FOR ACTIVISTS AND INTERNATIONAL MEMBERS

JUNE / JULY 2010 VOLUME 40 ISSUE 003

WORLD CUP 2010

PASS THE BALL
FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
It’s been a year since…
Amnesty International launched the Demand Dignity Campaign, calling
for an end to human rights violations that keep people poor. In its first
year, the campaign has focused on four key areas: maternal mortality of
women and girls in poverty, the rights of people living in slums, human
rights abuses by corporations, and the legal enforcement of economic,
social and cultural rights.
So how have we been doing?
In September 2009, we launched our campaign to reduce maternal
mortality in Sierra Leone. On 27 April 2010, the government of Sierra
Leone announced a free-care policy for pregnant and lactating women,
and for children under the age of five.
In June 2009, our report, Kenya: the unseen majority, called for an end
to forced evictions and other human rights violations in Nairobi’s slums.
In September 2009, the Kenyan government reiterated its commitment to
draft national eviction guidelines that will incorporate safeguards and
due process.
These are just two examples of how the Demand Dignity Campaign has
been effecting real change. Your letters, postcards, petitions, and online
activism are doing the job.
We still have so much more to do. Go to demanddignity.org to get
up-to-date information and take action.

THIS IS

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 THIS WIRE
INSIDE
STAND UP UNITED 11 REASONS
As the World Cup gets underway
in South Africa, WIRE introduces TO BE A
you to Stand Up United: our team WORLD
of 11 human rights defenders from
around the world. Read their stories
CHAMPION
and support their work. PAGE 2

WORLD CUP
ACTIVISM TOOLKIT
Put together your own team of human rights
champions and organize football-themed events.
There are some ideas on how to do this on PAGE 12.
Everything else you need is in the INSERT.
CONTENTS
Q&A
Salil Shetty, Amnesty International’s
new Secretary General, talks to WIRE
about his work for the UN Millennium
Campaign and his thoughts on his
new role. PAGE 13

PURSUING JUSTICE:
FOR ALL RIGHTS, FOR ALL PEOPLE
With the launch of the Amnesty International Report
2010: the state of the world’s human rights,
Claudio Cordone, interim Secretary General of
Amnesty International, examines the key challenges
in the effort to guarantee accountability and justice
for human rights violations. PAGE 15

CAMPAIGN FOR
INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE
Join Amnesty International’s call for
an effective international justice system.
PAGE 19

WORLD REFUGEE DAY

European governments continue to
forcibly return people to Iraq despite
the ongoing violence in the country.
Call on them to stop. PAGE 20
ACT NOW
WORLDWIDE
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]

APPEALS
READ,
DISTRIBUTE,
ACT
SEE OUR INSERT
1
 11 REASONS
TO BE A
WORLD
STAND UP UNITED
CHAMPION
AMINA
JANJUA
ENFORCED
DISAPPEARANCES
IN PAKISTAN
“I was not aware of enforced
disappearance in my country until
my husband, Masood Janjua, was
abducted in 2005”, says Amina
Janjua. “Since then [I have felt]
unbearable grief but, at the same
time, a determination that I should not
give up – I should not accept this –
that any loved one, the friend I had,
could be taken away from me just like
that.”
For the last five years Amina
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
Janjua has been campaigning to end
enforced disappearances. She has
brought together many families whose
relatives have disappeared in Pakistan
to create a network of activists,
2
called Defence of Human Rights,
who regularly protest outside the
© Amnesty International
parliament and stage rallies around
the country.
“We were doing this because
we were ourselves the victims of
enforced disappearance – somebody
was missing from our families. So all
of the victims’ families held each
others’ hands and then we started this
network to find answers and clues
about our loved ones and now we
have registered 788 cases.”
Amina Janjua’s husband
disappeared on 30 July 2005 with his
friend Faisal Faraz. She has had no
news of him since. It is believed that
As football teams compete at the 2010 World Cup,
another team is also rising to the challenge,
determined to succeed. This team is not playing in
South Africa – its members are scattered all over the
world. And unlike a football team, every one of them
is a defender. A human rights defender.
These 11 ordinary – yet extraordinary – people are
standing up for their rights, and for yours. Many
of them have been intimidated or threatened, and
sometimes even risk their lives to defend rights.
But they are able to continue their work because
they have supporters all around the globe.
Be a world champion; support the human rights team
Stand Up United by taking action now. You can sign
and send emails, or print out full versions of the
action letters at www.amnesty.org/worldcup2010
Join the defenders
the Pakistani security forces
apprehended both men and that the
Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan’s
intelligence agency, has been holding
Urge the Pakistani Prime Minister
to end enforced disappearances
them in secret without charge or trial.
The agency has repeatedly denied any
and illegal detention in Pakistan,
which deny individuals their
fundamental right to due process,
knowledge of their whereabouts
despite eyewitness testimony of their and to investigate and make
detention.
“Since that day I have not rested.
It has been my conviction and my
available any information regarding
the fate and whereabouts of all
individuals who have been subjected
dedication that I will find my husband to enforced disappearance.
and bring back the father of my three
innocent children”, says Amina. “I will Please also call for those state
make him a symbol for all those who officials who are suspected of being
have disappeared, for the love of all responsible for ordering or carrying
the wives, for the love of all the out enforced disappearances to be
mothers who are now suffering held accountable.
because their loved one was taken
away by force. We are a hundred Please write to:
times more dedicated because we Prime Minister Gilani
are hurt ourselves, so that is the Pakistan Secretariat
reason that we do not stop and we do Constitution Avenue
not rest.” Islamabad
Pakistan
Fax: +92 51 9213780 /
+92 51 9210189
Salutation: Dear Prime Minister

CLAUDIA
LEMA
FIGHTING
MATERNAL
MORTALITY
IN PERU
“In the rural communities where we
work, all of the women know of a
relative or school friend that has
died or has [suffered] serious
consequences from pregnancy or
giving birth”, says Claudia Lema,
director of the Peruvian NGO Salud
Sin Límites (Health Unlimited). “This
is not something that happens, in my
experience, in city life and I am sure
that it does not happen to other
women in more developed countries.
It seems to me that this is very unjust
and preventable.”
WILTER
NYABATE
STOP FORCED
EVICTIONS
IN NAIROBI’S
SLUMS
“The government was just evicting
people in our area. So we built an
umbrella organization for human
rights activism. I started the activism
from Soweto East in Kibera, the others
came from all over the Nairobi area.”
Wilter Nyabate lives with her two
children in Kibera – the largest slum
in Nairobi, Kenya – which has
endured decades of neglect by the
government.
Like many of Kibera’s two million
residents, Wilter Nyabate’s family
live in poor quality housing with
little access to clean water, sanitation,
health care, education and other
essential services.
Join the defenders
insufficient information about their
© Salud Sin Límites
health in their first language.
Hundreds of pregnant women die
from preventable causes as a result of
Urge the Peruvian government to
ensure that their existing initiatives
this lack of access to health care.
Claudia Lema campaigns to raise
to reduce maternal mortality are
adequately funded, implemented
awareness of maternal health issues
among Indigenous communities and
and monitored in order to reduce
the number of preventable deaths
lobby the authorities on the right to
health for women. She says: “Human
of women in Peru, prioritizing the
poorest regions with highest
rights are not something distant, like
a treaty or a law. Human rights affect
our daily lives. Particularly the right to
maternal mortality ratios.
Please write to:
STAND UP UNITED
health, it directly affects the quality Dr Óscar Ugarte
of life of many people. Maternal Ministerio de Salud
Claudia Lema’s NGO works with mortality is a serious issue and it can (Minister of Health)
Indigenous women living in remote be prevented [if we] inform ourselves Av. Salaverry 801, Jesús Maria
areas of Peru who have limited access and put pressure, through petitions, Lima
to antenatal, postnatal and other on the Peruvian government and Peru
maternal health services more readily governments in similar situations to
available in cities. Many of these give more resources to this area.” Email: ougarteu@minsa.gob.pe
women must endure difficult journeys Fax: +511 431 0182
on foot to the nearest health centre or
pay for transport that they cannot
afford. Many health professionals
speak primarily Spanish and
Indigenous women often receive
Urge the authorities to ensure that
© Amnesty International
never gave them an alternative place
to stay. We are happy the road is there is adequate consultation with
being constructed, but the problem is
that our people were thrown out like
the affected communities. Call on
them to ensure that all those who
that.”
As a member of the community-
have to be evicted are offered
appropriate and affordable
based Soweto Forum, Wilter Nyabate
is there to remind the government of
alternative accommodation and
remedy.
its obligations. “If you are a human
rights activist and you go and act on Please write to:
behalf of the community or the
country, they sometimes listen to you,
so I am advising my fellow Kenyans
Hon. Mwai Kibaki C.G.H., MP
State House
Harambee House
and other Africans to join the struggle Harambee Avenue
and bring change.” PO Box 30510-00100
In 2008, however, the government Nairobi
began a project to improve housing. Kenya
This is a positive step, but many Join the defenders
residents fear that the new houses will Email:
be unaffordable: “If those houses will Write to Kenya’s President, president@statehousekenya.go.ke
be ours, we will be happy with the Mwai Kibaki, and to Minister of Fax: +254 20 313600, +254 20
process, but if it is a way of removing Housing Soita Shitanda and call 210150, +254 20 310948
the poor people from Nairobi to rural for an end to forced evictions.
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
areas, then we will not”, Wilter Urge the government to adopt and Hon. Soita Shitanda, MP
Nyabate says. implement guidelines for evictions Ministry of Housing
Her activism is aimed at making which comply with international Ardhi House, Ngong Road
sure that people who are evicted are human rights standards. Until then, PO Box 30119 – 00100
given an alternative place to go. a moratorium should be imposed Nairobi , Kenya
3
“When they started evicting people to on mass evictions. Tel: +254 20 2718050
construct a road in Soweto East, they Fax: +254 20 2721248

