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CE 526 02: SURVEYING

AREA BY DMD

OVERVIEW:
Bearing
N
LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES:
The closure of a traverse is checked by computing the B
latitudes and departures of each of it sides. Latitude AB
The latitude of a line is its projection on the northsouth
meridian W E
The departure of a line is its projection on the east west A Departure AB
line
North has a positive latitude and south has a negative S
latitude
East has a positive departure and west has a negative departure
A northeasterly bearing has: + Latitude and + Departure

AREA BY THE DOUBLE MERIDIAN DISTANCE:

The meridian distance of a traverse line is equal to the length of a line running east to
west from the midpoint of the traverse line to a reference meridian. The reference
meridian is the meridian that passes through the most westerly traverse station.
The following rules for determining meridian distance are outlined below:

Rule 1: The DMD of the first course is equal to the departure of the course.
Rule 2: The DMD of any other course is equal to the DMD of the preceding course,
plus the departure of the course itself.
Rule 3: The DMD of the last course is numerically equal to the departure of that course,
but with the opposite sign.

SEGUNDO, JAEUS M. BSCE 5

CE 526 COMPUTER APPLICATION IN CE 1:00 2:00, FRIDAY
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If the rules have been followed correctly, the DMD of the last course will be equal to
departure of the last course with its sign changed.

The altitude is the latitude of the course, and the average of the bases of the several
courses is equal to the perpendicular distance to each course of the meridian.

SEGUNDO, JAEUS M. BSCE 5

CE 526 COMPUTER APPLICATION IN CE 1:00 2:00, FRIDAY
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ALGORITHM:

EXAMPLE: COMPUTE THE AREA USING DMD

A lot has the following dimensions and bearings:
Line Length (m) Bearing
1-2 42.48 S 3247 W
2-3 118.93 N 565 W
3-4 13.72 N 255 E
4-5 67.82 N 7338 E
5-6 57.31 S 7749 E
6-1 51.37 S 07 W

Solution:
LATITUDES = LENGTH * cos (bearing) ( 73 38 )= 65.07
LAT 12=42.48 cos ( 32 47 )=35.71 DEP4 5=67.82 sin

( 56 5 ) = 66.36 ( 77 49 ) = 56.02
LAT 23 =118.93 cos DEP56=57.31sin

( 255 )= 13.70 ( 0 7 ) =0.10

LAT 3 4=13.72 cos DEP61=51.37 sin

( 73 38 ) = 19.11 DEP=0
LAT 45=67.82 cos

( 77 49 )=12.0 9
LAT 5 6 =57.31cos

( 07 )=51.37
LAT 6 1 =51.37 cos DMD:
DMD 12=23.0 0
LAT =0
DMD 23=23.0023.0 098.69=144.6 9
DEPARTURES = LENGTH * sin DMD 34=144.6998.69+0.70=242.6 8
(bearing)
DEP12=42.48 sin ( 32 47 )=23.00 DMD 45=242.68+0.70+ 65.07=176.91

( 56 5 )=98.69 DMD 56=176.91+ 65.07 +56.02=55.82

DEP23=118.93 sin
DMD 61=55.82+56.0 20.1 0=0.1 0
( 255 )= 0.70
DEP34 =13.72 sin
2A = DMD * LAT

SEGUNDO, JAEUS M. BSCE 5

CE 526 COMPUTER APPLICATION IN CE 1:00 2:00, FRIDAY
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2 A 12=23.0 035.71=821.33 2 A 56=55.8 212.0 9=674.86

2 A 23=144.6 966.36=9601.63 2 A 61=0.1 051.37=5.14

2 A 34=242.6 813.70=3324.72
2 A= -14816.04 m2
2 A 45=176.9 119.1 1=3380.75
14816.04
AREA = = 7408.02 m2
2

SEGUNDO, JAEUS M. BSCE 5

CE 526 COMPUTER APPLICATION IN CE 1:00 2:00, FRIDAY
HOW TO PROGRAM IT IN EXCEL?

