Gossip describes the kind of relaxed in-group talk that goes on between people in

informal contexts. In western societies, it is considered as a characteristic of

womens interaction whose function is to affirm solidarity and maintain the social
relationships between the women involved. It focuses on personal experiences
and personal relationships, non personal problems and feelings, and may include
the criticism of others. In gossip sessions, they provide sympathetic responses
focusing on the affective rather than the referential content.
As for men, a study of men working in a bakery has found that the topics
discussed tend to focus on things and activities rather than feelings. The men
gossip includes linguistic features like long pauses, responses challenged the
previous speaker. The men criticized each other constantly, and change the topic
abruptly. Their talks contrasted completely with the cooperative, supportive and
agreeing and coherent one of women.
However, there is a variation in the western communities too. Not all men and
women behave the same way in western communities. For example, in Malagasy,
womens speech is more direct than that of men. Women take a more
confrontational role, and handle bargaining in the market place. Women not men
deal with family disagreements and arguments.

On the contrary, gender refers to cultural and social attributes that have been acquired via the socialization
process. It is up to individuals to choose characteristics that they deem suitable for males and females and
employ them accordingly. According to Wardhaugh (2010), gender is also a fact that we cannot avoid; it is
part of the way in which societies are formed around us (pp.334).

The motive to gossip has been categorized as a form of indirect aggression. (Li,
N. P., &
Kenrick, D. T. (2006). Sex similarities and differences in preferences for
short-term mates: What, whether, and why. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 90, 468489.)
Gossip increases contributions to the
group. Social Psychological & Personality Science , 2, 642649

Dunbar (2004) found that 65% of conversations consist of social topics. (APA american psychological
assosiation)

Gossip in evolutionary perspective.

Dunbar, R. I. M.
Review of General Psychology, Vol 8(2), Jun 2004, 100-110.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.100

Sociolinguistic research has demonstrated that gossip is a co-constructed

phenomenon, which allows participants to establish solidarity and build alignments
with each other, while evaluating an absent party. Gossip can also serve important
 social functions, such as helping to establish and reconfirm group norms and
values. The present study provides a detailed analysis of an extended gossip
episode that occurred within an institutional context: a study group interaction at a
U.S. university. Our analysis shows how, in gossip, constructed dialogue both
prompts and legitimizes pejorative evaluations towards an absent third party, and
is actually the pivot around which group members negotiate values and norms in
the process of arriving at a shared moral stance. Our analysis also demonstrates
that alignment in gossip interactions is tenuous and must be continuously
renewed. (Abeer Mohammad

First published: June 2015Full publication history

DOI: 10.1111/josl.12125
)

the effect of gossip spread on social network structure.

The effect of gossip on social

networks
Authors
Allison K. Shaw,

First published: 17 August 2010Full publication history

DOI: 10.1002/cplx.20334
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(berbagai sumber)
 The research reveals a woman is happier and healthier if she enjoys a regular chat
with her female friend because it boosts levels of progesterone, a hormone shown to
reduces levels of anxiety and stress. (The Telegraph, June 10, 2009)

Gossip is good for your reputation because it shows you are in the know, according to new
research.

And we most enjoy dishing the dirt about familiar people - and the more damaging the
better. (The Telegraph 15 agustus 2014) UK News

Psychologists say at the same time it improves our social standing as a font of information
about those we care about.

Dr Bo Yao, of the University of Manchester, said: "Intuitively, it is not surprising we are more
likely to gossip about familiar people and interesting stories. However, we are much more
likely to gossip when a story unites a familiar person with an interesting scenario."

An experiment including celebrities such as David and Victoria Beckham and Barack and
Michelle Obama found the more interesting and unpredictable the story, the more likely we
are to pass it on.

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16 Oct 2010

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18 Jan 2012

The researchers said "a key function of gossip may be to maintain our reputation systems
by receiving updates on the recent behaviour of our acquaintances."

To understand the psychological triggers for gossip, the researchers devised an experiment
involving a series of fictitious stories.

In the study, they asked participants to read a series of fictitious stories about 100 famous
British and US individuals and matching non celebrities such as 'Jamie and Connie
Shannon' and 'Robert and Theresa O'Hara' and indicate how likely they would be to share
them with friends.

In each case, the volunteers also provided feedback on its predictability and whether their
opinion of the main character had changed.

The made up scenarios were considered either 'interesting' like getting pregnant, having a
'domestic' in public and being caught with drugs or 'boring' in which they were doing things
such as having coffee or going grocery shopping.

The findings published in PLoS ONE showed when a story was considered less predictable
and resulted in a greater change of opinion about the person, participants were more likely
to pass on that information.

Dr Sara Sereno, of the University of Glasgow, explained: "Gossip revolves around its
content and its target. To us, a good piece of gossip should be judged as information worthy
of being passed on to those who are well placed to appreciate its content. In other words,
gossip is interesting stuff about someone we care about."

She added: "Gossip plays a big role in how we manage our social reputations. We hope our
study provides a first step in understanding the specific factors that influence our gossiping
behaviour."