Electronic Systems and Technologies (EST)

Basic Communications, dB, Noise

Basic Communications d. 1.25 dB 17. Absence of one of the following

Multiple Choice Questions 8. Which of the following is a components in a parametric
desirable value of signal-to-noise amplifier renders this circuit a
1. What is the percent total ratio in dB? low-noise amplifier.
harmonic distortion for a a. 0 c. 1 a. More circuit stages
fundamental frequency with b. 100 * d. 50 b. Resistance *
amplitude of 9 Vrms, second 9. Which of the following noise c. Capacitance
harmonic amplitude of 0.3 Vrms, figure is most desirable? d. Modulation
and the third harmonic amplitude a. 0 dB * 18. ______ is a noise that is
of 0.1 Vrms? b. 1 dB associated with the rapid and
a. 2.795% c. 100 dB random movement of electrons
b. 2.5% d. infinity within a conductor due to
c. 1.25% 10. Also known as lock range thermal agitation.
d. 3.5% * a. capture range a. shot noise
2. An amplifier with a noise figure of b. natural frequency b. thermal noise *
6 dB has an input signal-to-noise c. free-running frequency c. transit-time noise
ratio of 25 dB. Calculate the d. tracking range * d. transistor noise
output signal-to-noise ratio in dB. 11. Considered as the main source of 19. An electronic wave outside the
a. 31 dB c. 20 dB an internal noise. assigned frequency of the
b. 19 dB * d. 25 dB a. Flicker transmitted signal that affect a
3. A three stage amplifier has an b. Device imperfection certain radio communications
input stage with noise ratio of 5 c. Thermal agitation * system.
and a power gain of 50. Stages 2 d. Temperature change a. Noise
and 3 have a noise ratio of 10 and 12. The kind of noise that is caused by b. Interference waves
power gain of 1000. Calculate the mismatched lines: c. Transmitted frequency
noise figure for the overall a. echo noise * d. Spurious radiation *
system. b. partition noise 20. A type of noise caused by the
a. 4.55 dB c. impulse noise random arrival of carriers at the
b. 6 dB d. intermodulation noise output element of an active
c. 7.14 dB * 13. A ten times power change in a electronic device.
d. 5.18 dB transmission system is equivalent a. transistor noise *
4. The square of the thermal noise to: b. brownian noise
voltage generated by a resistor is a. 10 dB * c. 20 dB c. random noise
not proportional to b. 100 dB d. 1 dB d. thermal noise
a. Its resistance 14. _____are types of noise 21. What is the 12th harmonic for a
b. Boltzmanns constant * generated by equipments that 1-KHz repetitive wave?
c. Its temperature produces sparks. a. 6 kHz
d. The bandwidth over a. equipment noise * b. 8 kHz
which it is measured b. space noise c. 12 kHz *
5. Space noise contains less energy c. atmospheric noise d. 3 kHz
below d. internal noise 22. A radio signal travels ________
a. 9 MHz 15. An amplifier has a noise figure of yards per microseconds.
b. 20 MHz 2 dB. What is its equivalent noise a. 273 c. 618
c. 15 MHz temperature? b. 328 * d. 123.6
d. 8 MHz * a. 288.5 degrees K 23. An amplifier with an overall gain
6. A voltage change that is equal to b. 28.25 degrees K of 20 dB is impressed with a signal
twice its original value will c. 16.8 degrees K whose power level is 1 watt.
correspond to a change of d. 168 degrees K * Calculate the power output in
a. 3 dB c. 10 dB 16. Generally referred to as the dBm.
b. 9 dB d. 6 dB * primary cause of atmospheric a. 50 * c. 6
7. Determine the noise figure for an noise. b. 60 d. 10
equivalent noise temperature of a. Rain effect 24. An amplifier with 20dB gain is
75K. b. El Nio phenomenon connected to another with 10 dB
a. 1 dB * c. Thunderstorm gain by means of a transmission
b. 2 dB d. Lightning * line with a loss of 4 dB; if a signal
c. 3 dB with a power level of 14dBm were
Electronic Systems and Technologies (EST)
Basic Communications, dB, Noise

applied to the system, calculate 31. The resistor R1 and R2 are d. 0.498 uVrms *
the power output. connected in series at 300 38. Industrial noise frequency is
a. 1.86 dBm degrees K and 400 degrees K between ________.
