Microcontroller based finger Print

Recognition system

Project Report submitted

to

Bangalore University as a partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of B.Sc (Electronics)
Degree during the year 2016-17

by
1. S.PRAJWAL, Reg. No: 14BVS85128 VI Semester B.Sc.
PME

2. P.K.RAVICHANDRA, Reg. No: 14BVS85129 VI Semester

B.Sc. PME

3. G.N.DEVARAJ, Reg. No: 14BVS85109 VI Semester B.Sc.

PME

Under the Supervision of

Prof. J.T
Department of Electronics, VIJAYA COLLEGE,
R.V. ROAD, Basavanagudi, Bangalore-560004

1
 VIJAYA COLLEGE,
R.V. ROAD, Basavanagudi, Bangalore-
560004

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to express our profound

gratitude to
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
____

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________

2
1.
(S.PRAJWAL, B.Sc. VI Semester PME)

2.
(P.K.RAVICHANDRA, B.Sc. VI Semester PME)

3.
(G.N.DEVARAJ, B.Sc. VI Semester PME)

DECLARATION

This Project entitled

MICROCONTROLLER BASED CELL PHONE

CONTROLLED ROBOT USING DTMF has been

independently carried out by us/me under the

guidance of Prof.____J.T____________________________,

Department of Electronics, Vijaya college,

Basavanagudi, Bangalore-560004.

We/I further declare that the report of

this Project work has not been submitted else

where for any Degree or Diploma.

Place:

Date:

3
1.
(S.PRAJWAL, B.Sc. VI Semester PME)
2.
(P.K.RAVICHANDRA, B.Sc. VI Semester PME)

3.
(G.N.DEVARAJ, B.Sc. VI Semester PME)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project

entitled MICROCONTROLLER BASED CELL

PHONE CONTROLLED ROBOT USING DTMF has

been successfully completed in this Department

by S.PRAJWAL (Reg. No:14BVS85128)

RAVICHANDRA.P.K (Reg. No:14BVS85129) , &

DEVARAJU.G.N(Reg. No: 14BVS85109), VI

Semester B.Sc. PME under my supervision during

the year 2012-13.

4
 Place:

Date:

Staff incharge

Head of the
Department

Abstract:
In this paper, we can control the Robot using
Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) technology. DTMF
technology is most useful technique at present days. It is
worked on to methods digital signal processing (DSP).
Wireless-control of robots uses RF circuit that has the
drawbacks of limited working range and limited control.
This DTMF is gives advantage over the RF; it increases
the
range of working and also gives good results in case of
motion and direction of robot using mobile phone
through

5
micro controller. This type of wireless communication
gives
the remote handling operation of Robot using DTMF.
Key words: DTMF, Atmega89c51 Controller, Mobile Robot

INTRODUCTION:
A robot is electro-mechanical machine which is guided by
computer, Mobile phone or programming, and is thus
able to do tasks on its own. The Robot Institute of
America define A robot is a reprogrammable
multifunctional manipulator designed to move material
parts, tools or specialized device through variable
programmed motions for the performance of a variety of
tasks.
Conventionally, wireless controlled robots use RFcircuits,
which have drawbacks of limited working range
&frequency range, use of mobile phones can overcome
thislimitation. It provides the advantages of robust
control,working range as large as the coverage area of

6
the serviceprovider, no interference with other
controllers and up to twelve controls.
DTMF Mobile ROBOT is a machine that can be controlled
with a mobile. In this project, the robot is controlled by a
mobile phone that makes a call to the mobile phone
attached to the robot. In the course of a call, if any
button is pressed, a tone corresponding to the button
pressed is heard at the other end of the call. This tone is
called "Dual Tone Multiple-Frequency" (DTMF) tone. The
robot perceives this DTMF tone with the help of the
phone stacked on the robot. The received tone is
processed by the microcontroller with the help of DTMF
decoder MT8870 IC the decoder decodes the DTMF tone
is to its equivalent binary digit and this binary number is
send to the microcontroller, the microcontroller is pre-
programmed to take decision for any give input and
output its decision to motor drivers in order to drive the
motors for forward or backward motion or a turn.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

7
Remote Section: This sections main component is DTMF.
Here we get a tone from the cellphone by using aux wire
to DTMF Decoder IC namely HT8870 which decodes the
tone into digital signal of 4bit.
Control Section: 8051 is used for controlling the complete
process of this mobile phone controlled robot. 8051
reads commands sent by DTMF Decoder and compare
with defined code or pattern. If commands match, the
microcontroller sends respective command to driver
section.
Driver Section: Driver section consists motor driver and
two DC motors. Motor driver is used for driving motors
because microcontroller does not supply enough voltage
and current to motor. So we add a motor driver circuit to
get enough voltage and current for motor. By collecting

8
commands from 8051, motor driver drive motor
according to commands.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:
one motor driver is connected to 8051 microcontroller for
driving robot. Motor drivers input pin 2, 7, 10 and 15 are
connected at 8051s pin number P2.6, P2.3, P2.0 and
P2.7 respectively. Here we have used two DC motors to
drive robot in which one motor is connected at output pin
of motor driver 3 and 6 and another motor is connected
at 11 and 14. A 9 volt Battery is also used to power the
motor driver for driving motors. A DTMF decoder is
added with this circuit to fulfil our aim to control the
robot with cell phone, and this decoder is plugged into a
mobile phone using an aux wire for receiving command
or DTMF Tone. DTMF decoder pins D0-D3 are connected
with 8051s pin number P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3 through
NOT gate IC namely 7404. So 8051 will get inverted
input from DTMF decoder like if we will press button 5
from mobile keypad the output of DTMF decoder will be
0010 but 8051 will get 1101. Two 9 Volt batteries are
used to power the circuit in which one is used for power
the motors, connected at motor driver IC pin number 8,
and other battery is connected to power the remaining
circuit.