DHONDUP
WANGCHEN
CALL ON CHINA
TO RELEASE
TIBETAN
FILM-MAKER
STAND UP UNITED
“In Tibet, the Chinese authorities
are making Tibetan people suffer;
the Tibetan population is being
threatened. For these reasons my
father risked his freedom and his life.”
Eleven-year-old Tenzin Dadon has not
seen her father, Dhondup Wangchen,
for more than two years. He has been
detained in China since 2008 for
making a film about human rights in
Tibet.
Dhondup Wangchen picked up a
video camera for the first time in his
life to make the documentary Leaving
Fear Behind. “This film is about
the plight of the Tibetan people –
helpless and frustrated. The Chinese
NATAŠA
KANDIĆ
STOP THE
OBSTRUCTION
OF JUSTICE IN
SERBIA
“We need to stop talking about victims
of war crimes as if they were just
numbers without names – without
knowledge of the people, their
personal lives and without knowing
what happened to them.”
Nataša Kandić, a Serbian lawyer
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
and human rights activist, is
determined to reveal the truth about
the thousands of people who were
killed, tortured and who were victims
of enforced disappearances and
4
abductions during the break-up of the
former Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
Join the defenders
speak about their suffering.”
In March 2008, his interviews with
more than 100 Tibetans were
smuggled out of China. The edited
Write to the Chinese leader calling
on him to release Dhondup
film was shown to foreign journalists
in Beijing just days before the Olympic
Wangchen (Please remember to
include the Chinese characters of
Games in August 2008. Chinese
security forces interrupted the
his name: ) and to respect
and protect the right of Tibetans to
screening.
On 26 March 2008, Dhondup
enjoy their own culture, to practise
their religion, and to use their own
Wangchen was arrested. He escaped language.
© Filming
for Tibet
for one day in July and phoned his
cousin in Switzerland, telling him that Please write to:
during interrogation he had been Premier of the People’s
beaten, punched in the head, Republic of China
are saying that they have made so deprived of food and sleep, and tied Wen Jiabao Guojia Zongli
many improvements in Tibet. But we to a chair. The State Council General Office
don't see any improvement at all”, In June 2009, he was charged 2 Fuyoujie
says Dhondup Wangchen in his film. with “inciting separatism”. He was Xichengqu
“Tibetans are forcibly relocated. tried in secret, found guilty and in Beijingshi 100017
Nomads are not allowed to graze their December 2009 sentenced to six People's Republic of China
cattle in the pastures. Are such tight years in prison. The verdict was
controls an improvement? No! upheld on appeal in March 2010. Email: webmaster@mfa.gov.cn
“Under the pretext of setting up Amnesty International considers him Fax: +86 10 65961109
civilized cities many Tibetans are to be a prisoner of conscience. (c/o Ministry of Foreign Affairs
forced to relocate. Such buildings look or the Chinese Embassy in
nice from the outside and outsiders your country)
may think that the Tibetans are treated
very well and that they are happy. But
the truth is that Tibetans are not free to
Join the defenders
© Amnesty International
their homes and never seen alive
again. Many were killed. Although the
majority of the bodies have been
exhumed from mass graves and
Call on Serbia’s Minister of Interior,
Ivica Dačić to do everything in his
returned to their families, at least
14,000 individuals are still missing. A
power to bring the perpetrators of
enforced disappearances to justice.
lack of political will, and sometimes
deliberate government obstruction,
Urge him to ensure that former
Serbian military and police and
continues to block the investigation
and prosecution of war crimes.
other witnesses disclose full
information on any remaining
Since 1992, Nataša Kandić has
been documenting war crimes
committed by the Serbian authorities
individual or mass graves in Serbia
and Kosovo. He must also co-operate
with the Office of the War Crimes
and assisting the victims. She founded Prosecutor in Serbia and the
the Humanitarian Law Centre and, in investigative authorities in Kosovo.
This kind of information is 2006, RECOM – a body that works
important to end impunity for war independently to investigate and Please write to:
crimes committed by Serbian publicly disclose the facts about the Ivica Dačić
authorities. The victims of these wars in the region. Ministar unutrašnjih poslova
crimes and their families have been Not everyone supports Nataša (Minister of Interior)
denied access to justice for years. Kandić. She has been repeatedly Republike Srbije
An estimated 130,000 people attacked and threatened. The Serbian Boulevard Mihaila Pupina 2,
were killed in the 1990s across the media have labelled her a traitor; state Beograd, 11 000,
former Yugoslavia. Approximately officials and politicians have taken Serbia
40,000 people were forcibly legal action against her. Nataša Email: kabinet@mup.gov.rs
disappeared or abducted. In most Kandić, however, remains undeterred.
cases, they were taken by force from

P
ORGANIZING
PRACTICAL
SUPPORT
FOR WOMEN
IN POOR,
RURAL AREAS
OF SOUTH
AFRICA
P is a community activist, working
with women in a neglected rural area
of South Africa.
Women in South Africa are
disproportionately affected by the
country’s HIV epidemic. One out of
every three women attending
antenatal clinics is HIV positive. In the
communities where P works, women
have little access to educational and
SHADI
SADR
END EXECUTION
BY STONING IN
IRAN
“A hope, a deep hope that the
situation can change.” This is what
motivates Shadi Sadr, a lawyer,
journalist, and human rights activist
from Iran.
Shadi Sadr has been
campaigning for women’s rights,
fighting on their behalf for equality
before the law. “I was involved in a lot
of cases of women who were raped,
who were killed or sentenced to
stoning. Those cases that I defended
were my first reasons to get involved
in human rights issues.” Her work has
come at great cost. Like other women
activists, Shadi Sadr has been
arrested and harassed by the Iranian
Join the defenders
© Amnesty International
abuse find that poor transport services
can deny them access to life-saving
treatments, including to prevent HIV
infection and other consequences of
Write to Collins Chabane in the
Office of the Presidency. Welcome
sexual violence.
High transport costs in poor rural
the reinvigorated government
efforts to combat HIV and AIDS and
communities also mean that women
living with HIV are frequently unable
ask him to take steps to ensure that
transport officials at national and
to reach comprehensive health care
facilities to start and maintain their
provincial level improve the
regularity and accessibility of safe
treatment.
“Not only is the transport
rural transport to enable rural
women to access critical services;
expensive but there’s a long distance and that transport plans addressing
STAND UP UNITED
to walk before you can access that these needs are included as part of
economic opportunities. They also
transport”, P says. “What you find is
people using wheelbarrows or some
the co-ordinated government
response to the HIV epidemic.
face persistent domestic abuse and
sexual violence, which places them at
increased risk of HIV infection.
mode of getting a sick person to the
nearest point where they can connect
with transport”.
Please write to:
Mr Collins Chabane
P organizes community workshops P prefers to remain anonymous. Minister of Performance,
to encourage discussion on women’s She sometimes faces hostility, and Monitoring & Evaluation as well
rights to equality and dignity. She is other women volunteers have been as Administration
concerned that “some don’t even beaten by their husbands or other Office of the Presidency
recognize the abuse that they are family members to stop them working Pretoria, South Africa, 0001
going through. They don’t understand with her. By remaining anonymous, P Email: mphile@po.gov.za
that they don’t have to go through this also hopes to highlight that she is only Fax: +27 12 321 8870
type of thing.” one of thousands of women doing this
When they urgently need medical vital work.
care, women who have experienced
© Jorn van Eck / Amnesty International
of the most brutal punishments. The including by stoning, or cruel
law states that the stones used should punishments such as flogging for
“not be large enough to kill the person
by one or two strikes” – clearly aiming
having consensual sexual relations.
to inflict a slow and painful death.
Since Shadi Sadr and her
Demand an immediate moratorium
on executions by stoning until the
colleagues began their campaign, at
least 15 individuals have been saved
law is amended. All individuals
currently under sentence of death
from stoning. In other cases,
executions have been postponed.
However, three of the individuals were
by stoning in Iran should have their
sentences commuted immediately.
executed by hanging. At least 11 Please write to:
other people are still at risk of stoning. His Excellency
Ali Larijani
Speaker of Parliament
authorities. She currently lives in exile Join the defenders Majles-e Shoura-ye Islami
and continues her work from abroad. Baharestan Square
In 2006, she was involved in Call for an end to the use of stoning Tehran
establishing Women’s Field, a group as a method of execution in Iran. Iran
of women’s rights activists. One of the
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
group’s campaigns – “Stop Stoning Urge the Iranian authorities, as Email: Islamic@parliran.ir
Forever” – aims to save the life of a State party to the International Fax: +98 21 3355 6408
anyone under sentence of stoning in Covenant on Civil and Political
Iran and to abolish stoning in law and Rights, to ensure that any
in practice. legislation eventually passed is in
5
Under Iranian law, execution by line with Iran’s obligations under
stoning is prescribed for “adultery international law, so that no one in
while being married”. Stoning is one Iran risks the death penalty,

