29/3/2017 EHV/HVCableSheathEarthing|ElectricalNotes&Articles

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EHV/HVCableSheathEarthing

DECEMBER21,2011 34COMMENTS(HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2011/12/21/EHVHVCABLE
SHEATHEARTHING/#COMMENTS)

EHV/HVCableSheathEarthing:

Introduction:

Inurbanareas,highvoltageundergroundcablesarecommonlyusedforthetransmissionanddistributionofelectricity.Such
highvoltagecableshavemetallicsheathsorscreenssurroundingtheconductors,and/orarmourandmetallicwiressurrounding
thecables.Duringearthfaultsappliedtodirectlyearthedsystems,thesemetallicpathsareexpectedtocarryasubstantial
proportionofthetotalfaultcurrent,whichwouldotherwiseowthroughthegeneralmassofearth,whilereturningtosystem
neutrals.Thesealternativereturnpathsmustbeconsideredwhendeterminingtheextentofthegridpotentialriseatanelectrical
plantduetoearthfaults.
Forsafetyandreliableoperation,theshieldsandmetallicsheathsofpowercablesmustbegrounded.Withoutgrounding,shields
wouldoperateatapotentialconsiderablyaboveground.Thus,theywouldbehazardoustotouchandwouldcauserapid
degradationofthejacketorothermaterialinterveningbetweenshieldandground.Thisiscausedbythecapacitivecharging
currentofthecableinsulationthatisontheorderof1mA/ftofconductorlength.
Thiscurrentnormallyows,atpowerfrequency,betweentheconductorandtheearthelectrodeofthecable,normallytheshield.
Inaddition,theshieldormetallicsheathprovidesafaultreturnpathintheeventofinsulationfailure,permi ingrapidoperation
oftheprotectiondevices.
InordertoreduceCirculatingcurrentandelectricpotentialdierencebetweenthesheathingsofsinglecorethreephasecables,
thesheathingisgroundedandbondedatoneorbothendsofthecables.Ifthecableislong,doublebondinghastobecarriedout
whichleadstocirculatingcurrentsandincreasedtotalpowerloss.Raisingthesheathsresistance,bydecreasingitscrosssection
andincreasingitsresistivity,canreducethisalmosttothelevelofthecorelosses.
However,incaseofanearthfault,aconsiderableportionofthefaultcurrentowsthroughtheincreasedsheathresistance,
creatingmuchhigherpowerinthesheathsthaninthefaultycore.Asimplesolution,aconductorrodburiedintothesoilabove
orunderthecablecandivertthispowerfromthesheaths.

CableScreen:

(1)Purposeofcablescreen:

(h ps://electricalnotes.les.wordpress.com/2011/12/a.png)
Cablescreencontrolstheelectriceldstressinthecableinsulation.
CableScreenProvidesreturnpathforCableneutralandfaultcurrent.

IfthescreenisearthedattwoendsthanitprovidesShieldingforelectromagneticradiation.
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IfthescreenisearthedattwoendsthanitprovidesShieldingforelectromagneticradiation.
Enclosingdangeroushighvoltagewithearthpotentialforsafety.

(2)Purposeofbondingcablescreensatbothends:

Theelectricpowerlossesinacablecircuitaredependentonthecurrentsowinginthemetallicsheathsofthecablessoby
reducingthecurrentowsinmetallicsheathbydierentmethodsofbondingwecanincreasestheloadcurrentcarryingcapacity
(ampacity)ofthecable.
Itprovideslowimpedancefaultcurrentreturnpathandprovidesneutralpointforthecircuit.
Itprovidesshieldingofelectromagneticeld.

(3)Inducedvoltage&circulatingcirculatingcurrentincablescreen:

ElectromagneticcouplingbetweenthecoreandscreenElectromagneticscreen.
Ifthecablescreenissinglepointbonded,noelectricalcontinuityandmmfgeneratesavoltage.
Ifthecablescreenisbondedatbothends,themmfwillcausecirculatingcurrenttoowifthereiselectricalcontinuity.
Thecirculatingcurrentproducesanopposingmagneticeld.
SuitablebondingmethodshouldbeemployedtomeetthestandingvoltagelimitandkeepCirculatingcurrenttoanacceptable
level.

LayingMethodofCable:

ThethreeSinglecorecablesina3phasecircuitcanbeplacedindierentformations.Typicalformationsincludetrefoil
(triangular)andatformations.

