PUMPS & GAS MOVING

EQUIPMENT
 What is a pump?

What is the nearest pump

to you?
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
3.3A Introduction

A pump is a
device that
transforms
mechanical
energy into
fluid energy
and is used to
force liquids to
desired flow
rates, pressures
or elevations.
What is a compressor?

What is the nearest

compressor to you?
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
3.3A Introduction

Pumps are associated

with liquids. Devices
that pump gases are
called: fans, blowers, or
compressors depending
on the pressure rise
achieved.
What are the two
major classes of
pumps?
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
3.3B Pumps
Pumps can be classified into two major classes:
9 Positive displacement (static).
9 Kinetic (dynamic).
 Let us discuss the
positive
displacement pumps
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
3.3B Pumps
1- Positive displacement:
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
3.3B Pumps
1- Positive displacement:

Fluid is forced
along by successive
volume changes or
fluid displacements
as with a piston and
cylinder
(reciprocating
pump). Flow from
this type is
generally pulsating.
What is the direction of
the flow in this pump?
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
3.3B Pumps
1- Positive displacement:
Another type of positive displacement pumps is the
rotary pump. In the rotary pump, rotating element fit the
casing closely and as they rotate in opposite directions,
fluid is trapped in the space between the gear teeth and
the casing and is moved from the inlet to the outlet.
What was the second
type?
What is meant by
centrifugal force?
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
3.3B Pumps
2- Kinetic pumps:
The most common
type of the kinetic
pumps is the
centrifugal pump which
is also called radial
flow pump. The
rotating element is
called impeller and as
the impeller rotates,
water is thrown
outward at right angles
to its axis.
 What are the
characteristics of
each type of pumps?
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
3.3B Pumps
Comparison between pumps:
1. Reciprocating pumps:
High initial cost.
Difficult and
expensive to maintain.
Used when high
head pumping is
required and operate
at high efficiencies.
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
3.3B Pumps
Comparison between pumps:
2. Rotary pumps:
Simpler to construct
and easier to maintain
than reciprocating pump.
(less expensive).
They are advantageous
when low pressures and
low flow rates are needed
(less than 500 gpm).
Used for small
domestic water systems.
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
3.3B Pumps
Comparison between pumps:
3. Centrifugal pumps:
Give satisfactory
and economic service,
and are better suited
for dirty liquids than
reciprocating or rotary
pumps.
 Suppose you have two
identical pumps and you
want to double the
pressure, how will you
connect them?
 Suppose you have two
identical pumps and you
want to double the
flowrate, how will you
connect them?
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
Pumps in series:
Pumps connected in series cause an increase in
pressure but no increase in discharge. If two identical
pumps are connected in series, out pressure will double
while discharge remains unchanged:
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
Pumps in parallel:
Pumps connected in parallel will increase the
discharge but not the pressure. If the same pumps are
connected in parallel:
What are the main types of
machines that move
gases?
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
Gas Moving Machinery
These are machines that move and compress
gases:
1- Fans: Low pressures

2- Blowers: Intermediate pressures

3- Compressors: High pressures

3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
Fans:
Fans are low-speed machines that generate very low
pressures on the order of 0.04 atm.

Fans are
usually
centrifugal
(similar to
centrifugal
pumps).
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
Fans:
Fans discharge large volumes of gas (usually air) into
open spaces or large ducts.
In fans the
density of the fluid
does not change
appreciably and
may be assumed
constant.
Operating
efficiencies of fans
are between 40
and 70%.
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
Blowers:
Blowers are high-speed rotary devices (using either
positive displacement or centrifugal force) that develop a
maximum pressure of about 2 atm.
A single stage blower can discharge gas at 0.4 to 1 atm
gage, a two-stage blower at 2 atm.
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
Compressors:
Compressors. which are also positive displacement or
centrifugal machines, discharge at pressures from 2 atm
to several thousand atmospheres.
Rotary
positive-
displacement
compressors can
be used for
discharge
pressures up to
about 6 atm.
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
Compressors:
For high to very high discharge pressures and modest
flow rates, reciprocating compressors are the most
common type.

When the
required
compression ratio is
greater than can be
achieved in one
cylinder, multistage
compressors are
used.
http://atd.na.amec.com/examples.html
3.3 PUMPS AND GAS MOVING EQUIPMENTS
Compressors:
Centrifugal compressors are
usually multistage units
containing a series of impellers
on a single shaft rotating at high
speeds in a massive casing.
Internal channels lead from
the discharge of one impeller to
the inlet of the next.
These machines compress
enormous volumes of air
(340,000 m3/h) at the inlet to an
outlet pressure of 20 atm.