Cell phone controlled robot run by some commands that

are send via mobile phone. We are here using DTMF
function of mobile phone. Here we have used the mobile
phone to show working of project. One is user mobile
phone that we will call remote phone and second one

9
that are connected with Robots circuit using aux wire.
This mobile phone we will call Receiver Phone.
First we make a call by using remote phone to receiver
phone and then attend the call by manually or automatic
answer mode. Now here is how this robot is controlled by
cell phone:

When we presses 2 by remote phone, robot start to

moving forward and moving continues forward until next
command comes.
Moving forward DTMF Controlled Robot

10
When we presses 8 by remote phone, robot change his
state and start moving in backward direction until other
command comes.
Moving Backward the DTMF Controlled Robot

When we press 4, Robot get turn left till next command

exicuted.
Turning left to DTMF controlled robot

11
When we press 6, robot turned to right.
turning right to dtmf controlled robot

And for stopping robot we pass5.

stop dtmf controlled robot

12
COMPONENTS USED:
8051 microcontroller 10K resistor
DC Motors 10K resistor pack
Mobile Phone 33 pF capacitors
Motor Driver L293D Push button
7404 LEDs
8870 7805
.1 Uf Capacitor 1000uF capacitor
330K resistors 10uF capacitors
100K resistors Copper Clad
11.0592 MHz xtal 9 Volt Battery
3.57 MHz xtal Battery Connector
22pF capacitors Aux wire
1K resistors Robot Chasis with wheel

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
A. DTMF Decoder:
DTMF means Dual-Tone-Multi-Frequency. DTMF
signaling is used for telecommunication signaling over
analog telephone lines in the voice-frequency band
between
telephone handsets and other communication devices
and
the switching centre. The DTMF system generally uses
eight
different frequency signals transmitted in pairs to
represent
13
sixteen different numbers, symbols and letters. When
someone presses any key in the key pad of the handset,
a
DTMF signal is generate unique tone which consists of
two
different frequencies one each of higher frequency range
(>1KHz) and lower frequency (<1KHz) range. The
resultant tone is convolution of two frequencies [2]. The
frequencies and their corresponding frequency are
shown in
Table

14
Each of these tones is composed of two pure sine
waves of the low and high frequencies superimposed on
each other. These two frequencies explicitly represent
one of
the digits on the telephone keypad. Thus generated
signal

Each key has a specific Tone frequency. For

example if the "5" key is pressed then generated
frequency
tone is 770 + 1336 = 2106 Hz. The key "1" is pressed
then
frequency of 697 + 1209 = 1906 Hz which is shown in
below figure.

DTMF Tone Frequency

MT-8870 DTMF Decoder Configuration [4]
The MT-8870 is a DTMF Receiver that integrates
both band split filter and

MT-8870 DTMF Decoder Configuration [4]

The MT-8870 is a DTMF Receiver that integrates
both band split filter and decoder functions into a single
18-
pin DIP package. It is manufactured using CMOS process
technology. The MT8870 offers low power consumption
(35
mW max) and precise data handling. Its decoder uses
digital
counting techniques to detect and decode all 16 DTMF
tone
pairs into a 4-bit code.
The DTMF signal from the user mobile phone is
picked up by the system mobile phone. The tip and ring
of
the microphone is connected to the specified pin

C1, R1 and R2 have been adjusted

for gain control of the input signal. Resistance R3 and
capacitor C2 has been used to set the "guard time
which is
a time duration through which a valid DTMF tone must
be
present for its recognition. The "Q-test signal (pin15)
indicates that the valid DTMF tone has been detected.
Increase the resistor between pin2 and pin3 (not the
one connects to 100nF) from 100K to 220k, 330K or
470K.
This increases the input gain from 1 to 2.2, 3.3 or 4.7 to
suit
your input signal strength [4].
C. DC Motor Driver:
DC motor is electromechanical device that converts
electrical energy into mechanical energy that can be
used to
do many works. It can produce mechanical movement to
moving the wheels of the robot. DC motor has two wires,
we can say them positive terminal and negative
terminal,
when these wires are connected with power supply the
shaft
rotates. We can reverse the direction of the rotation.
L293d
chip is very safe to use for DC motor control. This L293D
is
16bit chip. Chip is design to control four DC motor, there
are two inputs and two outputs for each motor.
DTMF Based Controlled Robot

Working of DC motor
There are two Enable pins on l293d. Pin 1 and pin
9, for being able to drive the motor, the pin 1 and 9 need
to
be high. For driving the motor with left H-bridge we need
to
enable pin 1 to high. And for right H-Bridge we need to
make the pin 9 to high. If anyone of the either pin1 or
pin9
goes low then the motor in the corresponding section will
suspend working. Its like a switch.
1) L293D Pin Diagram:
Fig. 7: L293D IC
2) Working of L293D:
The there 4 input pins for this L293D, pin 2,7 on the left
and
pin 15 ,10 on the right as shown on the pin diagram. Left
input pins will regulate the rotation of motor connected
across left side and right input for motor on the right
hand
side. The motors are rotated on the basis of the inputs
provided across the input pins as LOGIC 0 or LOGIC 1. the
motor.
3) L293D Logic Table:
Let's consider a Motor connected on left side output pins
(pin 3,6). For rotating the motor in clockwise direction
the
input pins has to be provided with Logic 1 and Logic 0.