LIVEWIRE
CATCH UP WITH AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S BLOG
ON WWW.AMNESTY.ORG/LIVEWIRE
ROMA FACING FORCED EVICTION
IN SERBIA
By Sian Jones,
Amnesty International Researcher
“We’ve just heard that the Belvil Romani
settlement in Baelgrade will be evicted soon.
Four of the families have received eviction
notices, although they don’t know when they
will be evicted. Everyone living there is really
worried about what is going to happen to them.
“Just over a year ago the Romani settlement
next to Belvil – at Blok 67 – was forcibly evicted
to build an access road for the Student Games.
Although the Roma living there knew they
would be evicted, when the day actually came
they were given no warning, and their houses
were just bulldozed to the ground. It was the
same with the Roma evicted from under the
© Aleksei Sokolov
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
6
Human rights defender Aleksei Sokolov.
© Amnesty International
Gazela Bridge last August. That was supposed
to be a proper resettlement, not a forced
eviction, but in less than three hours, almost
200 houses were bulldozed to the ground.
“We need to act fast. The government must
stop the city authorities from forcibly evicting
JUSTICE FOR ALEKSEI SOKOLOV!
By Natalia Prilutskaya,
Amnesty International Researcher
“Russian human rights defender Aleksei
Sokolov has today been sentenced to five years
in a high security prison colony. The
sentencing took place exactly one year after
Aleksei Sokolov’s arrest by police outside his
house in Yekaterinburg, Russia.
“Aleksei Sokolov’s lawyers reported that the
court based its verdict solely on the statements
of the co-accused in the case, which often
contradicted each other as well as the
individuals’ earlier “confessions”. One of
Aleksei Sokolov’s lawyers said that while
victims of the crimes had identified the other
defendants in the case as possible perpetrators
of the crime, none of them had identified
Aleksei Sokolov.
BLOG
CHAT
STAY INFORMED
A Romani family at Belvil settlement, Belgrade,
Serbia, 28 February 2010. The community is
facing forced eviction, following an
announcement by the Deputy Mayor of Belgrade
on 30 March 2010.
Smiljana, and Boro and Arif and all the other
families we met in February. They know they
will have to move, they know their settlement is
on the way of a new road – which is part of a
project to build a bridge across the river Sava.
But if they are going to be evicted, then we’ll
try to make sure it happens in line with all the
relevant international human rights standards,
and that their rights are respected. This would
mean that people are properly resettled, rather
than forcibly evicted.”
Read more at: http://sn.im/wgkhq
“Aleksei Sokolov is head of Pravovaia Osnova
(Legal Basis), an organization which is
campaigning against torture and other ill-
treatment in Russian prisons. He became
prominent after he publicized and distributed
the film Torture Factory about torture and other
ill-treatment in a temporary holding centre in
Yekaterinburg, called IK-2. The film received
wide coverage, both in Russia and
internationally, and led to the closure of IK-2.”
Read more at: http://sn.im/wzffb
FATHER
ALEJANDRO
SOLALINDE
PROTECT
UNDOCUMENTED
MIGRANTS
IN MEXICO
“Migrants are human beings, and
they are very brave”, says Father
Alejandro Solalinde, a Mexican
Catholic priest who has dedicated his
life to providing a place of safety for
irregular migrants who suffer abuses
in Mexico.
Every year, tens of thousands of
people travel through Mexico to the
US border without legal permission.
Their journey is dangerous. Criminal
gangs target the main routes used
by irregular migrants. Kidnapping,
extortion, ill-treatment and sexual
violence by the gangs are widespread.
HAJ SAMI
SADEQ
END
DEMOLITIONS
IN THE
OCCUPIED
PALESTINIAN
TERRITORIES
“We want to live in dignity and with
respect” says Palestinian community
activist Haj Sami Sadeq from the
village of ‘Aqaba in the West Bank.
The village has been under Israeli
occupation since 1967 along with the
rest of the Palestinian Territories.
“Every day the occupation forces
invade our village, desecrate our
mosque and terrorize our children. We
are constantly living in fear.”
Since the late 1990s the Israeli
© AI (Ricardo Ramírez Arriola)
something has to be done.” Urge the authorities to send a
Because of his work, Father clear message that abuses against
Solalinde has been repeatedly
threatened and intimidated by local
irregular migrants will not be
tolerated in Mexico, and to take all
gangs and officials: “Many local
authorities, criminal gangs and drug
necessary steps to help migrants
file complaints when they suffer or
traffickers want to get rid of human
rights defenders”, he says. “We are
witness abuses. The Authorities
must ensure that all complaints are
getting in the way of those who want
to make a market out of Central
promptly, impartially and effectively
investigated so that those
American migrants.”
Amnesty International has been
responsible are brought to justice
and victims receive reparations.
campaigning for Father Solalinde’s
STAND UP UNITED
safety and he has a message to the Please write to:
organization’s members: “The Minister of the Interior
Some migrants disappear without support, the letters, the cards, bring Lic. Fernando Francisco Gómez-
trace, abducted and killed, or robbed, strength to migrants in this situation Mont Urueta
assaulted and thrown off speeding who believe that they don’t have any Secretario de Gobernación
trains. Far too often, officials provide rights and that they don’t have the Secretaría de Gobernación
criminal gangs with cover or simply fail right to talk. A lot can be done with Bucareli 99, 1er. piso
to intervene. campaigns and public outcries to give Col. Juárez, Del. Cuauhtémoc
Father Solalinde has made the migrants the strength to carry on.” México DF
journey himself. He says that it was CP 06600
the only way of finding out about the MEXICO
horrors migrants have to face: Join the defenders
“I saw huge injustices and frequent Email: secretario@segob.gob.mx
corruption. Nobody takes any Write to Mexico’s Minister of
notice of migrants here: there was Interior, Fernando Francisco
tremendous impunity, even by daylight Gómez-Mont Urueta:
they were hit, kidnapped; so I said
Join the defenders
bullets by the occupation forces in
© Private
1971 when I was 16 years old.” He
lost the use of his legs as a
result. His international human
Urge the Israeli authorities to
rescind all demolition orders
rights campaigning and unfaltering
determination enabled Haj Sami
against unlicensed buildings in
‘Aqaba and the rest of Area C of the
Sadeq and ‘Aqaba villagers to save
their homes and rebuild those that
West Bank. Call on them to transfer
responsibility for planning and
were demolished. They also built new
buildings, encouraging the return of
building policies and regulations in
‘Aqaba and in the rest of Area C
families who had left because of the
army’s threats.
from the Israeli army to the local
Palestinian communities.
“This village is a model in the
West Bank and Gaza because it works Please write to:
army has issued 48 demolition orders
targeting nearly 95 per cent of ‘Aqaba
for peace and in respect of the law.
But it has suffered killings and been
deprived of basic services, especially
Ehud Barak
Minister of Defence
Ministry of Defence
village, including homes and other in construction and water, by the 37 Kaplan Street, Hakirya
buildings such as a kindergarten, Israeli military forces.” Tel Aviv 61909, Israel
clinic, women’s centre and a mosque. Haj Sami Sadeq hopes to bring Email: minister@mod.gov.il
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
‘Aqaba, like 60 per cent of the the voices and experiences of the Fax: +972 3691 6940
occupied West Bank, is classified as community in ‘Aqaba village to every
“Area C”, meaning that no structure country around the world. “I hope that
can be built or even repaired in it each individual who wants to defend
without a permit from the Israeli army. human rights will be patient and
7
Permits are almost impossible to obtain. tolerant in defending their rights in
Haj Sami Sadeq has felt the order to succeed globally.”
effects of the occupation at close
quarters: “I was shot with three
 MUKHMED
GAZDIEV
INVESTIGATE
ENFORCED
DISAPPEARANCE
IN NORTH
CAUCASUS
STAND UP UNITED
“You must not stay silent when
somebody next to you, your friend,
your fellow earth-dweller suffers. They
are being killed, and you say nothing.
XXX
Tomorrow those who killed will come
for you, and this time you will stay
silent for ever. I appeal to everyone
who can hear me: Do not stay silent!
Act!”
Mukhmed Gazdiev is a retired
history teacher from Karabulak, in the
Russian North Caucasus republic of
Ingushetia. He is disabled and in poor
health. In the last three years, he has
been trying to find out what happened
JOEL NANA
DEFENDING
THE RIGHTS OF
LESBIAN, GAY,
BISEXUAL AND
TRANSGENDER
PEOPLE IN
AFRICA
“My message is simple: we are all
human and we are all equal. The
Universal Declaration of Human
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
Rights is meant for all human beings
regardless of race, regardless of
cultural background, regardless of
sexual orientation.”
Joel Nana is a Cameroonian
8
activist, based in South Africa,
campaigning for the rights of lesbian,
gay, bisexual and transgender people
© Private
to his son, Ibragim Gazdiev, who was
seized by armed men in camouflage
on 8 August 2007 at 12:54pm. He
has not been seen since.
Ibragim Gazdiev, a university
graduate who worked as a shop
manager, was 29 years old at the time
of his disappearance. The men who
abducted him are believed to be law
enforcement officials, members of the
Russian Federal Security Service.
Mukhmed Gazdiev believes that his
son was, or still is, held in state
custody, but the authorities deny this.
The criminal investigation into Ibragim
© Amnesty International
across Africa. Many African countries
criminalize consensual sex between
individuals of the same sex. Further
pressure comes from family,
neighbours and religious leaders.
Activists daring to defend their
rights are often harassed and
intimidated.
“Activists in Uganda are currently
fighting a bill so drastic that it will
sentence people who engage in same
sex practices to life in prison and, to
some extent, to the death sentence”,
Gazdiev’s disappearance has been Urge the President to ensure that
suspended. Ibragim Gazdiev’s relatives are not
Mukhmed Gazdiev continues to
seek justice for his son and for his
threatened or intimidated for
seeking justice.
family. He has appealed to various
officials in Ingushetia and in Moscow. Call on him to ensure that all
Most recently, he complained to the
court against the suspension of the
alleged cases of enforced
disappearance are investigated
investigation.
His attempts to find his son
effectively and independently and
perpetrators are brought to justice.
have resulted in intimidation and
harassment against him. In May 2008,
Urge the Russian government to
sign and ratify the International
Federal Security Services searched Convention for the Protection of All
his family home using a warrant Persons from Enforced
issued for a neighbour’s house. Disappearance and enact effective
Since 2002, at least 179 people implementation of the treaty.
(of a population of 500,000) have
forcibly disappeared in Ingushetia. Please write to:
Dmitry Anatolievich Medvedev
President of the Russian Federation
Join the defenders ul. Ilyinka, 23
103132 Moscow
Call on Russian President, Dmitry Russian Federation
Medvedev, to ensure that the Fax: +7 495 9102134
investigation into the enforced
disappearance of Ibragim Gazdiev You can also email the Russian
is re-opened urgently and carried Ministry of the Foreign Affairs:
out in a thorough, impartial and ministry@mid.ru
effective manner.
says Joel Nana. A number of other men and transgender people across
African countries are also considering the continent.”
legislation that makes the “promotion
of homosexuality” a new, ill-defined Join the defenders
offence. Such legislation can be easily
used to target activists. Write a message of solidarity
“I had friends who were gay, like
me, who started getting arrested or
(max 75 words) to activists
defending the right of lesbian,
started getting sick”, says Joel Nana.
“It took me a while to understand that
gay, bisexual and transgender
people in Africa and email it to
everything that was happening to
them was because of their sexual
WC2010Solidarity@amnesty.org
Amnesty International will pass
orientation. I noticed that the problem
wasn’t just in the capital, Yaounde, it
your message on.
was the whole of Cameroon. As I kept
travelling I realized that it wasn’t just
Cameroon. It was Nigeria also, it was
Senegal, it was South Africa and it was
Kenya – it was the whole of Africa.
That is why I decided to re-orientate
my career to make this work not only
my passion but also my profession.
“I now work for AMSHeR
(www.amsher.net), a coalition of
human rights organizations from 15
African countries working for greater
access to HIV prevention and care
services for men who have sex with
WELCOME
TO YOUR WORLD CUP 2010
ACTIVISM TOOLKIT
Inside these pages you will find
everything you need to inspire and
inform your family, friends and local
community about human rights
by playing, watching and talking
about… football.