b. 0.012 dBm temperature respectively. If R1 is a. 15 to 160 MHz *
c. 40 dBm * 200 ohms and R2 is 300 ohms, b. 160 to 200 kHz
d. 12 dBm find the power at the load (RL = c. 0 to 10 kHz
25. What is the percent total 500 ohms) over the bandwidth of d. 200 to 3000 kHz
harmonic distortion for a 100 kHz. 39. The frequency band used by
fundamental frequency with a. 1.98 fW cellular telephones and mobile
amplitude of 8 Vrms, second b. 0.98 fW communication services is
harmonic amplitude of 0.2 Vrms, c. 0.996 fW * ____________.
and the third harmonic amplitude d. 0.496 fW a. UHF * c. EHF
of 0.1 Vrms? 32. For three cascaded amplifier b. VHF d. VLF
a. 2.795% * stages, each with noise figures of 40. The range of the frequency band
b. 1.25% 3 dB and power gains of 10 dB, termed as super high frequency
c. 2.5% determine the total noise figure (SHF) is within ________.
d. 3.5% in dB. a. 30 300 GHz
26. What is the effect of the signal to a. 2.11 c. 1.67 b. 3 30 GHz *
noise ratio of a system (in dB) if b. 3.24 * d. 3.78 c. 30 300 MHz
the bandwidth is doubled, 33. The highest frequencies are found d. 300 3000 MHz
considering all other parameters in ________. 41. A portable radio transmitter has
to remain unchanged except the a. radio waves to operate at temperature from
normal thermal noise only. The b. radar waves 5 degrees C to 35 degrees C. If its
S/N will be ___________. c. ultraviolet waves signal is derived from a crystal
a. increased by 6 dB d. x-rays * oscillator with temperature
b. decreased by 3 dB * 34. A transistor amplifier has a coefficient of 1 ppm per degree
c. increased by 3 dB measured S/N power of 80 at its Centigrade, and it transmits at
d. decreased by one-half input and 25 at its output. exactly 145 MHz at 20 degrees C,
27. Determine the shot noise for a Determine the noise figure of the find the transmitting frequency at
diode with a forward bias of 1.40 transistor. 35 degrees C.
mA over a 80 kHz bandwidth. (q = a. 5.2 dB c. 50 dB a. 144.9942 MHz
1.6 x 10 raised to minus 19 C) b. 52 dB d. 5 dB * b. 144.9956 MHz *
a. 0.005 uA 35. What is known as Johnsons c. 145.0029 MHz
b. 0.004 uA noise? d. 145.00435 MHz
c. 0.006 uA * a. cosmic noise 42. An attenuator has a loss of 26 dB.
d. 0.007 uA b. solar noise If a power of 3 W is applied to the
28. Given a noise factor of 10, what is c. white noise * attenuator, find the output
the noise figure in dB? d. static noise power.
a. 0 c. 50 36. For a 10-MHz crystal with a a. 7.54 W *
b. 10 * d. 5 temperature coefficient of 10 b. 7.80 W
29. The signal power of an input to an Hz/MHz/C, what is the frequency c. 7.27 W
amplifier is 100 uW and the noise shift if the temperature decreases d. 7.54 W
power is 1 uW. At the output, the 5 Celsius. 43. A phase-locked loop has a VCO
signal power is 1 W and the noise a. 10.001 MHz with a free running frequency of
power is 40 mW. What is the b. 9.9995 MHz 14 MHz. As the frequency of the
amplifier noise figure? c. 500 Hz * reference input is gradually raised
a. 4 dB d. 1 kHz from zero, the loop locks at 12
b. 6 dB * 37. Two resistors rated 5 ohms and MHz and comes out of lock again
c. 18 dB 10 ohms are connected in series at 18 MHz. Calculate the capture
d. 25 dB and are at 27 degrees Celsius. range.