(1)TrefoilFormation:

(https://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/b.png)
(https://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/2.png)

Tominimizetheelectromechanicalforcesbetweenthecablesundershortcircuitconditions,andtoavoideddycurrentheatingin
nearbysteelworkduetomagneticeldssetupbyloadcurrents,thethreesinglecorecablescomprisingthethreephasesofa3
phasecircuitarealwaysrunclampedinTrefoilformation.
Advantage:

1.ThistypeofFormationminimizesthesheathcirculatingcurrentsinducedbythemagneticuxlinkingthecableconductorsand
metallicsheathorcopperwirescreens.
2.Thiscongurationisgenerallyusedforcablesoflowervoltages(33to132kV)andofsmallerconductorsizes.

Disadvantages:

1.Thetrefoilformationisnotappropriateforheatdissipationbecausethereisanappreciablemutualheatingeectofthethree
cables.
2.Thecumulatedheatincablesandcabletrenchhastheeectofreducingthecableratingandacceleratingthecableageing.

(2)FlatFormation:
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(h ps://electricalnotes.les.wordpress.com/2011/12/c.png)

ThisisamostcommonmethodforLayingLTCable.
Thisformationisappropriateforheatdissipationandtoincreasecablerating.
TheFormationchoiceistotallydeepenedonseveralfactorslikescreenbondingmethod,conductorareaandavailablespacefor
installation.

TypeofCoreandInducedVoltage:

(1)ThreeCoreCable:

ForLTapplication,typicallyforbelow11kV.
WellbalancedmagneticeldfromThreePhase.
Inducedvoltagesfromthreephasessumtozeroalongtheentirelengthofthecable.
Cablescreenshouldbeearthedatbothends
Virtuallyzeroinducedvoltageorcirculatingcurrentundersteadystateoperation.

(2)SingleCoreCable:

ForHVapplication,typicallyfor11kVandabove.
Singlecorecablesneglectstheuseofferromagneticmaterialforscreen,sheathandarmoring.
Inducedvoltageismainlycontributedbythecorecurrentsinitsownphaseandothertwophases.Ifcablesarelaidinacompact
andsymmetricalformation,inducedinthescreencanbeminimized.
AsuitablescreenbondingmethodshouldbeusedforsinglecorecablestopreventExcessivecirculatingcurrent,highinduced
standingvoltage.ighvoltage.

AccessoriesforHTCableSheathBonding:

(1)FunctionofLinkBox?

LinkBoxiselectricallyandmechanicallyoneoftheintegralaccessoriesofHVundergroundabovegroundcablebondingsystem,
associatedwithHVXLPEpowercablesystems.
Linkboxesareusedwithcablejointsandterminationstoprovideeasyaccesstoshieldbreaksfortestpurposesandtolimit
voltagebuilduponthesheath

(h ps://electricalnotes.les.wordpress.com/2011/12/v.png)

Lightning,faultcurrentsandswitchingoperationscancauseovervoltagesonthecablesheath.Thelinkboxoptimizesloss
managementinthecableshieldoncablesgroundedbothsides.
InHTCablethebondingsystemissodesignedthatthecablesheathsarebondedandearthedorwithSVLinsuchwayasto
eliminateorreducethecirculatingsheathcurrents.
LinkBoxesareusedwithcablejointsandterminationstoprovideeasyaccesstoshieldbreaksfortestpurposesandtolimit
voltagebuilduponthesheath.Thelinkboxispartofbondingsystem,whichisessentialofimprovingcurrentcarryingcapacity
andhumanprotection.

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(2)SheathVoltageLimiters(SVL)(SurgeArrestors):

SVLisprotectivedevicetolimitinducevoltagesappearingonthebondedcablesystemduetoshortcircuit.
ItisnecessarytotSVLsbetweenthemetallicscreenandgroundinsidethelinkbox.Thescreenseparationofpowercablejoint
(insulatedjoint)willbeprotectedagainstpossibledamagesasaresultofinducedvoltagescausedbyshortcircuit/breakdown.

TypeofSheathBondingforHTCable:

ThereisnormallyThreeTypeofBondingforLT/HTCableScreen.

(1)SinglePointBonded.

1.OneSideSinglePointBondedSystem.
2.SplitSinglePointBondedSystem.