ENTER THE GIVEN DATA:

G H I J K L M N
1
2
LENGTH, DEGREE MINUTE LATITUD DEPARTUR
3 LINE
m S S E E
4 1-2 42.48 S 32 47 W ??? ???
5 2-3 118.93 N 56 5 W ??? ???
6 3-4 13.72 N 2 55 E ??? ???
7 4-5 67.82 N 73 38 E ??? ???
8 5-6 57.31 S 77 49 E ??? ???
9 6-1 51.37 S 0 7 W ??? ???

IF function: The IF function is one of the most popular functions in Excel, and it
allows you to make logical comparisons between a value and what you expect. In its
simplest form, the IF function says:

IF(statement, value if true, value if false)

So an IF statement can have two results. The first result is if your comparison is True, the
second if your comparison is False.

LATITUDE:
In row 3 column M, type: = if(i4="n",h4*cos(radians(j4+(k4/60))),-h4*cos(radians(j4+
(k4/60))))
Statement i4="n"
Value if true h4*cos(radians(j4+(k4/60)))
Value if false -h4*cos(radians(j4+(k4/60)))

Then drag down to eliminate repetition of encoding formulas or codes.

DEPARTURE:
In row 3 column N, type: =if(l4="e",h4*sin(radians(j4+(k4/60))),-h4*sin(radians(j4+
(k4/60))))
Statement l4="e"
Value if true h4*sin(radians(j4+(k4/60)))
Value if false -h4*sin(radians(j4+(k4/60))))

Then drag down to eliminate repetition of encoding formulas or codes.

 EXPECTED RESULTS IN COLUMN M AND N:
M N
1
2
3 LATITUDE DEPARTURE
4 -35.71 -23.00
5 66.36 -98.69
6 13.70 0.70
7 19.11 65.07
8 -12.09 56.02
9 -51.37 -0.10

Check summation of m and n if it is equal to 0 (use the command SUM)

FOR DMD:
M N O
1
2
3 LATITUDE DEPARTURE DMD
4 -35.71 -23.00 ???
5 66.36 -98.69 ???
6 13.70 0.70 ???
7 19.11 65.07 ???
8 -12.09 56.02 ???
9 -51.37 -0.10 ???

In row 4 column O, type: =N4

In row 5column O, type: =O4+N4+N5
In row 6 column O, type: =O5+N5+N6
In row 7 column O, type: =O6+N6+N7
In row 8 column O, type: =O7+N7+N8
In row 9 column O, type: =O8+N8+N9

EXPECTED RESULTS IN COLUMN O:

M N O
1
2
3 LATITUDE DEPARTURE DMD
4 -35.71 -23.00 -23.00
5 66.36 -98.69 -144.69
6 13.70 0.70 -242.68
 7 19.11 65.07 -176.91
8 -12.09 56.02 -55.82
9 -51.37 -0.10 0.10

FOR 2A:
M N O P
1
2
3 LATITUDE DEPARTURE DMD 2A
4 -35.71 -23.00 -23.00 ???
5 66.36 -98.69 -144.69 ???
6 13.70 0.70 -242.68 ???
7 19.11 65.07 -176.91 ???
8 -12.09 56.02 -55.82 ???
9 -51.37 -0.10 0.10 ???
10
11 SUMMATION: ???
12 AREA: ???

In row 4 column P, type: =O4*M4

And then drag down to automatically multiply column o and column m
In row 11 column P, type: =ABS(SUM(P4:P9))
The use of abs is to get the absolute value of numbers in cell P4 to P9
In row 12 column P, type: = P11/2

EXPECTED RESULTS IN COLUMN P:

M N O P
1
2
3 LATITUDE DEPARTURE DMD 2A
4 -35.71 -23.00 -23.00 821.33
5 66.36 -98.69 -144.69 -9601.63
6 13.70 0.70 -242.68 -3324.72
7 19.11 65.07 -176.91 -3380.75
8 -12.09 56.02 -55.82 674.86
9 -51.37 -0.10 0.10 -5.14
10
SUMMATION 14816.0
11
: 4
12 AREA: 7408.02

And then we have the area of 7408.02 m2.