30. What is the standard design Calculate their combined thermal a. 6 MHz
reference for environmental noise noise voltage for a 10 kHz b. 8 MHz
temperature in degrees bandwidth. c. 2 MHz
centigrade? a. 0.214 uVrms d. 4 MHz *
a. 32 c. 23 b. 0.60 uVrms 44. A receiver has a noise power
b. 17 * d. 273 c. 0.30 uVrms bandwidth of 10 kHz. A resistor
Electronic Systems and Technologies (EST)
Basic Communications, dB, Noise
that matches the receiver input
impedance is connected across its
antenna terminals. What is the
noise power contributed by that
resistor in the receiver
bandwidth, if the resistor has a
temperature of 27 degrees
Celcius?
a. 4.14 x 10^ -17 W *
b. 14.1 x 10^ -17 W
c. 3.67 x 10^ -16 W
d. 12.4 x 10^ -16 W
45. The diode noise generator is
required to produce 10 uV of
noise in a receiver with an input
impedance of 75 ohms, resistive,
and a noise power bandwidth of
200kHz. What must the current
through the diode be?
a. 289 mA c. 276 mA *
b. 134 mA d. 314 mA
46. A crystal oscillator is accurate
within 0.0005%. How far off
frequency could be at 27 MHz?
a. 145 Hz c. 235 Hz
b. 178 Hz d. 135 Hz *
47. An amplifier has a noise figure of
2 dB. What is the equivalent noise
temperature?
a. 170 K * c. 340 K
b. 230 K d. 145 K
48. For a 10-MHz crystal with a
temperature coefficient of 10
Hz/MHz/C, what is the frequency
shift if the temperature increases
10 Celsius.
a. 10.001 MHz
b. 9.9995 MHz
c. 500 Hz
d. 1 kHz *
49. A three-stage has stages with the
following specifications: First
stage with power gain and noise
figure of 10 and 2 respectively, 25
and 4 for the second stage and 30
and 5 for the third stage. Find the
noise temperature.
a. 282 K c. 382 K *
b. 822 K d. 392 K
50. An amplifier has a noise figure of
2 dB. What is the equivalent noise
temperature?
a. 320 K c. 120 K
b. 290 K d. 170 K *
51. A receiver produces a noise
power of 200mW with no signal.
The output level increases to 5W
when a signal is applied. Calculate
(S+N)/N in decibels.
a. 10 dB c. 11 dB
b. 13 dB d. 14 dB *
52. A diode noise generator is
required to produce a 10uV of
noise in a receiver with an input
impedance of 75 ohms, resistive,
and a noise power bandwidth of
200 kHz. What must be the
current through the diode be?
a. 627 mA
b. 276 mA *
c. 672 mA
d. 154.56 mA
53. A phase-locked loop has a VCO
with a free-running frequency of
12 MHz. As the frequency of the
reference input is gradually raised
from zero, the loop locks at 10
MHz and comes out again at 16
MHz. Find the capture range.
a. 4 MHz *
b. 5 kHz
c. 8 kHz
d. 10 kHz
54. A phase-locked loop has a VCO
with a free-running frequency of
12 MHz. As the frequency of the
reference input is gradually raised
from zero, the loop locks at 10
MHz and comes out again at 16
MHz. Find the lock range.
a. 16 kHz
b. 15 kHz
c. 4 kHz
d. 8 MHz *
55. A varactor has a maximum
capacitance of 80 pF and is tuned
circuit with 100 uH inductor. Find
the tuning voltage necessary for
the circuit to resonate at double
the frequency produced by the
varactor.
a. 85 V c. 75 V *
b. 70 V d. 80 V
56. Noise uniformly distributed over
the voice frequency band is called
_____ noise.
a. Impulse
b. Quantizing
c. Intermodulation
d. white *
57. ________ used to describe the
range of frequencies required to
transmit the desired information.
a. channel capacity
b. information capacity
c. channel bandwidth *
d. information bandwidth
58. A transistor amplifier has a
measured S/N power of 80 at its
input and 25 at its output.