(2)BothEndBondedSystem

(3)CrossBondedSystem

(1)Singlepointbondedsystem:

(A)OneSideSingleBondedSystem:

Asystemissinglepointbondedifthearrangementsaresuchthatthecablesheathsprovidenopathfortheowofcirculating
currentsorexternalfaultcurrents.
Thisisthesimplestformofspecialbonding.Thesheathsofthethreecablesectionsareconnectedandgroundedatonepoint
onlyalongtheirlength.Atallotherpointstherewillbeavoltagebetweensheathandgroundandbetweenscreensofadjacent
phasesofthecablecircuitthatwillbeatitsmaximumatthefarthestpointfromthegroundbond.
Thisinducedvoltageisproportionaltothecablelengthandcurrent.Singlepointbondingcanonlybeusedforlimitedroute
lengths,butingeneraltheacceptedscreenvoltagepotentiallimitsthelength

(h ps://electricalnotes.les.wordpress.com/2011/12/11.png)

Thesheathsmustthereforebeadequatelyinsulatedfromground.Sincethereisnoclosedsheathcircuit,exceptthroughthe
sheathvoltagelimiter,currentdoesnotnormallyowlongitudinallyalongthesheathsandnosheathcirculationcurrentloss
occurs.
Opencircuitincablescreen,nocirculatingcurrent.
Zerovoltattheearthedend,standingvoltageattheunearthedend.
OptionalPVCinsulatedearthcontinuityconductorrequiredtoprovidepathforfaultcurrent,ifreturningfromearthis
undesirable,suchasinacoalmine.
SVLinstalledattheunearthedendtoprotectthecableinsulationduringfaultconditions.
Inducedvoltageproportionaltothelengthofthecableandthecurrentcarriedinthecable.
Zerovoltwithrespecttotheearthgridvoltageattheearthedend,standingvoltageattheunearthedend.
Circulatingcurrentintheearthcontinuityconductorisnotsignicant,asmagneticeldsfromphasesarepartiallybalanced.
Themagnitudeofthestandingvoltageisdependedonthemagnitudeofthecurrentowsinthecore,muchhigherifthereisan
earthfault.
HighvoltageappearsontheunearthedendcancausearcinganddamageouterPVCsheath.
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HighvoltageappearsontheunearthedendcancausearcinganddamageouterPVCsheath.
Thevoltageonthescreenduringafaultalsodependsontheearthingcondition.

Standingvoltageattheunearthedendduringearthfaultcondition.

Duringagroundfaultonthepowersystemthezerosequencecurrentcarriedbythecableconductorscouldreturnbywhatever
externalpathsareavailable.Agroundfaultintheimmediatevicinityofthecablecancausealargedierenceingroundpotential
risebetweenthetwoendsofthecablesystem,posinghazardstopersonnelandequipment.
Forthisreason,singlepointbondedcableinstallationsneedaparallelgroundconductor,groundedatbothendsofthecable
routeandinstalledveryclosetothecableconductors,tocarrythefaultcurrentduringgroundfaultsandtolimitthevoltagerise
ofthesheathduringgroundfaultstoanacceptablelevel.
Theparallelgroundcontinuityconductorisusuallyinsulatedtoavoidcorrosionandtransposed,ifthecablesarenottransposed,
toavoidcirculatingcurrentsandlossesduringnormaloperatingconditions.
Voltageattheunearthedendduringanearthfaultconsistsoftwovoltagecomponents.Inducedvoltageduetofaultcurrentin
thecore.

Advantage:

Nocirculatingcurrent.
Noheatinginthecablescreen.
Economical.

Disadvantage:

Standingvoltageattheunearthedend.
RequiresSVLifstandingvoltageduringfaultisexcessive.
Requiresadditionalearthcontinuityconductorforfaultcurrentifearthreturnedcurrentisundesirable.Highermagneticelds
aroundthecablecomparedtosolidlybondedsystem.
Standingvoltageonthecablescreenisproportionaltothelengthofthecableandthemagnitudeofcurrentinthecore.
Typicallysuitableforcablesectionslessthan500m,oronedrumlength.

(B)SplitSinglePointbondedSystem:

ItisalsoknownasdoublelengthsinglepointbondingSystem.
CablescreencontinuityisinterruptedatthemidpointandSVLsneedtobe edateachsideoftheisolationjoint.
OtherrequirementsareidenticaltosinglepointbondingsystemlikeSVL,EarthcontinuityConductor,Transpositionofearth
continuityconductor.
Eectivelytwosectionsofsinglepointbonding.
NocirculatingcurrentandZerovoltattheearthedends,standingvoltageatthesectionalizingjoint.

(h ps://electricalnotes.les.wordpress.com/2011/12/21.png)

Advantages:

Nocirculatingcurrentinthescreen.
Noheatingeectinthecablescreen.
Suitableforlongercablesectioncomparedtosinglepointbondingsystemandsolidlybondedsinglecoresystem.
Economical.

Disadvantages:

Standingvoltageexistsatthescreenandsectionalizinginsulationjoint.
RequiresSVLtoprotecttheunearthedend.
Requiresseparateearthcontinuityconductorforzerosequencecurrent.
Notsuitableforcablesectionsover1000m.
Suitablefor300~1000mlongcablesections,doublethelengthofsinglepointbondingsystem.
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Suitablefor300~1000mlongcablesections,doublethelengthofsinglepointbondingsystem.

(2)BothEndSolidlyBonded(Singlecorecable)systems.

MostSimpleandCommonmethod.
Cablescreenisbondedtoearthgridsatbothends(vialinkbox).
ToeliminatetheinducedvoltagesinCableScreenistobond(Earth)thesheathatbothendsofthecablecircuit.
Thiseliminatestheneedfortheparallelcontinuityconductorusedinsinglebondingsystems.Italsoeliminatestheneedto
provideSVL,suchasthatusedatthefreeendofsinglepointbondingcablecircuits
SignicantcirculatingcurrentinthescreenProportionaltothecorecurrentandcablelengthandderatescable.
Couldlaycableincompacttrefoilformationifpermissible.
Suitableforroutelengthofmorethan500Meter.
Verysmallstandingvoltageintheorderofseveralvolts.

(h ps://electricalnotes.les.wordpress.com/2011/12/4.png)

Advantages:

Minimummaterialrequired.
Mosteconomicalifheatingisnotamainissue.
Providespathforfaultcurrent,minimizingearthreturncurrentandEGVRatcabledestination.
Doesnotrequirescreenvoltagelimiter(SVL).
Lesselectromagneticradiation.

Disadvantages:

Providespathforcirculatingcurrent.
Heatingeectsincablescreen,greaterlosses.Cablethereforemightneedtobederatedorlargercablerequired.
TransfersvoltagesbetweensiteswhenthereisanEGVRatonesite.
Canlaycablesintrefoilformationtoreducescreenlosses.
Normallyappliestoshortcablesectionoftensofmeterslong.Circulatingcurrentisproportionaltothelengthofthecableand
themagnitudeoftheloadcurrent.

(3)Crossbondedcablesystem.

Asystemiscrossbondedifthearrangementsaresuchthatthecircuitprovideselectricallycontinuoussheathrunsfromearthed
terminationtoearthedterminationbutwiththesheathssosectionalizedandcrossconnectedinordertoreducethesheath
circulatingcurrents.
InThisTypevoltagewillbeinducedbetweenscreenandearth,butnosignicantcurrentwillow.
Themaximuminducedvoltagewillappearatthelinkboxesforcrossbonding.Thismethodpermitsacablecurrentcarrying
capacityashighaswithsinglepointbondingbutlongerroutelengthsthanthela er.Itrequiresscreenseparationandadditional
linkboxes.
Forcrossbonding,thecablelengthisdividedintothreeapproximatelyequalsections.Eachofthethreealternatingmagnetic
eldsinducesavoltagewithaphaseshiftof120inthecableshields.
Thecrossbondingtakesplaceinthelinkboxes.Ideally,thevectorialadditionoftheinducedvoltagesresultsinU(Rise)=0.In
practice,thecablelengthandthelayingconditionswillvary,resultinginasmallresidualvoltageandanegligiblecurrent.Since
thereisnocurrentow,therearepracticallynolossesinthescreen.
Thetotalofthethreevoltagesiszero,thustheendsofthethreesectionscanbegrounded.
Summingupinducedvoltageinsectionalizedscreenfromeachphaseresultinginneutralizationofinducedvoltagesinthree 6/13
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Summingupinducedvoltageinsectionalizedscreenfromeachphaseresultinginneutralizationofinducedvoltagesinthree
consecutiveminorsections.
Normallyonedrumlength(500mapprox)perminorsection.
Sectionalizingpositionandcablejointingpositionshouldbecoincident.
Solidlyearthedatmajorsectionjoints.
Transposecablecoretobalancethemagnitudeofinducedvoltagestobesummedup.
Linkboxshouldbeusedateverysectionalizingjointandbalancedimpedanceinallphases.
Inducedvoltagemagnitudeprolealongthescreenofamajorsectioninthecrossbondingcablesystem.
VirtuallyzerocirculatingcurrentandVoltagetotheremoteearthatthesolidlyearthedends.
Inordertoobtainoptimalresult,twocrossesexist.OneisTranspositionofcablecorecrossingcablecoreateachsectionand
secondisCrossbondthecablescreenseectivelynotranspositionofscreen.
Crossbondingofcablescreen:ItiscancelledinducedvoltageinthescreenateverymajorSectionjoint.
Transpositionofcables:Itisensurevoltagestobesummeduphavesimilarmagnitude.Greaterstandingvoltageatthescreenof
theoutercable.
Standingvoltagesexistatscreenandmajorityofsectionjointscableandjointsmustbeinstalledasaninsulatedscreensystem.

(h ps://electricalnotes.les.wordpress.com/2011/12/5.png)

Requirementoftransposeforcablescore.

