq + L
y = gt 2 + Vt sin .: y = g +V sin
2 2 V cos V cos = ( p + rq ) + ( p + rq )r 2 + ( p + rq )r 4 + L
p + rq (1 r )( p + r ) p + r
2
gx
.: y = x tan sec 2 = = =
2V 2 1 r2 (1 r )(1 + r ) 1 + r
Q14aii The angle between the downslope OP and the
gx 2
horizontal is , .: y = x and .: x tan sec 2 = x
4 2V 2
Please inform mathline@itute.com re conceptual
gx 2 gx
sec 2 x(1 + tan ) = 0 , .: x 2 sec 2 (1 + tan ) = 0 and/or mathematical errors.
2V 2 2V
gx 2V (1 + tan )
2
.: at point P, sec 2 = (1 + tan ) , x =
2V 2 g sec 2
x 2 2 V 2 (1 + tan )
= cos , .: D = 2 x =
D 4 g sec 2
2 2V2
D=
g
(
cos 2 + tan cos 2 )
2 2V2
.: D = cos (cos + sin )
g

Q14aiii
dD 2 2 V 2
= ( sin (cos + sin ) + cos ( sin + cos ))
d g
2 2V2
=
g
(
cos 2 sin 2 2 sin cos )
2 2V2
= (cos 2 sin 2 )
g

Q14aiv
dD 2 2 V 2
Let = (cos 2 sin 2 ) = 0 where 0 <
d g 2

.: cos 2 sin 2 = 0 and .:
4

.: tan 2 = 1 , 2 = ,=
4 8

d 2D 2 2 V 2
= ( 2 sin 2 2 cos 2 )
d 2 g
4 2V2
= (sin 2 + cos 2 )
g
d 2D
When = , < 0 , .: D has a maximum values.
8 d 2

Q14bi Winning on the second turn occurs when player A spins

R on their first turn and player B loses on the second turn.
.: Pr (first win or second win )
= Pr (first win ) + Pr (second win )
= p + rq = p + r (1 r p ) = (1 r )( p + r )

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2014 itute.com 2014 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions