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High Performance Stainless

North
American
Version
Imperial Units

Type 316, Type 316L


UNS S31600, UNS S31603
A molybdenum-containing austenitic stainless steel with improved
resistance to chlorides relative to Type 304/304L stainless steel.

Description Corrosion Resistance


Type 316/316L is a molybdenum-containing austenitic The addition of molybdenum provides improved resistance
stainless steel intended to provide improved corrosion to pitting and crevice corrosion in environments containing
resistance relative to Type 304/304L in moderately corrosive chlorides and other halides.
process environments, particularly those containing chlorides
or other halides. Type 316/316L has been used in handling many chemicals
used by the process industries, including pulp and paper,
Type 316/316L is non-magnetic in the annealed condition textile, food, pharmaceutical, medical, and other chemical
but may become slightly magnetic as a result of welding. processing.

Dual certification Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature Table 1


It is common for Type 316L to be dual certified as
Type 316 and Type 316L when the material meets both ASTM
the lower carbon limit of Type 316L and the slightly higher
Typical* 316 316L
strengths of Type 316. The producer of the steel must certify
the material as Type 316 if it is to be used as Type 316 Ultimate Tensile Strength, ksi 85 75 min 70 min
instead of Type 316L. 0.2% Offset Yield Strength, ksi 44 30 min 25 min
Elongation in 2 inches, % 56 40 min 40 min

Specifications Reduction in Area, %


Hardness, Rockwell B
69
81

95 max

95 max
Type 316/316L can be supplied to meet AMS, ASTM, ASME,
QQS, and MIL-S specifications. *0.375 inch plate

Product forms Chemical Composition, wt. pct. Table 2

available 316 316L

Plate Carbon 0.08 max 0.030 max


Sheet Manganese 2.00 max 2.00 max
Tubular Products Phosphorus 0.045 max 0.045 max
Bar
Sulfur 0.03 max 0.03 max
Angle
Wire Rod Silicon 0.75 max 0.75 max
Billet Chromium 16.0-18.0 16.0-18.0
Fittings
Nickel 10.0-14.0 10.0-14.0
Molybdenum 2.00-3.00 2.00-3.00
Nitrogen* 0.10 max 0.10 max
*flat-rolled products only
Heat treatment Workability Corrosion performance Technical support
Annealing
Type 316/316L should be heated to 1900F and water
Cold Working
Type 316/316L is readily formed and fabricated through a full
of stainless steels Outokumpu assists users and fabricators in the selection,
qualification, installation, operation, and maintenance of Type
quenched or rapidly cooled by other means. range of cold working operations. It can be used in heading, Table 4 compares several Outokumpu stainless steels in 316/316L stainless steel. Technical personnel, supported by
drawing, bending, and upsetting. Any cold working operations a variety of common corrosive environments. The lowest the research laboratory of Outokumpu, can draw on years of
Hardening will increase the strength and hardness of the material. temperature at which the corrosion rate exceeds 5 mpy was field experience with Type 316/316L to help you make the
Type 316/316L cannot be hardened by heat treatment. determined. All testing was done in accordance with the technically and economically correct materials decision.
However, Type 316 can be hardened by cold working. Hot Working requirements of the Materials Technology Institute of the
Type 316/316L can be forged in the 1700-2200F range. For Chemical Process Industries (MTI). Outokumpu is prepared to discuss individual applications and
Physical Properties Table 3 maximum corrosion resistance, forgings should be annealed to provide data and experience as a basis for selection and

Welding
at 1900F minimum and water quenched or rapidly cooled by application of Type 316/316L.
Density, lb/in 3
0.285 other means after hot working operations.
Modulus of Elasticity, psi 29 x 106 Outokumpu works closely with its distributors to ensure
Type 316/316L is readily welded by a full range of timely availability of Type 316/316L in the forms, sizes, and
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 68-212F, /F 8.9 x 10 -6
conventional welding procedures (except oxyacetylene). AWS quantities required by the user. For assistance with technical
Thermal Conductivity, Btu/ft hrF 8.7 E316L/ER316L and other filler metals with molybdenum questions and to obtain top quality Type 316/316L, call
Heat Capacity, Btu/lbF 0.12 content higher than that of the base metal should be used Outokumpu at 1-800-833-8703.
with Type 316/316L stainless steel.
Electrical Resistivity, -inch 29.5 x 10-6

Lowest Temperature (F) at Which the Corrosion Rate Exceeds 5 mpy Table 4 Machinability
Corrosion Environment 654 254 904L Type 316L Type 304 2507 2205 2304 Type 316/316L is a tough austenitic stainless steel subject
SMO SMO (2.7 Mo) Code to work hardening during deformation and, unless modified for
Plus Two improved machining response, is resistant to chip breaking.
The best machining results are achieved with slower speeds,
0.2% Hydrochloric Acid >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling heavier feeds, excellent lubrication, sharp tooling, and
1% Hydrochloric Acid 203 158 122 86 86p >Boiling 185 131 powerful, rigid equipment.
10% Sulfuric Acid 158 140 140 122 167 140 149
60% Sulfuric Acid 104 104 185 <54 <57 <59 <<55
96% Sulfuric Acid 86 68 95 113 86 77 59
85% Phosphoric Acid 194 230 248 203 176 203 194 203
10% Nitric Acid >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling
65% Nitric Acid 221 212 212 212 212 230 221 203
80% Acetic Acid >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling 212p >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling
50% Formic Acid 158 212 212p 104 50 194 194 59
50% Sodium Hydroxide 275 239 Boiling 194 185 230 194 203
83% Phosphoric Acid
185 194 248 149 113 140 122 95
+ 2% Hydrofluoric Acid
60% Nitric Acid
>140 140 >140 >140 >140 >140 >140 >140
+ 2% Hydrochloric Acid
50% Acetic Acid
>Boiling >Boiling >Boiling 248 >Boiling 230 212 194
+ 50% Acetic Anhydride
1% Hydrochloric Acid
>Boiling, p 203ps 140ps 77p 68p 203ps 113ps 68p
+ 0.3% Ferric Chloride
10% Sulfuric Acid
149 104 131 77 122 95 <55
+ 2000ppm Cl + N2
10% Sulfuric Acid
167 140 122 <<59p 104 <59 <<50
+ 2000ppm Cl + SO2
WPA1, High Cl Content 203 176 122 50 <<50 203 113 86
WPA2, High F- Content 176 140 95 50 <<50 167 140 95
p = pitting can occur
ps = pitting/crevice corrosion can occur

WPA P2O5 Cl F H2SO4 Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2 CaO MgO


1 54 0.20 0.50 4.0 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.70
2 54 0.02 2.0 4.0 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.70

2 - Type 316/316L Type 316/316L - 3


1087EN, Bannockburn, USA. October 2014.
Working towards forever.
We work with our customers and partners
to create long lasting solutions for the tools
of modern life and the worlds most critical problems:
clean energy, clean water and efficient infrastructure.
Because we believe in a world that lasts forever.

Information given in this brochure may be subject to alterations without notice. Care has been taken to ensure that the contents
of this publication are accurate but Outokumpu and its affiliated companies do not accept responsibility for errors or for
information which is found to be misleading. Suggestions for or descriptions of the end use or application of products or methods
of working are for information only and Outokumpu and its affiliated companies accept no liability in respect thereof. Before using
products supplied or manufactured by the company the customer should satisfy himself of their suitability.
2205 Code Plus Two is a trademark of Outokumpu Stainless, Inc.
254 SMO and 654 SMO are trademarks of Outokumpu Stainless.

Outokumpu High Performance Stainless


2275 E. Half Day Road, Suite 300, Bannockburn, IL 60015 USA
Tel. 1-847-317-1400 Fax 1-847-317-1404
outokumpu.com

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