Ifcorenottransposed,notwellneutralizedresultinginsomecirculatingcurrents.
Cableshouldbetransposedandthescreenneedstobecrossbondedateachsectionalizingjointpositionforoptimal
neutralization

(h ps://electricalnotes.les.wordpress.com/2011/12/6.png)

Advantage:

Notrequiredanyearthcontinuityconductor.
Virtuallyzerocirculatingcurrentinthescreen.
Standingvoltageinthescreeniscontrolled.
Technicallysuperiorthanothermethods.
Suitableforlongdistancecablenetwork.

Disadvantage:

Technicallycomplicated.
Moreexpensive.

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BondingMethodComparison:

Sheath
Standing
Voltage
EarthingMethod Voltageat Application
Limiter
CableEnd
Required

SingleEndBonding Yes Yes Upto500Meter

DoubleEndBonding No No Upto1KmandSubstations
shortconnections,hardly
appliedforHVcables,ratherfor
MVandLVcables
CrossBonding Onlyatcross Yes Longdistanceconnectionswhere
bonding jointsarerequired
points

SheathLossesaccordingtotypeofBonding:

Sheathlossesarecurrentdependentlossesandaregeneratedbytheinducedcurrentswhenloadcurrentowsincable
conductors.
Thesheathcurrentsinsinglecorecablesareinducedbytransformereect;i.e.bythemagneticeldofalternatingcurrent
owingincableconductorwhichinducesvoltagesincablesheathorotherparallelconductors.
Thesheathinducedelectromotiveforces(EMF)generatetwotypesoflosses:circulatingcurrentlosses(Y1)andeddycurrent
losses(Y2),sothetotallossesincablemetallicsheathare:Y=Y1+Y2
Theeddycurrentscirculatingradiallyandlongitudinallyofcablesheathsaregeneratedonsimilarprinciplesofskinand
proximityeectsi.e.theyareinducedbytheconductorcurrents,sheathcirculatingcurrentsandbycurrentscirculatinginclose
proximitycurrentcarryingconductors.
Theyaregeneratedincablesheathirrespectiveofbondingsystemofsinglecorecablesorofthreecorecables
Theeddycurrentsaregenerallyofsmallermagnitudewhencomparingwithcircuit(circulating)currentsofsolidlybondedcable
sheathsandmaybeneglectsexceptinthecaseoflargesegmentalconductorsandarecalculatedinaccordancewithformulae
givenintheIEC60287.
Circulatingcurrentsaregeneratedincablesheathifthesheathsformaclosedloopwhenbondedtogetherattheremoteendsor
intermediatepointsalongthecableroute.
Theselossesarenamedsheathcirculatingcurrentlossesandtheyaredeterminedbythemagnitudeofcurrentincableconductor,
frequency,meandiameter,theresistanceofcablesheathandthedistancebetweensinglecorecables.

Conclusion:

Thereismuchdisagreementastowhetherthecableshieldshouldbegroundedatbothendsoratonlyoneend.Ifgroundedat
onlyoneend,anypossiblefaultcurrentmusttraversethelengthfromthefaulttothegroundedend,imposinghighcurrenton
theusuallyverylightshieldconductor.Suchacurrentcouldreadilydamageordestroytheshieldandrequirereplacementofthe
entirecableratherthanonlythefaultedsection.
Withbothendsgrounded,thefaultcurrentwoulddivideandowtobothends,reducingthedutyontheshield,with
consequentlylesschanceofdamage.
Multiplegrounding,ratherthanjustgroundingatbothends,issimplythegroundingofthecableshieldorsheathatallaccess
points,suchasmanholesorpullboxes.Thisalsolimitspossibleshielddamagetoonlythefaultedsection.

References:

1.Mi onConsulting.
2.EMElectricals

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FILEDUNDERUNCATEGORIZED

AboutJignesh.Parmar
JigneshParmarhascompletedM.Tech(PowerSystemControl),B.E(Electrical)fromGujaratUniversity.Hehasmorethan14years
experienceinPowerTransmissionPowerDistributionElectricalenergytheftdetectionElectricalMaintenanceElectrical
Projects(PlanningDesigningcoordinationExecution).HeisPresentlyassociatewithoneoftheleadingbusinessgroupasaDeputy
ManageratAhmedabad,India.HeisFreelancerProgrammerofAdvanceExcelanddesignusefulExcelSheetsofElectrical
EngineeringasperIS,NEC,IEC,IEEEcodes.HeistechnicalAuthorforElectricalMirrorandElectricalIndiaMagazines.Heis
TechnicalBloggerandFamiliarwithEnglish,Hindi,Gujarati,Frenchlanguages.HewantstoSharehisexperience&knowledgeand
helptechnicalenthusiaststondsuitablesolutionsandupdatingthemselvesonvariousEngineeringTopics.