11 DEFENDERS
11 ACTIONS
1 GOAL
STAND UP UNITED
AN INTERNATIONAL TEAM DEFENDING HUMAN RIGHTS
www.amnesty.org/worldcup2010

MEXICO
EJANDRO
FATHER AL
SOLALINDE
linde is a
andro Sola d his
Father Alej ha s dedicate
iest who r
Catholic pr g a place of safety fo
life to prov
idin
th re aten ed and
He has been
migrants. gangs and
by criminal t
intim id ated
caus e of his work, ye
ls be
local officia te rr ed .
s unde
he continue
STAND UP

DEFENDER
11 UNITED

PERU
CLAUDIA LEMA

Claudia Lema works to reduce the

number of women who die needlessly
in childbirth in Indigenous
communities in Peru. She is firmly
committed to supporting women to put
pressure on the government to make
health care services meet their needs.

STAND UP SOUTH AFRICA

DEFENDER 11 CAMEROON
‘P’ (ANONYMOUS)
JOEL NANA
UNITED

‘P’ is a community act

rights of ivist working
paigns for the with women in poor, rur
Joel Nana cam and tra nsgender suffer domestic violen
al areas who
sexual
lesbian, gay, bi co nt inent. with HIV. She organizes
ce or are living
the African
people across m ent and support and challenges
practical
of ha ra ss
In the face ise negative
continues to ra male attitudes toward
intimidation he DS an d ad vocate s women –
tackling difficult issues
HIV/ AI
awareness of d with courage
alth services an and patience.
for access to he
11 DEFENDERS equal rig ht s.

11 ACTIONS
STAND UP
DEFENDER 11 STAND UP

DEFENDER 11 UNITED

1 GOAL
UNITED
 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN
ISRAEL / TERRITORIES
SERBIA IRAN
HAJ SAMI SADEQ
NDIĆ
NATAŠA KA SHADI SADR
Haj Sami Sadeq is a Palestinian
ng
wyer worki Shadi Sadr is a lawyer who
ndić is a la mitted
community activist in Aqaba village has
Nataša Ka im es co m successfully defended women
of war cr in the occupied West Bank. Despite who had
for victims e former been sentenced to death, inclu
forces in th Despite demolition of many village buildings ding by
by Serbian e 19 90 s. by the Israeli authorities, his efforts stoning. She is also a journali
in th st and
Yugoslavia at h th re ats, she is have helped turn Aqaba into a activist, forced to leave her
d de d country
attacks an uncover the truth an thriving community with new facilities because of her work campaig
to ning for
determined r the survivors. including a kindergarten and a clinic. women’s rights.
e fo
seek justic
STAND UP
STAND UP
DEFENDER 11
EFENDER
11 DEFENDERRUSSIAN
STAND UP

D UNITED
UNITED
11 FEDERATION
UNITED

MUKHMED
GAZDIEV
Mukhmed Gazdiev’s son, Ibra
gim, was
reportedly seized by armed men
in
the Russian Republic of Ingu
shetia
in 2007. Despite being in poor
health, he relentlessly searches
for
his son and campaigns to rais
e
awareness of government invo
lvement
in disappearances.

DEFENDER 11
STAND UP

UNITED

CHINA (TIBET)
DHONDUP
WANGCHEN
Dhondup Wangchen has
been a
prisoner of conscienc
e since being
detained by Chinese
police in 2008.
He is in prison for ma
king a
documentary, Leavin
g Fear Behind,
which highlights Tibeta
n views on the
Beijing Olympics, hum
an rights in
Tibet and the Dalai Lam
a.

KENYA PAKISTAN
DEFENDER 11 STAND UP

WILTER NYABATE AMINA JANJUA UNITED

Kibera, a vast Amina Janjua’s husband is believed

Wilter Nyabate lives in to have been held in government
is part of a
slum in Nairobi, which custody since he disappeared in 2005.
ern me nt hou sin g improvement
gov Determined to know the truth, she
tirelessly to
project. She campaigns presses the government to reveal
the gov ern me nt consults
ensure that the whereabouts of hundreds who
the pro jec t and fulfils Photo credits clockwise from top:
residents about have disappeared and bring those
te housing. © Amnesty International, © Rebuilding Alliance,
their right to adequa responsible to justice. © Jorn van Eck/Amnesty International,
© Amnesty International, © Filming for Tibet,
© Private, © Amnesty International,
STAND UP
© Amnesty International, © Amnesty International,
DEFENDER 11
STAND UP

DEFENDER 11 UNITED
UNITED
© Salud Sin Limites, © Martha Izquierdo
SUPPORT
STAND UP UNITED

INSIDE THIS TOOLKIT

Prepare football shirts for the season and show the world your support for Stand
Up United – an international team defending human rights. Use the stencil to
spray or colour in as many shirts as you like – you can have your own team of
defenders! Wear it yourself, give to others – it is the shirt to wear this season.

ORGANIZE A FOOTBALL MATCH

Get people in your local community together and organize a football match.
Use your toolkit to prepare shirts for your team. During the game, use your pack of
red cards when you need to. Each card has one of the campaign demands on it –
so hold it up and tell governments not to step out of line.

Ask your local school, community centre or sports centre to help you organize the
game. If you get the help you need, you can organize a whole tournament for
human rights. Invite your local paper to cover your event.

WATCH THE WORLD CUP TOGETHER

Get your friends and family to watch a football game together or organize a
screening in your local community centre. Before the match, tell everyone on the
room about Stand Up United, using the poster in the toolkit. During half-time,
everyone can go to www.amnesty.org/worldcup2010 to sign and send as many
emails as they can. Award them with a football shirt.
SOMEONE SCORED A GOAL? DEDICATE IT
TO ONE OF OUR HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS
TELL EVERYONE ABOUT IT AND GET EVERYONE TO TAKE ACTION ON THE
ISSUE THAT HE OR SHE IS FIGHTING FOR.
Document your football games and events on your phone or your camera.
You can upload short films on youtube (www.youtube.com) or put your pictures
on Flickr.
BLOG ABOUT YOUR EVENT, TWEET,
Send your pictures and links and tell us about your event. Email WIRE
(yourwire@amnety.org) and your pictures could end up in the magazine!
SPREAD THE WORD. ARE YOU ON FACEBOOK?
SAY: I SUPPORT STAND UP UNITED
Send this text message (SMS) or email to as many people as you can:
Support Stand Up United www.amnesty.org/worldcup2010 WWW.AMNESTY.ORG/WORLDCUP2010

www.amnesty.org/worldcup2010
SALIL
SHETTY
Salil Shetty speaks from experience when he says that

HUMAN RIGHTS TALK

ordinary people can make a real difference when they
organize and raise their voices. Growing up in an activist
family in India, he moved on to lead the international
anti-poverty NGO ActionAid and was later Director of
the UN Millennium Campaign. In July, he joins Amnesty
International as the new Secretary General. He talks to
WIRE about the challenges ahead.

© Mike Abrahams / Abrahams

Q What made you become an activist?
Was there a pivotal moment in your life
which motivated you to take action and
become involved in NGO work?
A Given my family background, doing anything
else would have been very odd! My mother was a
lawyer and very active in the women’s movement
and my father is a journalist and very active in
the Dalit movement. My home was a movement
headquarters, a space for a lot of activists. Our
phone lines were always being tapped, we had
police lurking outside the house and my dad was
arrested several times. It was a very tumultuous
time when I was growing up in India. In 1976
a state of emergency was declared, rights were
curtailed and that created an intense level of
activism among journalists and students, artists
and many others in the country. People who
Q In 2003, you were appointed Director of
the UN Millennium Campaign, which was
about inspiring people and institutions
from around the world to support the
Millennium Development Goals. What were
the main challenges and achievements
there?
A I believe that the work the Campaign has done
to catalyse people to take action collectively on
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) has
made a big difference. There have been some
real achievements – for example, in the rich
countries, record increases in foreign aid between
2003 and 2008 and about 35 countries have
seen debt cancellation. Not all of this can be
credited to the Campaign – the anti-debt
movement, for example, has a long history – but
cumulatively the Campaign has helped. Most
From the beginning we said that if change is
to happen, it has to happen within the national
context and even more so at the local level.
Unless politicians feel some heat from their
voters they’re not going to change things. If the
national leaders don’t feel the need to change,
then global conferences can only do so much, so
our approach has been very much bottom-up.
In terms of challenges, holding governments to
account isn’t something easy for the UN to do.
We had to manage that balance of being on the
inside and doing things that are at times
politically difficult. And of course there are
challenges in the country context. In many
countries the idea of citizens holding
governments to account is not welcomed. 
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]

don’t know my background might think that I
come from an economic, social and cultural
rights background because I’ve done work on
poverty, but that actually came to me much
later. My entry point into this kind of work was
importantly, we have seen some very real,
concrete achievements in the lives of poor
people in developing countries – a big reduction
in extreme poverty, increased access to water
and about 40 million more kids going to school.
13

much more to do with civil and political rights.


Q The efforts to tackle poverty have been
at the heart of your work for at least
three decades. What do you think Amnesty
International’s human rights perspective
can bring to the anti-poverty campaign?
A All the development organizations have started
talking about rights-based development, but
somewhat loosely, I believe. Amnesty
International is already there and it has the
reverse challenge of trying to understand how
rights can be applied to development.
The distinction between economic, social and
cultural rights on the one hand and political and
civil rights on the other is not very helpful in a
practical sense. It’s the same people whose
rights of all types are being abused. You often
have a serious overlap and those affected are the
majority of the world’s population. For example,
if you take the areas I’m very familiar with –
poverty, education, health and water – very often
we find that the main constraint or blockage to
people actually claiming their rights is lack of
information, and the right to information is
classified as a civil and political right. Amnesty
International could focus on those aspects that
may not technically be social and economic
rights, but have a very direct bearing on the
achievement of those rights. I think we have to
find ways of connecting these two areas much
more systematically.
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
But we also need to work from Amnesty
International’s strengths and approach the issues
from those areas where we know more, like
the right to information or the justiciability of
14
rights. Actually working through how you make
justiciable rights something that is real for poor
people, that’s a massive area where Amnesty
International can contribute.
© Marie Frechon
Q How do you see the role of NGOs, big
and small, and of activists?
A I prefer to talk about people’s organizations
and people’s movements. In the work I’m doing
there’s no question that those who really make a
difference are the ordinary people who push for
something to happen. Most of the constraints on
dealing with any of these issues are normally not
technical but political and the only way you get
political change is by people getting organized
and raising their voices and putting pressure.
That activism, that push from the bottom up, is
central to any change. One of the biggest
attractions that drew me to come into the
Amnesty International fold is the membership of
2.8 million members who are able to push from
the bottom. If that didn’t exist then one of the
most powerful rationales for Amnesty
International’s legitimacy would be weakened, so
that is at the heart of my interest.
Q Some critics say that human rights
need to be seen in the context of security
needs, the threat of terrorism and other
challenges. What are your views on that?
A At the 2005 summit of world leaders, Kofi
Annan said that you can’t have peace without
sustainable development and you can’t have
sustainable development without peace and you
can’t have either without human rights. These
are the legs of the UN’s Charter and the core of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Very
often if you look at the causes of terrorism, you
find the same issues. When you go back to the
root causes, you find human rights are being
abused, people are living in extreme poverty or
natural resources are being degraded.
Salil Shetty at the Annual General
Meeting 2010 of Amnistie
internationale Canada (francophone),
with the section's Director General
Béatrice Vaugrante.
Q You probably know that, as part of our
Demand Dignity Campaign, tens of
thousands of people from all over the
world have been sending Amnesty
International their thoughts on what
dignity means to them. What does it mean
to you?
A To me it is the basic idea of respect, human
rights and leading a life where all the essential
needs are met, and when I say essential needs
it’s not just material needs but also social,
political and cultural needs.
Q What are your thoughts and
expectations on joining Amnesty
International as Secretary General?
A I’m personally very excited to be joining.
What I’ve seen so far has been very
encouraging – and I’m not just saying this
because it’s an interview for WIRE. At the end
of the day, organizations are made up of
people. It’s the people who are driving the
organization.
What I’ve heard everywhere I’ve travelled,
and certainly what I keep hearing from people
outside, is the quality of the argument, the
analysis and the research. And really it is the
combination of these things that ultimately
makes a difference. The power of people and
the power of good argument – we just have
to find a way of combining these two things to
achieve clearly spelt-out goals. That, in its
simplest form, is what the task is.
 PURSUING
‘Until governments stop subordinating
justice to political self-interest, freedom
from fear and freedom from want will

JUSTICE:

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 2010

remain elusive for most of humanity’,
says Claudio Cordone, interim Secretary

FOR ALL
General of Amnesty International. He
calls for governments ‘to ensure that no
one is above the law and that everyone

RIGHTS, FOR has access to justice for all human rights

violations’, as he launches the Amnesty

ALL PEOPLE
International Report 2010: the state of
the world’s human rights.
© Zsuzsanna Ardó

