Inventions

Children are capable of looking at the world in a fresh new way that no adult could even
dream of. Whereas most childrens ideas seem foolish and naive to us adults, there has actually
been a time or two that they were on to something. In this installment from top10archive, we are
going to look at 10 things invented by younger people.

In 1905, 11 year old Frank Epperson mixed sugar powder and water in a glass, stirred it
with a stick and left in outside overnight. When he awoke, Epperson saw that Mother Nature had
taken its course and the chilly San Francisco night had frozen the subject. This was done entirely
by accident, and the sweet treat he was left with, stuck in the boys head for years. In 1942 he
served the cool treat at a firemens ball and then expanded the little business to Neptune Beach.
After pateting his frozen confectionary, he began mass production of the product in various
flavors of fruit on the iconic wooden stick, thus the popsicle as we know it, was born.

Ralph Samuelson is the genious teenager behind the invention of water skiing. In the
summer of 1922 the 18 year old Minessotan found himself wondering why you werent able to
ski on water if it was possible to do so on snow. Ralph and his brother experimented at Lake
Pippen in Lake City Minessota, they used ordinary snow skies and barrel staves before deciding
to make a ski designed specifically for the water. The very first water skies were made out of
lumber and leather straps to hold the skies in place, a window sash was also used ans served as a
rope. He conducted trial after trial until it was finallu found that leaning back while keeping your
feet at an angle allows for the best skiing experience. Amazingly he never patented this
invention, but was credited by the American Water Ski Association as the first known water
skiing in history in 1966.

In _________ a young boy from Farming May named Chester Greenwood was a
frustrated 15 year old who was tired of having his ears become bitterly cold because of the harsh
conditions and temperatures one is subjected while ice skating. He came up with the idea to help
solve this problem. The young man took two loops of wire and aked his grandmother to sow fur
over them, he later received a patent for the contraption and incorporated a steel band into its
build, the antreprenour opened his business Greenwoods Champion Ear Protectors, one that
would prove to be very successful, the product was supplied to US soldiers during WW I, and
because of these things, Farmington has become the Earmuff Capital of the world and the town
puts on an annual parade on the first Saturday of December, celebrating his honour.

Trampolines are an excellent way for kids to get some exercise and have fun at the same
time, this wonderful invention was thought up by George Nissen wh took gymnastics throughout
his childhood, one day on a visit to the circus he marveled at the fact that trapeze artists were
able to perform amazing stunts on safety nets that would give them a bounce, at just 16 years of
age he began working in his parents garage to construct a bouncing gyzmo that he had thought
up in his head, and by age 20 in 1934 he built his first prototype with the help of his coach Lary
Grizwald, he took it to a summer camp where he was employed and of course all the children fell
in love with it, he began selling them main-stream and trademarked the name to trampoline for it
from the Spanish word for divingboard, el trampoline. It took sometime for the sales to pick up
but they soon did and it was even marketed as a military training tool.
 Although teenage invetiontors are quite rare those under seven are almost unheard of.
Specer Whale is the youngest inductee ever into the National Gallery of Americas Young
Inventors, what he did was come up with a concept for the Kidcare Riding Car, during a visit to
the hospital in 1998, Whale noticed just how hard it was for children to play and have an IV in at
the same time, it just wasnt an enjoyable experience, he decided that a toy car must be built that
it would specifically house a sick child and their IV without it interfering with their fun.

Quite of you may have heard of Louis Braille, at just three he lost his sight in an accident
and it was never restored. Courtesy of books the School was blessed to have, Braille was taught
to read by tracing large raised letters with his fingers however this was far from sensible and the
books were extremely costly and very bulky, since they had just fourteen books due to the
expense, Braille became board very quickly, using some of his fathers tools the teenager created
his own alphabet which consisted entirely of just six dots, this was so much more compact than
the bulky letters and easily readable after learning how the patterns worked, not only did he do
this while blind, he did it at the age of fifteen.