34ResponsestoEHV/HVCableSheathEarthing

AnandRaosays:
December21,2011at4:43pm
DearJigneshji,
Iamworkingina3x300MWThermalPowerplant.The300MW,20KVGeneratorisconnectedtothe400KVswitchyardthru
400/20KVtrafoandwehavea315MVA,400/220KVInterconnectingtransformerbetweenthe400to220KVyards.
(a)Wehavea220/6.6KV50MVAstationtransformer(ForStartuppower)in220KVswitchyardwhichenergises2Nos.6.6KV
STATIONswitchboards.
(b)Thereisalso2Nos.of20/6.6KV,20MVAUnitAuxTransformersconnectedtoGeneratorterminals.Theseenergise2Nos.of
6.6KVUnitswitchboards.
(c)ThereisaTIEBREAKERbetween6.6KVStationand6.6KVunitswitchboards.
(d)Beforesynchronising,6.6KVUnitboardischargedfrom6.6KVStationboard(UnitboardincomerOFF)byclosingStationto
UnitTiebreakerandallAuxiliariesonUnitboardgetpowerfrom6.6KVStationBoard.
(e)Afterwesynchroniseto400KVgridandaregeneratingsome30to40MWs,weSynchCheckacrossUnitincomerbreaker
andchangeoversupplyfrom6.6KVStationtrafotoUnitAuxTrafoandswitchOFFtiebetweenUnitandStation.So,all
AuxiliariesarenowfedfromUnitAuxTrafo.ThisiscalledMANUALCHANGEOVER.
(f)Ifplanttrips,theunitincomerbreakertrips,thetiebetweenStationUnitreclosesandallAuxiliariesareSwitchedbackto
theStationboard(FASTCHANGEOVER).
(g)TheSynchcheckrelay(ToallowFASTchangeover)issetat10degrees(Phaseangledi),7.5%(Voltagedi)and0.2Hz(Freq
di).
TheSynchcheckrelayisnormallygivingSynchOKsignalduringnormaloperation(ie.with300MWsynchronisedto400KV
grid,400/2220KVICTisONandAux.on6.6KVunitboard).Recently,synchcheckrelaystartedgivingNotOKsignal.On
checking,wendminimalvoltagedierence(<1%)butaPhaseangledierenceof7.3degreesbetweenstationandUnittrafo
6.6KVvoltageseventhoughboth400KVand220KVgridsareconnected,
Unittrafoto6.6KVunitboardisthruBusduct(60metres)andStationTrafoto6.6KVStationboardis800metresXLPEcable.
CanthecablegivethisphaseshiftweareseeingbetweenUnitandStationboards?
AnandRao
anand_rao_67@redimail.com

Reply
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Reply
waqassays:
December22,2011at9:05am
excellentpresentationreally..veryuseful..

Regards,

WaqasAhmed

Reply
zahisays:
January1,2012at1:21am
pleaseifweareinstallinga600Afeederusingsingleconductorcables.inordertoeliminatesheathcurrenteswhatweshoulddo
A)usecableconnectorsthatcanaccommodatebondingjumpers
B)usenonferrousmetalicplatesatbothendsoftheconductors
C)Groundthesupplysideandisolatetheloadside
D)isolateboththesupplyandtheloadsidefromearth
thanksforyourinteresting

Reply
C.K.Bharathysays:
March16,2012at3:57am
HelloJignesh

Ifoundyourdocumentveryhelpful.Thefaultlevelexceedingthescreencapacityistheissue.TheThreephasefault(max)is14
kA.The11kVcable300Sqmmcablewithscreenscreenfaultratingis10kAfor1second.Thescreenbondedtoearthatboth
ends.FromyournotesIgatheronlyaportionoftheshortcircuitcurrentowsthroughsheath(orsometimesscreen).Istherea
waytoestimatethemaxpossiblecurrentowthroughscreen?

Regards
Bharathy

Reply
zahisays:
March16,2012at9:31pm
ThanksforyourinterestedandIndyouranswerwiththedetailes.SO
othankyouagain.
ZahiEzzat

Reply
YasirLiaquatsays:
May8,2012at4:44am
Jigneeshbrotherthanxalot.imge ingknowledgefromyourSiteandyourExperience.thanksagain

Reply
victorsays:
May13,2012at2:02pm
Thearticleisveryinformative.Thanksforsharingandmorepowertoyoujignesh.