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 2010
Between January and May 2009, some 300,000 Sri
Lankans were trapped on a narrow strip of land
between the retreating Liberation Tigers of Tamil
Eelam (LTTE) and the advancing Sri Lankan military.
As reports of abuses by both sides increased, the
UN Security Council failed to intervene. At least
7,000 people were killed – some have put the figure
as high as 20,000. The Sri Lankan government
dismissed all reports of war crimes by its forces and
rejected calls for an international inquiry, while
failing to hold any credible, independent
investigations of its own. The UN Human Rights
Council convened a special session, but power plays
led to member states approving a resolution drafted
by the Sri Lankan government, complimenting itself
on its success against the LTTE. By the end of the
year, despite further evidence of war crimes and
other abuses, no one had been brought to justice.
One would be hard pressed to imagine a more
complete failure to hold to account those who abuse
human rights.
So the obvious question is, why pursue
accountability at all? But that would be to overlook
the significant progress that has been made –
despite old and new challenges – which ensures it
is now harder for perpetrators to secure impunity.
Yes, the law’s reach is still far from complete.
Some situations evade scrutiny altogether; in others,
justice simply takes too long. But there is progress.
The demand for accountability has extended
beyond the familiar territory of redress for killings or
torture, to encompass the denial of basic human
rights to food, education, housing and health, which
we all also need to live our lives in dignity.
ACCOUNTABILITY – THE ACHIEVEMENTS
International human rights standards are focused
primarily on establishing legal accountability. People
have rights that must be set out in and protected by
law; those in power have duties, also established in
law, to respect, protect and fulfil individual rights.
Ensuring accountability is important because,
first and foremost, those who have suffered harm
have a right to truth and justice. Victims and their
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
relatives must have the wrongs done to them
acknowledged and see those responsible brought
to account. If victims are to receive reparation,
finding out what happened, by whom and why, is
as important as bringing to justice those responsible
16
for abuses.
Accountability also allows us to look ahead. It
provides a measure of deterrence for those who
might commit crimes, and it provides a basis on
which to build reforms of state and international
institutions. Efficient and effective mechanisms for
accountability can help states make better policies
and laws, and monitor their impact on people’s lives.
During the past two decades, a global campaign
has succeeded in establishing a role for
international justice. Its achievements include the
establishment in 1998 of the International Criminal
Court (ICC), built on the foundations of international
tribunals that dealt with genocide, crimes against
humanity and war crimes in the former Yugoslavia
and Rwanda.
2009 was a watershed year, when a sitting head
of state, President Omar Al Bashir of Sudan, was
named in an arrest warrant by the ICC on five
counts of crimes against humanity (murder,
extermination, forcible transfer of population, torture
and rape) and two counts of war crimes (for the
targeting of civilians).
The process whereby states (111 by 1 May
2010) ratify the Rome Statute of the ICC has
spurred national legal reform so that national courts
are being given jurisdiction over crimes under
international law, allowing suspects to be brought to
justice abroad when – and crucially only when –
they enjoy impunity at home.
The existence of the ICC has inspired more
serious attention to the issue of accountability even
in states where those responsible might otherwise
have felt immune because they have not formally
accepted the court’s jurisdiction.
POWER AND POLITICIZATION –
OBSTACLES TO JUSTICE
While legal accountability for crimes under
international law is more of a possibility today than
ever before, events in 2009 confirmed that two
formidable obstacles stand in the way. The first is
the fact that powerful states continue to stand above
the law, outside effective international scrutiny. The
other is that powerful states manipulate the law,
shielding their allies from scrutiny and pushing for
accountability mainly when politically expedient.
Having excluded itself from the jurisdiction of
the ICC, the USA faces less external pressure to
address its own abuses committed in the context of
its counter-terrorism strategy. China too shields its
previous page: Romani girls from the Miercurea
Ciuc/Csikszereda community, Harghita county,
Romania, hold drawings of houses they would like
to live in. 13 May 2009.
opposite page: A Palestinian child running amid
the destruction, Gaza, January 2009.
actions from international scrutiny. In July 2009,
violent riots followed a police crackdown on an
initially peaceful protest by Uighurs in Urumqi,
Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. China failed
to respond to a request from the UN Rapporteur on
torture to visit the area.
The politicization of international justice makes
the pursuit of accountability subservient to a political
agenda of supporting allies and undermining rivals.
The USA, for example, and European Union states,
used their position within the UN Security Council to
continue to shield Israel from strong measures of
accountability for its actions in Gaza. In a display of
counter political bias, the UN Human Rights
Council, initially resolved to investigate only alleged
Israeli violations. To his credit, Judge Richard
Goldstone, subsequently appointed to lead that
investigation, insisted that the UN Fact-Finding
Mission should examine alleged violations by both
Israel and Hamas. Also at the UN Human Rights
Council, not a single Asian or African state voted
against the resolution that applauded the Sri Lankan
government’s conduct of the war against the LTTE.
CHALLENGES AHEAD – ACCOUNTABILITY
FOR ALL RIGHTS
The obstacles to implementing accountability for
mass atrocities in conflicts or political repression are
real, but the debate at least has been won: no one
denies the principle that war crimes or crimes
against humanity or enforced disappearances
should be punished. Yet when it comes to the mass
abuses of economic, social and cultural rights,
there is no comparable effort to bring law and
accountability to bear. Not the same thing, many will
say. And true enough, massacring civilians is
different from denying a population its right to
education. But such denials are still flouting
international law and impacting adversely on
people’s lives. They must, therefore, be pursued
through international accountability. The task is to
convince world leaders that, no less than the conflict
in Darfur, the problem is a human rights crisis.
In 2009 Amnesty International addressed the
plight of tens of thousands left homeless in
N’Djamena, Chad, after forced evictions, as well as
that of the inhabitants of slums in Cairo, Egypt, who
remained at risk of being killed by landslides or
other hazards, due to the authorities’ failure to
provide adequate housing. In Nairobi, Kenya,
© Amnesty International
 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 2010

Amnesty International marched with inhabitants
from Kibera, the largest slum in Africa, and other
slums to demand their right to adequate housing
and services. In Gaza, one of the consequences of
the 2008-09 conflict highlighted by Amnesty
International has been the extensive destruction of
houses coupled with a continuing blockade which
prevents construction materials from entering Gaza.
What the people in the situations mentioned
above have in common more than anything else is
their poverty. It is the poor who are most
XXX
rights, must be an integral part of all national and
international responses to the crises.
But governments are not the only actors
contributing to such a crisis. Global business is
growing in power and influence. Decisions that
companies make and the influence they wield can
profoundly impact on people’s human rights. Too
many companies exploit the absence of effective
regulation or work hand in glove with abusive and
often corrupt governments, with devastating
consequences.
hold governments to account to meet these
commitments.
Accountability would be enhanced if efforts to
meet the MDGs took full account of the views of
those living in poverty. Individuals have the right to
participate in and to have free access to information
about decisions that affect their lives. There has
been little genuine participation of rights holders
themselves in the MDGs. And the MDG process
must also ensure proper scrutiny of those
governments who pursue national policies –

discriminated against and where the need for
protection of all the rights in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights is most evident.
Discrimination is a key driver of poverty, and is often
reflected in the allocation of government spending
and policies. And most of the people living in
poverty in the world, and the ones suffering most
discrimination in law and practice, are women.
There are some positive steps towards ensuring
legal accountability for the denial of basic economic,
social and cultural rights. Increasingly, national
courts are intervening to protect these rights and to
demand changes to government policy so that
minimum rights to health, housing, education and
food do not go unfulfilled. And they are being
spurred to go further by international mechanisms.
In a ground-breaking decision in November 2009,
for example, the ECOWAS (Economic Community of
West African States) Community Court of Justice in
Abuja declared that education is a human right to
which all Nigerians are entitled. The Court said that
the right to education can be enforced legally and
dismissed all objections brought by the government
that education was “a mere directive policy of the
government and not a legal entitlement of the
citizens”.
The possibility of international accountability in
this field took a leap forward in September 2009
with the opening for signature of the Optional
Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights. The Protocol establishes,
for the first time, an international mechanism for
individual complaints. It will also support efforts
within countries to ensure that effective remedies
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
Meaningful accountability for corporations including those with international effect – that
remains rare. Attempts to secure justice are undermine the realization of the basic rights
thwarted by ineffective legal systems, lack of access embedded in the Goals.
to information, corporate interference with legal and Each of us has rights to demand respect,
regulatory systems, corruption and powerful state- protection and fulfillment from the state and society,
corporate alliances. Although transnational but also responsibilities to respect the rights of
businesses, by definition, operate across borders, others and act in solidarity with each other to fulfil
the legal and jurisdictional obstacles to bringing the promise of the Universal Declaration.
court actions against companies abroad remain
significant. Global business operates in a global
economy but in the absence of a global rule of law. This is an abridged version of the foreword to
Yet, despite the enormous challenges, Amnesty International Report 2010: The state of
individuals and communities affected by the world’s human rights, by interim Secretary
transnational companies are increasingly bringing General Claudio Cordone. You can read the
civil actions in an effort to both hold companies to complete article, download the full report,
account and gain some form of remedy. including 150 individual country chapters, and
find out more about Amnesty International’s work
on the MDGs on thereport.amnesty.org
THE NEXT GLOBAL PLAN –
ACCOUNTABILITY FOR ALL RIGHTS
World leaders will gather at the UN in September
2010 to review progress on their promises to
improve the lives of the world’s poor, set out in the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). On the
evidence available, we are falling far short of the
goals set for 2015. The cost of this failure is to
deprive hundreds of millions of people of their right
to live in dignity – not just to enjoy their political
freedoms, but also to have access to food, housing,
health care, education and security, as enshrined
in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Freedom from fear, and freedom from want – that
remains the goal.
There must now be a comparable effort to

are available to victims.
Increased accountability for the denial of basic
economic, social and cultural rights has become
ever more important in view of the combined effects
of the food, energy, and financial crises which are
18
harness the same energy used to set up the ICC and
the international mechanisms for justice, to bring
more accountability to a global economic and
political order that fails to take all human rights into
account. New thinking is needed. The MDG targets