Several inventors made contributions toward the invention of the television but the idea
for the Worlds first All Electronic Television was invented by a fifteen year old named Philo
Farnsworth, he was born in 1906 and despite of it being a such an archaic time he was fascinated
by mechanical devices, more specifically those required electricity to operate. In 1922 the young
lad presented his chemistry teacher with an idea he had for an Image Disector Vacuum Tube, this
would replace the method of the time of mechanically scanning an image through a spinning disc
with holes and then projecting it onto a screen. After a short illness he got back on his feet in
1926 and with the financial support of some friends, Farnsworth got back to working on his
dream and created the first All Electronic Television, this invention gained him even more
funding and a patent battle soon was filed for but nonetheless he is now regarded as one of the
original fathers of the television.

In 1642 at the age of eighteen a Frechman named Blaise Pascal designed what he called a
counting machine for the sole purpose of helping his father who was a tax collector, it was
described as a device that would eventually perform all four arithmetic operations without
relying on human intelligence. It was dubbed the Pascaline, a machine which relied on geared
wheels and could add or subtract two numbers directly and multiply or divide them repeatedly,
the young inventor may have made up to fifty of them but no one saw a real use for it.
Calculators can now be found in almost every phone, computer and classroom around the world,
and without them, every day things such as massive construction projects would prove very hard
to complete. In 1968 the programming language Pascal was rightly named after Blaise Pascal.

Alissa Chavez made headlines again in 2014 for creating a device called A Hot Seat,
during her Senior Year at El Dorado Highschool located in Albuquerque, New Mexico she heard
stories of little children dying after being left in the car too long while their parents were away,
thankfully most of these cases were accidental, but still a terrible tragedy and loss. The Hot
Seatwas invented as part of her eight grade science fair project, she acquired a patent in 2012
and has been working with engineers to perfect the design and schematics of the technology as a
new source points out by having an electronic sensory pad on your childs seat or carrier and
simply syncing it to an app installed on your phone, if you walk more that 40 feet away from
your child, 3 alarms will sound, one of which will be a notification sent to your cell phone, and
the last sets off the car alarm. This life saving invention has yet to become public and still likely
needs work and, of course, funding.

1. Short presentation of the lesson and warm-up with words from the lesson
Inventions(5 min)
2. Listen and try to fill in the blanks with words form the video. (10 min)
3. Explain the new words (5min)
4. Answer the questions: (15min)
a. What did Frank Epperson invent? How old was he?
b. Why did Louis Braille invent his own alphabet?
c. Why didnt Blaise Pascal have success with his invention at first?
d. Please explain or give synonyms to the words in bold in the texts.
5. Choose 4 verbs from the text and make sentences in the Present Perfect Simple
or/and Past Simple.(10 min)
6. Discuss about possible inventions or their favourite invention of all. (5 min)
7. Feedback - Give homework for the next class (5 min)
Name: Date:

Inventions

1. Listen and try to fill in the blanks with words form the video.

Children are capable of looking at the world in a fresh new way that no adult could even
dream of. Whereas most childrens ideas seem foolish and naive to us adults, there has actually
been a time or two that they were on to something. In this installment from top10archive, we are
going to look at 10 things invented by younger people.

In 1905, 11 year old Frank Epperson mixed sugar powder and water in a glass, stirred it
with a stick and left in outside overnight. When he awoke, Epperson saw that Mother Nature had
taken its course and the chilly San Francisco night had frozen the subject. This was done entirely
by accident, and the sweet treat he was left with, stuck in the boys head for years. In 1942 he
served the cool treat at a firemens ball and then expanded the little business to Neptune Beach.
After pateting his frozen confectionary, he began mass production of the product in various
flavors of fruit on the iconic wooden stick, thus ________________ as we know it, was born.

______________________is the genious teenager behind the invention of water skiing.

In the summer of _________ the 18 year old Minessotan found himself wondering why you
werent able to ski on _____________ if it was possible to do so on __________. Ralph and his
brother experimented at Lake Pippen in Lake City Minessota, they used ordinary snow skies
and barrel staves before deciding to make a ski designed specifically for the water. The very first
water skies were made out of lumber and ________________ to hold the skies in place, a
window sash was also used and served as a rope. He conducted trial after trial until it was finally
found that leaning ___________ while keeping your feet at an angle allows for the best skiing
experience. _____________ he never patented this invention, but was credited by the American
Water Ski Association as the _________________ in history in 1966.