Reply
SRsays:
June19,2012at3:57pm
Nicecollectionofinformationfromallgoodbooksandpresentinginaniceunderstandableform.Goodeort.Keepitupand
continuetodothis.

Reply
gopinathsays:
September9,2012at9:00am
isitrequeretolayearthingcablesalongwithhvcablebetweebsubsationssubais11kvconnecteedtohvswitchgearconectedto
transformeratsubblengthis1km

Reply
Jignesh.Parmarsays:
September9,2012at10:15am
SeparateEarthCable/EarthstripisrequiredalongwithHVCable.Welaidmorethan2kmlengthEarthStripalongwith
66KVXLPECable.

Reply
Faisalb.Hareezsays:
September11,2012at3:17pm
Veryusefulinfoindeed.Sincerelyappreciate.

Reply
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Reply
Vijayakumarsays:
February23,2013at9:16am
DearMr.Jignesh,Thanksforaninformativearticle.Iamlookingforthefollowinginformation.1)voltagelimitsattheremote
endofthesinglecorecablesearthedatoneend.2)isitpreferabletoearththecableatsourceendortheloadendincaseof
earthingatoneend3)whentoconsiderderatingofcableincaseofearthingthearmoratbothendsofthecable(arethereany
standards).

Reply
Mr.PrashantInamdarsays:
March28,2013at11:19am
Thisisreallyagoodarticletoread.
OnepointIdidnotunderstandfromaboveinbothendgroundingSVLisshowninonesideandtheinducevoltagegraphisalso
notclear.Pleasecorrectmeasasperunderstandingitshouldbebellcurvestratfromzerofromoneendandrisesatcenterand
zeroonotherend.

Reply
HardikPatelsays:
April4,2013at11:15am
DearJigneshBhai,

Thankyouforaboveveryneedfulinformationbutiwouldliketoknowthathowtocalculatetheinsulationlevelforsheath
bondingforhighvoltagecable.

Reply
ramansays:
May20,2013at6:50am
HowtocheckifthecableisdamagedorOKbeforelaying.

Reply
prasannakumarsays:
August19,2013at7:52am
Thisverygood&informativetech.article.

Kindlywhichcableissuitableforsheathcabletobeusedfor66kVcableslinkbox.eitherPVCorXLPE.Isthereanytech.specas
perIEC

Reply
ravisays:
September12,2013at3:32pm
sir,wehavealotofpowercablesHT&LTinourplant.Recentlyiabosrvedsomeofthecablesearthstripconnectedtoearthat
oneendofthecableandthesomeofthecablesearthstripareconnectedtoearthatbothends.whatistheadvantagesofsingle
endconnectionandalsowhatisthedisadvantagesofthebothendsearthinginthesystem.

Reply
MustakulAlamsays:
December22,2013at11:38am
howmanyearthingshouldbethereina33KVundergroundcable???

Reply
Hubaibusays:
December31,2013at11:33am
Couldyoupleasesuggest,isthereanyIEEEorIECstandardprescribingthemaximumallowedCirculatingcurrentinconductor
Transposedandcrossbonded132kVcablesystem.

Reply
GulzarShaikhsays:
January20,2014at3:18pm
whysinglecorecableshieldeartisconnectingonlyoneside

Reply
Chandrashekarsays:
February24,2014at9:22am
IsthereanystandardsforsinglepointearthingofsheathofsinglecoreEHVXLPEUGCables?Also,Couldyoupleasesuggest,
astowatsthenormalprocedureforprovidingsheathearthingWhetherSVListobeprovidedatsourceendorloadendand
why??Thanx&Regards,

Reply
PKsays:
April10,2014at8:08pm
DearJignesh.Parmar

IamSeniorProjectEngineerforsubstationProject.InMyprojectthereis185mtrLong66KVsinglecore,300Sq.mmcable
https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2011/12/21/ehvhvcablesheathearthing/ 11/13
29/3/2017 EHV/HVCableSheathEarthing|ElectricalNotes&Articles
IamSeniorProjectEngineerforsubstationProject.InMyprojectthereis185mtrLong66KVsinglecore,300Sq.mmcable
undergroundXLPEcablewhichishavingaluminiumarmour.Wehavedonecableterminationandprovidedprovisionfor
earthingonbothside.Theearthingstripisjoingboththearmourandsemiconductorscreen.Sinceitissinglecorecable,Ihave
doneearthingononlyonesidetoavoidcirculatingcurrent.Whencableischarged,itisholdingfor48hoursandgotblasted
wherethereiscableterminationisdone.Theashoveristakingplacewherethereisearthingprovisionisdone.Ithappenedlike
thisfourtimes.Wehaveredonetheterminationandchargedthecableagain.Theashoveristakingplaceonetimethisendand
nexttimeanotherendalternatively.IhavecheckedthedistanceprotectionrelayfaultrecordandfoundDirectionalEarthfault
withtriptime52ms.Idonotunderstandwhatcouldbetheexactcauseofthisproblem.Kindlyassistme.

