Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Lecture 9

Image
Interpolation-II

Prof. P. K. Biswas
Department of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering
pkb@ece.iitkgp.ernet.in
 Recapitulation

Interpolation and resampling on 1-D

Signals
Desirable properties of interpolation
functions
B-Spline interpolation functions
B-Spline functions of different orders and
their uses
 Interpolation and Resampling

On completion the students will be able to

Explain extension of 1-D interpolation to

2-D images
Explain image interpolation with
examples
Write algorithms for image interpolation
 Sampled Signal

1.0 1.1
fs (t) 0.9
0.7
0.6

0 1 2 3 4 5 t
 Desirable Properties of Interpolation

Finite Region of Support

Smooth Interpolation- no discontinuity
Shift Invariant

B-Spline function
 Normalised B-Splines

Bi,1(t) constant linear

Bi,2 (t)

t i t i+1 t i t i+1 t i+2

t t

Bi,3 (t) quadratic Bi,4 (t) cubic

t i t i+1 t i+2 t i+3 t i t i+1 t i+2 t i+3 t i+4

t t
 Constant Interpolation
n
f(t) = piBi,1 (t)
i=0

1.0 1.1
fs (t) 0.9
0.7
0.6

0 1 2 3 4 5 t
 Linear Interpolation
n
f(t) = piBi,2 (t)
i=0

1.0 1.1
fs (t) 0.9
0.7
0.6

0 1 2 3 4 5 t
 Modified Interpolation Formula
n
f (t) = piBi-s,1(t)
*

i=0

S = 0.5 for k = 1
S=1 for k = 2
S=2 for k = 4
 B-spline Interpolation Functions

B-0.5,1(t) B-1,2 (t)

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
t t

B-2,4 (t)

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
t
 B-spline Interpolation Functions
B-0.5,1(t)
B0.5,1(t)

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
t

B-1,2 (t)
B0,2 (t)
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
t
 B-spline Interpolation Functions

B0,4 (t)
B1,4 (t)
B2,4 (t)
B3,4 (t)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
 B-spline Interpolation Functions
n
f(t) = piBi-2,4 (t)
i=0
B4,4 (t)
B3,4 (t)
B2,4 (t)
fs (t)
B1,4 (t)

t
Linear Interpolation
Linear Interpolation
 Image Interpolation

In the case of an image interpolation has

to be applied in both X and Y direction

Nearest Neighbor interpolation

Bilinear Interpolation
Bicubic Interpolation
 Illustration Scaling

Scaled by 3 Nearest neighbour

interpolation
 Illustration Scaling

Quadratic B-Spline Cubic B-Spline

interpolation interpolation
Illustration Rotation
Illustration Rotation
 Lecture 8 Quiz Answers

1. Two identical cameras having focal length

of 0.04m are used for stereo imaging. If the
camera displacement along X axis is 6.0
cm, left image point corresponding to a
world point W is (0.2, 0.3) and the
corresponding right image point is (0.4,
0.3), find out the 3-D location of W with
respect to a world coordinate system
aligned with the coordinate system of the
left camera.
 Lecture 8 Quiz Answers

2. Two identical cameras with focal length of 40

mm and image sensor size of 4 mm x 4 mm
are used for stereo imaging. If the camera
separation is 6 cm, what is the minimum
depth that can be measured using this
stereo setup.
 Quiz Questions on Lecture 9
1. If an image represented by the following
matrix is scaled up by a factor of 3 in
both X and Y direction, what will be the
scaled image with
a. Nearest neighbor interpolation
b. Bilinear B-Spline interpolation
3 3 3 3 3
3 5 5 5 3
3 5 7 5 3
3 5 5 5 3
3 3 3 3 3
 Quiz Questions on Lecture 9
2. If the same image is rotated by an angle
of 45 degrees in the clockwise direction,
what will be the rotated image? Use
bilinear B-Spline for interpolation.

3 3 3 3 3
3 5 5 5 3
3 5 7 5 3
3 5 5 5 3
3 3 3 3 3