Determine the noise figure of the
transistor.
a. 5.2 dB c. 50 dB
b. 52 dB d. 5 dB *
59. A receiver has a noise bandwidth
of 200 kHz. A resistor is
connected across its input. What
is the noise power at the input if
the resistor temperature is 20
degrees Celsius?
a. 808.68 x 10^ -18W *
b. 698 x 10^ -18W
c. 709.45 x 10^ -18W
d. 556 x 10^ -18W
60. It is the measure of the ability of a
communications system to
produce, at the output of the
receiver, an exact replica of the
original source information.
a. Reciprocity
b. fidelity *
c. distortion
d. sensitivity
61. What is the second, fifth and
fifteenth harmonics for the
repetitive wave with a
fundamental frequency of 2.5
kHz?
a. 5, 12 and 60 kHz
b. 2.5, 12.5 and 37.5 kHz
c. 6, 13 and 55 kHz
d. 5, 12.5 and 37.5 kHz *
62. For a 10-MHz crystal with a
temperature coefficient of 10
Hz/MHz/C, what is the frequency
shift if the temperature decreases
5 Celsius.
a. 10.001 MHz
b. 9.9995 MHz
c. 500 Hz *
d. 1 kHz
63. A three stage amplifier system
has a 3-dB bandwidth of 200 kHz,
determined by an LC circuit at its
input, and operates at 22
degrees. The first stage has a
Electronic Systems and Technologies (EST)
Basic Communications, dB, Noise

power gain of 14 dB and a NF of 3 capacitance of 45 pF in the d. 2.314 mV

dB. The second and third stages frequency-determining circuit. 75. The signaling of individuals at
are identical, with power gains of Calculate the range of frequencies remote locations is called
20 dB and NF = 8 dB. The output for this oscillator, with a tuning ________.
load is 300 ohms. The input noise voltage that varies from 1V to a. polling
is generated by a 10-kilo ohm 10V. b. selecting
resistor. What is the noise power a. 7.67 to 9.90 MHz c. controlling
at the output? b. 1.43 to 2.15 MHz d. paging *
a. 0.322 fW * c. 6.24 to 10.20 MHz * 76. Performing, recording, and
b. 7.15 uW d. 5.34 to 6.72 MHz analyzing measurements at a
c. 0.432 uW 71. A quartz watch is guaranteed distance are done with ______
d. 1.41 fW accurate to 15 seconds per equipment.
64. An intricate part of electronic month. Assuming a month has 30 a. telecommand
communications system because days, calculate the accuracy of b. telemetry *
of its up- and down-conversion the crystal oscillator in the watch c. remote control
functions as they are transported in parts per million. d. paging
through a channel. a. 6.7 ppm 77. A signal whose amplitude is
a. Oscillation b. 3.6 ppm displayed with respect to time
b. demodulation c. 1.5 ppm called a time-domain display. The
c. modulation d. 5.8 ppm * test instrument used to present
d. translation * 72. A phase-locked loop has a VCO such a display is the _______.
65. Which of the following is not used with a free-running frequency of a. time domain
for communication 12 MHz. As the frequency of the reflectometer
a. X-rays * reference input is gradually raised b. spectroscope
b. Infrared from zero, the loop locks at 10 c. spectrometer
c. Millimeter waves MHz and comes out of lock again d. oscilloscope *
d. Microwaves at 16 MHz. Find the capture 78. The SINAD method considers the
66. The value of resistor creating range. signal, noise, and _______ levels
thermal noise is doubled. The a. 4 MHz * of the receiver.
noise power generated therefore b. 8 MHz a. distortion *
a. Halved c. 12 MHz b. harmonics
b. doubled d. 16 MHz c. carrier
c. quadrupled 73. The radio wavelength known as d. information
d. unchanged * _____ falls within the medium 79. The ______ part of a PLL is a
67. It is the study of the form, frequency range. simple frequency modulator.
structure, properties and a. centimetric a. phase shift detector
classifications of crystals. b. decametric b. voltage controlled
a. Crystallography * c. hectometric * oscillator *
b. Crystallomagraphy d. myriametric c. loop filter
c. Stalactitomy 74. A three-stage amplifier system d. loop amplifier
d. Stalagmitophy has a 3-dB bandwidth of 200-kHz 80. It is the _______ signal of a PLL