Reply
Shabansays:
December29,2014at5:11am
Anymathematicalexplanationorproofforge ingthesinglepointbondingandcrossbondinggraphs?Pleasereferanymaterial
thatcanhelp

Reply
Towanasays:
June2,2015at6:52pm
IfMVcablealuminumarmour,ineedtobeconnectwithscreanandbothofthemtoearth?

Reply
somanshsays:
September30,2015at5:44pm
DearJigneshji,

Iamcurrrenltyworkingfor150kVcabledesign.itisa3kmpowercableandhascrossbondedsystem.Nowifireadevery
literatureforcrossbondingitsayseqaulminorsectionlenght,butnoonetalksaboutcablesize.Ifidivide3kminequalminor
section1kmeachandigoforrst1kmofcablewith1200sqmmandthensecond1kmwith1600sqmmandthenanother1km
with1600sqmmsohowdoesthiseectthecrossbondedsystem.Iknowthatthissystemwillhavecircualtingcurrrentbecause
duetogeometryofdierentcables.

Isthereanycabledesignedwithtwodierentsizesofcableasabove?

whatdisadvantagesdoesthismixandmatchofcablesizeshas?

Reply
Somanshsays:
October2,2015at9:56am
Hiall,

Ihavequestionregardingcrossbonding.Canthedierentcablesizesbeusedineachminorsectionofonemajorsection?i.e1200
sqmmonrstminorsection,then1600sqmmandthen1200sqmmforminorsection.

Reply
Normansays:
October29,2015at7:41pm
HiJigneshji,

Isitpossibletoadviseofthemethodtocalculatethecirculatingcurrentandstandingvoltageofa300mmSingleCore12.7/22kV
CuPVCAWAPVCCable.Wehaveasituationwherethecablelaidintrefoil,theendsfaulted(blew)fourtimesoveraperiodof8
monthsandcauseddamagetothecableinsomesectionsofa900mlength,theendswerebondedatbothends.Canyouadviseif
thereisanywaythatwecanassessifthecablesmustbereplaced.

Reply
Javiersays:
December3,2015at5:39pm
Whatdoesitrecommendforalineof145kVof1800moflength,alonewhereIhaveanalonejunction?.Isitnecessarytoconsider
cableofcontinuity?

Reply
VenkataChalapathisays:
December16,2015at1:31pm
TherepresentationofOnesideSinglePointbondeddiagramappearsincorrectastherewillbeSheathvoltagelimiters(SVL)tobe
shownontherighthandside.

Reply
VenkataChalapathisays:
December16,2015at1:40pm
Youcan,providingtheimpedanceisbalancedbetweenall3minorsections.i.e.X1L1=X2L2=X3L3.inthiswaytheinduced
voltagesarebalancedanddoesnotresultincirculatingsheathlosses.Notethatprominentfactorinbalancingtheimpedanceis
theinductivereactancewhichisafunctionofspacingbetweencables.

Reply
https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2011/12/21/ehvhvcablesheathearthing/ 12/13
29/3/2017 EHV/HVCableSheathEarthing|ElectricalNotes&Articles
Reply
EIHABsays:
March2,2016at7:05am
maximumpermissiblecurrentis3%indirectburiedtrenchand5%ofinjectedcurrentinducts(atformation)

Reply
Npremsays:
June29,2016at1:58pm
hi,iamworkingincableEHVcableworksnowiamfacingproblemwithonecircuitconsistofbothsingle&crossbonding
earthingsystemiamunabletomatchsequenceimpedancecananyonehelpmetosolvethisissue

Reply
nguyennamsays:
July16,2016at4:07am
HelloJignesh!
Youcanprovidingforme:thestandardsaboutSheathEarthingforcableMV22kV.Tkssomuch!!

Reply
SiddharthSathesays:
February9,2017at2:32pm
HelloMr.Jignesh

Weareprovidingalinkboxsolutionforacablewhichislaidonabridge.thecontractorisalsolayinga4thsetofcableasspare
incaseoffaultandfailureofonephase.Theywanttoconnectthissparephasetothelinkbox.Butinmyopinionthisisnot
requiredandwillunderminetheuseofcrossbonding.

Canyousuggestifgroundingofthis4thcablesetisevenrequired?Andifrequired,crossbonding4cables,whatwillbethe
implicationontheinducedvoltageonall4cables?

Reply

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2011/12/21/ehvhvcablesheathearthing/ 13/13