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F-test's for Different Purposes

1. F-test for testing equality of variance is used to test the hypothesis of equality of two
population variances. The example considered above requires the application of this
test.

2. F-test for testing equality of several means. Test for equality of several means is
carried out by the technique named ANOVA.

For example suppose that the efficacy of a drug is sought to be tested at three levels
say 100mg, 250mg and 500mg. A test is conducted among fifteen human subjects
taken at random- with five subjects being administered each level of the drug.

To test if there are significant differences among the three levels of the drug in terms
of efficacy, the ANOVA technique has to be applied. The test used for this purpose is
the F-test.

3. F-test for testing significance of regression is used to test the significance of the
regression model. The appropriateness of the multiple regression model as a whole
can be tested by this test. A significant F indicates a linear relationship between Y and
at least one of the X's.

Assumptions
Irrespective of the type of F-test used, one assumption has to be met. The populations from
which the samples are drawn have to be normal. In the case of F-test for equality of variance,
a second assumption has to be satisfied in that the larger of the sample variances has to be
placed in the numerator of the test statistic.

Like t-test, F-test is also a small sample test and may be considered for use if sample size is <
30.

Deciding
In attempting to reach decisions, we always begin by specifying the null hypothesis against a
compledfr45mentary hypothesis called alternative hypothesis. The calculated value of the F-
test with its associated p-value is used to infer whether one has to accept or reject a null
hypothesis.

All software's provide these p-values. If the associated p-value is small i.e. (<0.05) we say
that the test is significant at 5% and one may reject the null hypothesis and accept the
alternative one.

On the other hand if associated p-value of the test is >0.05, one may accept the null
hypothesis and reject the alternative. Evidence against the null hypothesis will be considered
very strong if p-value is less than 0.01. In that case, we say that the test is significant at 1%
Uji F dikenal dengan Uji serentak atau uji Model/Uji Anova, yaitu uji untuk
melihat bagaimanakah pengaruh semua variabel bebasnya secara
bersama-sama terhadap variabel terikatnya. Atau untuk menguji apakah
model regresi yang kita buat baik/signifikan atau tidak baik/non signifikan.

Jika model signifikan maka model bisa digunakan untuk


prediksi/peramalan, sebaliknya jika non/tidak signifikan maka model
regresi tidak bisa digunakan untuk peramalan.

Uji F dapat dilakukan dengan membandingkan F hitung dengan F tabel,


jika F hitung > dari F tabel, (Ho di tolak Ha diterima) maka model
signifikan atau bisa dilihat dalam kolom signifikansi pada Anova (Olahan
dengan SPSS, Gunakan Uji Regresi dengan Metode Enter/Full Model ).
Model signifikan selama kolom signifikansi (%) < Alpha (kesiapan berbuat
salah tipe 1, yang menentukan peneliti sendiri, ilmu sosial biasanya paling
besar alpha 10%, atau 5% atau 1%). Dan sebaliknya jika F hitung < F
tabel, maka model tidak signifikan, hal ini juga ditandai nilai kolom
signifikansi (%) akan lebih besar dari alpha.

Uji t dikenal dengan uji parsial, yaitu untuk menguji bagaimana pengaruh
masing-masing variabel bebasnya secara sendiri-sendiri terhadap variabel
terikatnya. Uji ini dapat dilakukan dengan mambandingkan t hitung
dengan t tabel atau dengan melihat kolom signifikansi pada masing-
masing t hitung, proses uji t identik dengan Uji F (lihat perhitungan SPSS
pada Coefficient Regression Full Model/Enter). Atau bisa diganti dengan Uji
metode Stepwise.

Definition of F-Test Values


In analysis of variance, an F-test is used to test group variance against a null hypothesis, and
is often used to determine whether any group of trials differs significantly from an expected
value. For example, the null hypothesis could be set as the variance of two sample groups

being equal, . To test whether (sample 1 has significantly more variance

than sample 2), take the ratio and compare it to an F-test value in a table of pre-
computed critical values. To calculate the F-test value, find the degrees of freedom of each
sample and the desired confidence interval. If the calculated ratio is less than the table value,
accept the null hypothesis that the variance is not significantly different.

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