In _________ a young boy from Farming May named ___________________was a

frustrated 15 year old who was tired of having his ________ become bitterly cold because of the
harsh conditions and temperatures one is subjected while ice skating. He came up with the idea
to help solve this problem. The young man took two __________ of wire and asked
________________ to sew ___________ over them, he later received a patent for the
contraption and incorporated a ____________ into its build, the antreprenour opened his
business Greenwoods Champion Ear Protectors, one that would prove to be very successful, the
product was supplied to _______________ during WW I, and because of these things,
Farmington has become the Earmuff Capital of the world and the town puts on an
______________ on the first Saturday of December, celebrating his honour.

Trampolines are an excellent way for kids to get some ______________ and have fun at
the same time, this wonderful invention was thought up by George Nissen who took gymnastics
throughout his childhood, one day on a visit to the circus he marveled at the fact that trapeze
artists were able to perform amazing ___________ on safety nets that would give them a
bounce, at just 16 years of age he began working in his parents garage to construct a bouncing
gismo that he had thought up in his head, and by age 20 in __________ he built his first
prototype with the help of his coach Lary Grizwald. He took it to a summer camp where he was
employed and of course all the children fell in love with it, he began selling them main-stream
and trademarked the name trampoline for it, from the _______________ word for divingboard,
el trampoline. It took some time for the sales to pick up but they soon did and it was even
marketed as a ________________.

Although _________________ are quite rare, those under _________ are almost unheard
of. Specer Whale is the youngest inductee ever into the National Gallery of Americas Young
Inventors, what he did was come up with a concept for the Kidcare Riding Car, during a visit to
the hospital in 1998. Whale noticed just how hard it was for children to play and have an IV in
at the same time, it just wasnt an enjoyable experience, he decided that a toy car must be built
that it would specifically house a sick child and their IV without it interfering with their fun.

Quite of you may have heard of Louis Braille, at just three he lost his sight in an accident
and it was never restored. Courtesy of books the School was blessed to have, Braille was taught
to read by tracing large raised ___________ with his __________, however this was far from
sensible and the books were extremely costly and very bulky, since they had just fourteen books
due to the ____________, Braille became board very quickly, using some of his fathers tools the
teenager created his own alphabet which consisted entirely of just ________ dots, this was so
much more compact than the bulky letters and easily readable after learning how the patterns
worked, not only did he do this while blind, he did it at the age of fifteen.

Several inventors made contributions toward the invention of the _______________ but
the idea for the Worlds first All Electronic Television was invented by a fifteen year old named
Philo Farnsworth, he was born in _________and despite of it being a such an archaic time he
was fascinated by mechanical devices, more specifically those that required ___________ to
operate. In 1922 the young lad presented his chemistry teacher with an idea he had for an Image
Disector Vacuum Tube, this would replace the method of the time of mechanically scanning an
image through a spinning disc with holes and then projecting it onto a screen. After a short
illness he got back on his feet in 1926 and with the financial support of some friends, Farnsworth
got back to working on his dream and created the first All Electronic Television, this invention
gained him even more funding and a patent battle soon was filed for but nonetheless he is now
regarded as one of the original fathers of the ________________.

In 1642 at the age of __________ a Frechman named Blaise Pascal designed what he
called a counting machine for the sole purpose of helping __________ who was a tax collector, it
was described as a device that would eventually perform all four arithmetic operations without
relying on human intelligence. It was dubbed the Pascaline, a machine which relied on geared
wheels and could ________ or subtract two numbers directly and multiply or divide them
repeatedly, the young inventor may have made up to fifty of them but no one saw a real use for
it. _____________ can now be found in almost every phone, computer and __________ around
the world, and without them, every day things such as massive construction projects would prove
very hard to complete. In ___________ the programming language Pascal was rightly named
after Blaise Pascal.
2. Answer the questions:
e. What did Frank Epperson invent? How old was he?
f. Why did Louis Braille invent his own alphabet?
g. Why didnt Blaise Pascal have success with his invention at first?
h. Please explain or give synonyms to the words in bold in the texts.
3. Choose 4 verbs from the text and make sentences in the Present Perfect Simple or/and
Past Simple.
4. What is your favourite invention? Why?
5. How do you form the Present Perfect Continuous and when do you use it?