estimated to have pushed many millions more must be based on the legal commitments
people into poverty. The respect for all human governments have made to meet basic human
rights, including economic, social and cultural rights, and as such there must be mechanisms to
TIME TO
DEMAND
REAL
JUSTICE
Genocide, war crimes, torture – these
are some of the most horrific crimes
committed in the world today. Yet justice
remains out of reach for most victims.
An effective international justice system
can play a vital role in addressing this
impunity. This is the message of Amnesty
International’s new campaign.
M
any human rights violations are so serious
that they amount to crimes under
international law – crimes which all states
have a duty to investigate and prosecute in their
national criminal courts. Crimes against humanity,
war crimes, torture, genocide, extrajudicial
executions and enforced disappearance all fall
under this category.
In reality, many states ignore their obligations to
uphold international law. This means victims are
frequently denied justice and perpetrators go
unpunished. Such prevailing impunity fuels further
disregard for human rights, further suffering and
further injustice.
In the last two decades, the global community
has made significant progress in building a new
system of international justice to ensure that victims
have access to justice when national authorities fail
to act. In 2002, a new permanent International
Criminal Court (ICC) was created for this purpose.
Other ad hoc international criminal courts have been
established for specific situations, including those in
the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Timor-Leste, Sierra
Leone, Cambodia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In a number of cases, national authorities have
prosecuted crimes committed in other countries by
exercising universal jurisdiction. In doing so, they
acted on behalf of the international community.
Read more about the recent achievements of the
international justice system, and the obstacles it
faces, on page 16.
Amnesty International’s new Campaign for
International Justice, launched this April, aims to
ensure that what works in theory also works
in practice. The campaign aims to support and
strengthen the international justice system as it
challenges the trends of impunity which have
denied justice to millions.
TOWARDS UNIVERSAL RATIFICATION OF
THE ROME STATUTE
One of the key aims of the campaign is to work
towards universal ratification of the ICC’s founding
treaty, the Rome Statute. As of 1 May 2010, 111
states have ratified it. They have committed to co-
operate fully with the ICC and accepted that the
Court may step in if their national authorities fail to
investigate and prosecute crimes.
The current situation in Sri Lanka demonstrates
the urgent need for all other countries to ratify the
Rome Statute. It has been a year since the Sri
Lankan government declared victory over the
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam – a conflict where
human rights violations were committed by both
sides. Sri Lanka’s justice system, however, offers
victims no recourse to justice, truth and reparations.
Because Sri Lanka has not ratified the Rome
Statute, the ICC cannot investigate without a referral
from the UN Security Council, which has so far not
been given. Amnesty International is therefore
calling on the UN to launch an independent
© Private
INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE
XXX
Men in Vavuniya displaced persons camp,
Sri Lanka, 6 April 2009.
international investigation into crimes under
international law committed in Sri Lanka, as a first
step towards justice.
Achieving the ultimate goal of universal
ratification will enable the ICC to respond to all
situations of genocide, crimes against humanity and
war crimes by acting independently of the UN and
of the power plays on the global political arena. The
authority and influence of the international justice
system depends on it.
Amnesty International will campaign in states
that are yet to ratify the Rome Statute and urge them
to put in place national laws to ensure that such
crimes are adequately investigated and prosecuted
in their own national courts.
When states such as Sri Lanka fail to act against
crimes, Amnesty International will call for
international criminal courts and national courts of
other countries to step in.
ACT NOW
Sign Amnesty International’s petition, calling on the UN to
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
establish an independent, international investigation
without further delay to investigate human rights abuses
in Sri Lanka. You can sign the petition on
http://snipr.com/x122x
19
To sign up for regular updates on the Campaign for
International Justice, please email ijp@amnesty.org and
mention WIRE in the subject line.
 DID YOU
KNOW?
DID YOU KNOW?
WORLD REFUGEE DAY IS ON
20 JUNE 2010
According to the United Nations
Convention Relating to the Status of
XXX
Refugees, a refugee is someone who
"owing to a well-founded fear of being
persecuted for reasons of race,
religion, nationality, membership of a
particular social group or political
opinion, is outside the country of his
nationality, and is unable to, or owing
to such fear, is unwilling to avail
himself of the protection of that
country."
Refugees leave their country
because they have no other choice
and because they fear for their safety
or that of their family. Often, their
government will not or cannot protect
them– sometimes it is their own
government that persecutes them. If
other countries do not offer the shelter
and support that they need, many
risk human rights abuses and
even death. Please show your support
for refugees’ rights on 20 June.
Go to www.amnesty.org/en/refugees-and-
migrants for more details.
WIRE [ JUNE/ JULY 10 ]
20
IRAQ: NO PLACE OF SAFETY
Iraqis who have sought safety abroad
are facing forcible return, particularly
from countries in Western Europe, to
the very dangers that made them flee
their homes.
Hundreds of civilians are being
killed and injured every month in the
violence that continues to blight Iraq.
In the first week of April 2010 alone,
over 100 civilians were killed in
suicide bombings and other targeted
attacks. More than 200 civilians were
killed during parliamentary elections
held in March, possibly many more.
Civilians continue to be the
principal victims. Many are targeted
because of their religious, ethnic or
other identity or because they are
human rights defenders, journalists or
political activists.
In February 2010, eight Christians
were killed in targeted attacks in
Mosul. On 13 April, Omar Ibrahim Al-
Jabouri, a journalist with Rasheed TV
station, lost both his legs when a
bomb attached to his car exploded.
Women and men who challenge
traditional gender roles or moral codes
are still being attacked by armed
groups or militias, as well as by
relatives, including some who
consider that they are defending
family “honour”.
Armed groups in Iraq, including
al-Qa’ida, are responsible for most of
the killings. However, Iraqi and foreign
© James Morgan
security forces as well as militias have
also shown a reckless disregard for
civilians’ safety. A video released in
April 2010 that showed US troops in
a helicopter killing civilians, including
media workers, in Iraq’s capital
Baghdad in 2007 provided a chilling
reminder of this. 35 Iraqis to Baghdad. Some of these ACT NOW
Despite the ongoing violence spoke to Amnesty International about Please call on your government,
in Iraq, documented in a new their fears. Among them was a 22- particularly those in Denmark, the
Amnesty International report Iraq: year-old Shi’a Turkoman man from Tal Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the UK,
civilians under fire, some European Afar, a city north of Mosul where to end all forcible returns to Iraq until the
governments continue to forcibly hundreds of civilians have been killed violence ends and stability is restored.
return people to Iraq. In 2009, in sectarian or other politically For more information, go to
Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, motivated violence in recent years, http://snipr.com/x14p7
Sweden and the UK forcibly returned and where the violence continues.
scores of Iraqis to the most dangerous He remained stranded in Baghdad in
parts of Iraq, such as central Iraq, mid-April.
n violation of guidelines set out
by the UN High Commission for
Refugees (UNHCR).
On 30 March 2010, the
Netherlands forcibly returned at least
 WHETHER IN A HIGH-PROFILE
CONFLICT OR A FORGOTTEN
CORNER OF THE GLOBE,
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
CAMPAIGNS FOR JUSTICE,
FREEDOM AND DIGNITY FOR
ALL AND SEEKS TO GALVANIZE
PUBLIC SUPPORT TO BUILD A
BETTER WORLD
WHAT CAN YOU DO?
Activists around the world have shown that it is possible to
resist the dangerous forces that are undermining human
rights. Be part of this movement. Combat those who
peddle fear and hate.

Join Amnesty International and become part of a
worldwide movement campaigning for an end to human
rights violations. Help us make a difference.

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Activists gathered at Bondi Beach in Sydney and other locations throughout
Australia to form human life rings and show solidarity with refugees fleeing
war and persecution, 8 May 2010. Those taking part in the events were urging
the government to reverse its discriminatory freeze on processing of Sri Lankan
and Afghan asylum applications, and the reopening of the remote Curtin
detention centre.
in your country.
For a full list of the offices worldwide please go to
www.amnesty.org/en/worldwide-sites
If there is no office in your country, you can become an International
Member and join our International Members’ online community.

Read more and take part in Amnesty International Australia’s online action To do this, please visit: www.amnesty.org/en/join
at http://www.amnesty.org.au/refugees where you will be able to access joining information and sign up online
in Arabic, English, French and Spanish.

Or alternatively write to:

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International Secretariat, Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street,
London WC1X 0DW, United Kingdom