68. Also known as lock range determined by an LC tuned circuit that varies the VCO frequency.
a. capture range at its input, and operates at 22 a. carrier
b. natural frequency degrees Celsius. The first stage b. error *
c. free-running frequency has a power gain of 14 dB and a c. input signal
d. tracking range * NF of 3 dB. The second and third d. output signal
69. The output to a PLL is 2 MHz. In stages are identical, with power 81. The range of frequencies over
order for the PLL to be locked. gains of 20 dB and noise figure of which a PLL will cause the input of
The VCO output must be 8 dB. The output load is 300 the VCO signals to remain
a. 0 MHz ohms. The input noise is synchronized is known as the
b. 2 MHz * generated by a 10-kilo ohm ________ range.
c. 1 MHz resistor. Calculate the actual a. capture
d. 4 MHz noise voltage. b. lock *
70. A varactor-tuned oscillator uses a. 0.462 mV * c. acquisition
an inductance of 25 microH with a b. 7.11 nV d. any of these
varactor having a maximum c. 1.752 mV
Electronic Systems and Technologies (EST)
Basic Communications, dB, Noise
82. If the PLL input is zero, the VCO
will operate at its ________
frequency.
a. free-running
b. natural
c. operating
d. any of these *
83. The range of frequencies over
which a PLL will cause the input
and VCO signals to remain
synchronized is known as the
________ range.
a. lock *
b. capture
c. track
d. any of these
84. Information sent in the form of
coded dots and dashes is called
________ transmission.
a. baudot
b. continuous-wave *
c. digital
d. any of these
85. What is 0dBm + 0dBm?
a. 0dBm
b. 3dBm *
c. 2dBm
d. 1dBm
86. What is the equivalent noise
temperature of an ideal
amplifier?
O
a. 290 K
O
b. 0 K *
O
c. 0 C
O
d. 17 C
87. If the bandwidth is doubled, the
shot noise current is ___.
a. Doubled
b. Halved
c. Increased by 1.4142 *
d. Decreased by 0.7071
88. What is the function of a
communications system?
a. To transfer information
from one point to
another via some
communications link. *
b. To process information
on each end of the
communications system.
c. To minimize the noise in
the system.
d. All of these.
89. Which of the following is not a
characteristic of an information
signal?
a. Low frequency 97. It is defined as signal alteration
b. Can be voice or video due to imperfect response of the
c. Also called baseband system to the desired signal itself.
d. None of these * a. Attenuation
90. What are the two basic b. Noise
limitations in a communications c. distortion *
system? d. interference
a. Noise and bandwidth * 98. The method of determining the
b. Language and distance bandwidth of any processing
c. Frequency and distance system?
d. Power and efficiency a. bandwidth analysis
91. Which of the following is true b. frequency spectrum
about communications? c. spectral analysis *
a. The information that can d. frequency analysis
be sent over a 99. What is the wavelength of a SFH
communications system signal in meters?
is proportional to its a. 0.1 to 0.01 *
bandwidth. b. 0.01 to 0.001
b. The noise in a c. 1 to 0.1
communications system d. 10 to 1
is proportional to its 100.Which does not affect noise in a
bandwidth. channel?
c. Both are true. * a. quantizing level *
d. None of these is true. b. bandwidth
92. What is the bandwidth of one c. temperature
voice channel? d. none of these
a. 1 kHz
b. 4 kHz * nothing follows
c. 9 kHz
d. 200 kHz
93. What is the sum of 10dBm and
10dBm?
a. 20 dBm
b. 13 dBm *
c. 20 dB
d. 13 dB
94. Two nepers is equal to ___ dB.
a. 0.23 dB
b. 17.37 dB *
c. 0.115 dB
d. 8.686 dB
95. Twenty-two micro volts is ___.
a. -33.15 dBuV
b. -33.15 dBmV *
c. -16.57 dBuV
d. -16.57 dBmV
96. The allocation of communications
services within the overall
spectrum is made by the general
agreement under the control of .
a. FCC
b. NTC
c. ITU *
d. ICAO