To be an International Member you need to agree to an

International Members Code of Conduct. The Code is
available in Arabic, English, French and Spanish at:
www.amnesty.org/en/code-of-conduct
 ‘ORDINARY
PEOPLE CAN
MAKE A REAL
DIFFERENCE’
SALIL SHETTY
 LAOS THAO MOUA AND PA FUE KHANG
IMPRISONED Ethnic Hmong Lao nationals Thao Moua (left)
and Pa Fue Khang are serving prison sentences
AFTER UNFAIR of 12 and 15 years respectively for assisting two
TRIAL European journalists and their interpreter. Thao
Moua, Pa Fue Khang and Char Yang had been
working as guides for the journalists when they
were arrested on 4 June 2003.
The journalists were investigating the
situation of ethnic Hmong hiding in the Lao
jungle. Hmong groups, including women and
children, have come under attack by the
© Private
© Private
Lao military, forcing them to live on the move
and putting them at risk of starvation and
disease.
During pre-trial detention, the three men
were reportedly forced to wear leg shackles and
were beaten with sticks and bicycle chains. Thao
MEXICO CARLOS GUZMÁN ZÚÑIGA AND JOSÉ LUIS GUZMÁN ZÚÑIGA
BROTHERS On 14 November 2008, soldiers and police
officers arrived at the home of brothers Carlos
‘DISAPPEARED’ Guzmán Zúñiga (right) and José Luis Guzmán
Zúñiga, in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua state. The
two men were led from the house in handcuffs
and driven away. They have not been seen since.
Later that day, their father Javier Antonio
© Private
Guzmán Márquez went to the military base of the
20th Motorized Cavalry Regiment, as well as
the police station and detention facilities.
Both the civilian and military officials denied
any knowledge of the whereabouts of Carlos
Guzmán Zúñiga and José Luis Guzmán Zúñiga.
The men’s parents have filed several complaints
without success.
An investigation by Mexico’s National
© Private
© Private
Human Rights Commission (Comisión Nacional
ROMANIA ROMA COMMUNITY
Around 75 Romani people have been forced to
LIVING BY A live in metal cabins and shacks next to a sewage
SEWAGE PLANT plant in Primaverii Street in Miercurea Ciuc
(Csíkszereda). Their cabins are cramped and get
uncomfortably cold and damp and the
community does not have sufficient access to
toilets, showers and clean water. The smell of
human excreta hangs permanently in the air and
the community fears that their proximity to the
sewage plant is damaging their health.
In 2004, 100 Roma were evicted by the town
authorities from a municipal building where they
© Amnesty International
had lived since the 1970s. They were told their
move next to the sewage plant was for their own
safety and would be temporary. Six years later
the local authorities have no plan to relocate
them to adequate housing. About a quarter of
those affected chose to build shacks next to the
Moua and Pa Fue Khang were brought to trial,
along with the two journalists and their
interpreter, in Xieng Khouang province on 30
June 2003. Char Yang escaped from detention
and was tried in his absence.
The trial lasted less than three hours.
Thao Moua and Pa Fue Khang had no legal
representation and the outcome of the trial was
apparently pre-determined. All five defendants
received lengthy prison sentences; however, the
journalists and interpreter were released and
deported on 9 July 2003. Thao Moua and Pa Fue
Khang were transferred to Samkhe prison in
Vientiane. The authorities have provided no
information about them since then. Amnesty
International believes that their unfair trial was
politically motivated.
de los Derechos Humanos, CNDH) concluded in
July 2009 that there was evidence of
responsibility of 20th Motorized Cavalry
Regiment members in the brothers’ illegal
detention and enforced disappearance. However,
the CNDH, an official body, failed to investigate
the lack of action by the Attorney General’s
Office, which claimed to have no record of the
case.
Despite the recommendation issued to the
authorities by the CNDH to investigate and
establish the brothers’ whereabouts, their family
are no closer to knowing their fate.
Please write, calling for the federal authorities
to initiate an impartial and effective
investigation into the fate and whereabouts of
town’s garbage dump, where they collect scrap
material to sell for recycling, rather than move
to the cabins at the sewage plant.
The community were removed from their
former home against their will and the
authorities did not follow eviction safeguards
provided under international law. The community
had no opportunity to challenge the eviction
decision or engage with the decision-making
process. No written, detailed notification was
given to the evictees sufficiently in advance,
despite its requirement under Romanian law.
Please write, calling for the Mayor of
Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda) to engage in a
genuine consultation with the Roma living by
the sewage plant in Primaverii Street and those
Please write, calling for Thao Moua and Pa Fue
Khang to be released and all charges dropped
unless they are charged with a recognizably
criminal offence in proceedings that meet
international fair trial standards. Urge the
authorities to provide information about their
current place of detention and state of health.
Send appeals to:
Bouasone Bouphavanh
Prime Minister
Prime Minister's Office
Vientiane
Laos
Fax: + 856 21 213560
Salutation: Dear Prime Minister
Carlos Guzmán Zúñiga and José Luis Guzmán
Zúñiga. Urge them to ensure that the victims’
family is informed of developments in the case
and supported in order to bring evidence for
the investigation, prosecution and trial of the
case. Send appeals to:
Lic. Arturo Chávez Chávez
Procurador General de la República
Procuraduría General de la República
Av. Paseo de la Reforma nº 211-213
Col. Cuauhtémoc, Del. Cuauhtémoc
México DF, CP 06500
Mexico
Fax: +52 55 53460908
Email: ofproc@pgr.gob.mx
who moved to the garbage dump, identify
a relocation site and provide the evictees
with adequate alternative housing. Send
appeals to:
Ráduly Róbert Kálmán
Mayor of Csíkszereda
Municipality of Csíkszereda
Vár tér 1. 530110, Csíkszereda
Harghita County
Romania
Fax: +40/ 266 37 11 37
Email: radulyrobert@szereda.ro
Salutation: Dear Mayor
SAUDI ARABIA SULIAMON OLYFEMI
MIGRANT WORKER p;Nigerian national Suliamon Olyfemi remains at
risk of execution in Saudi Arabia following an
AT RISK OF unfair trial. He was detained during a mass
EXECUTION arrest of African nationals in September 2002
after a policeman died in an alleged dispute with
migrant workers. He has always maintained his
innocence.
© Private
After his arrest, Suliamon Olyfemi was made
to put his fingerprints on documents written in
Arabic, which he could not read. It is possible that
the fingerprints served as a signature, and that
the documents were used against him during his
trial. The trial itself was conducted in Arabic and
no interpretation or translation was provided.
Suliamon Olyfemi was not given any legal
representation and in late 2004 he was
sentenced to death.
SWAZILAND WANDILE DLUDLU
POLITICAL ACTIVIST Political activist Wandile Dludlu was interrogated
and allegedly tortured while held unlawfully by
TORTURED police officers on 4 September 2009. Less than
three weeks later he was assaulted by prison
guards outside a prison. Wandile Dludlu lodged
criminal complaints with the police for both
incidents, but there has been no visible progress
© Private
into either investigation.
Wandile Dludlu, whose organization was
banned under the draconian 2008 Suppression
of Terrorism Act (STA), was returning to
Swaziland from a protest rally in South Africa
when he was stopped by police and forced into
their vehicle. Despite the officers producing no
arrest warrant, Wandile Dludlu was detained for
around an hour at Mbabane police station, before
being driven to a forest. There, he was forced to
lie on the ground with his wrists tightly bound to
TUNISIA ALI BEN SALEM
TRADE UNIONISTS At the age of 80, Ali Ben Salem continues to be
IMPRISONED subjected to harassment and intimidation by
Tunisian State Security officers because of his
human rights work.
A founding member of several human rights
organizations, Ali Ben Salem hosts in his home the
regional office of the Tunisian League for Human
© Amnesty International
Rights, one of the oldest organizations in Tunisia.
Since September 2005, State Security officers
have been permanently posted outside his house,
allowing entry only for close family members, after
checking their identity. His telephone line and
internet access were cut in 2005 and he fears his
mobile telephone is tapped. Security officers follow
his every move and have physically prevented him
entering buildings where meetings are held.
In 2007, the Saudi Arabian Human Rights
Commission said that Suliamon Olyfemi’s death
sentence had been upheld by the Court of
Cassation and ratified by the Supreme Judicial
Council. Suliamon Olyfemi has therefore
exhausted all possibilities of appeal and could
be executed at any time. In the first three months
of 2010, at least eight people were executed in
Saudi Arabia, including one foreign national.
Please write to King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia,
calling for Suliamon Olyfemi’s death sentence
to be commuted. Please also write to the
Nigerian authorities, asking them to raise the
case with their Saudi Arabian counterparts.
Send appeals to:
his ankles. In this position, he was interrogated
by police for several hours and allegedly
subjected to suffocation torture with plastic bags
repeatedly. He was released uncharged several
hours later, bleeding, dehydrated and in shock.
On 21 September, Wandile Dludlu joined
other unarmed activists and a group of
journalists outside Matsapha Correctional
Institution, awaiting the release of political
activist Mario Masuku who had been acquitted
that day of charges under the STA. Without prior
warning to disperse, prison warders charged into
the group. Wandile Dludlu was kicked and beaten
to the ground. Photographic evidence showing
the targeted assault on him appears to have
been disregarded by police investigators.
Ten years ago, Ali Ben Salem was arrested by
plain-clothes State Security officers. He was taken
to a police station in Tunis where he was beaten,
kicked and jumped on, before being left for dead at
a construction site. In response to a complaint he
lodged in 2005, the UN Committee against Torture
found that these acts constituted torture and urged
the Tunisian authorities to remedy the situation.
Ali Ben Salem suffers from serious back and
heart problems. The authorities have refused to
issue him the free health care card he is entitled
to as a war veteran, or pay his civil servant’s
pension. He has been denied a passport and
faces charges of “spreading false news likely to
threaten public order” for a 2006 statement
denouncing torture in Tunisian prisons.
King ‘Abdullah Bin ‘Abdul ‘Aziz Al-Saud
Office of His Majesty the King
Royal Court
Riyadh
Saudi Arabia
Salutation: Your Majesty
His Excellency Oluyemi Adeniji
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Maputo Street, Zone 3, Wuse District
PMB 130
Abuja, Federal Capital Territory
Nigeria
Salutation: Your Excellency
Please write, calling for full, impartial and
independent investigations into the alleged
torture by police and assault by prison warders
on Wandile Dludlu in September 2009. Ask for
those responsible to be brought to justice. Call
also for police and prison officers in Swaziland
to be trained in their human rights obligations.
Send appeals to:
Dr Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini
Prime Minister of Swaziland
Office of the Prime Minister
PO Box 395
Mbabane
Swaziland
Salutation: Your Excellency
Please write, calling for the charges against
Ali Ben Salem to be dropped and for his
harassment and intimidation to end
immediately. Urge that he is given the
passport, medical card and pension he is
entitled to. Send appeals to:
Rafik Belhaj Kacem
Ministry of the Interior and Local
Development
Ministère de l’Intérieur et du
Développement Local
Avenue Habib Bourguiba
1000 Tunis, Tunisia
Fax : +216 71 340 888
Email: mint@ministeres.tn
Salutation: Your Excellency
END PROTECT ACT NOW
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TERRITORIES

11 DEFENDERS 11 DEFENDERS 11 DEFENDERS

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STOP THE STOP FORCED INVESTIGATE

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FIGHT MATERNAL DEFEND THE RELEASE TIBETAN
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BISEXUAL AND
TRANSGENDER
PEOPLE IN
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