Oisd STD 189

OISD-STD-189
June 2012
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

FOR
ONSHORE DRILLING RIGS, WORKOVER RIGS and OIL/GAS PRODUCTION
INSTALLATIONS
Prepared By
Functional Committee on Fire Protection System for

Onshore Drilling Rigs, Workover Rigs and Oil/Gas Production Installations
OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS
TH
8 FLOOR, OIDB BHAVAN,
PLOT NO. 2, SECTOR 73,
NOIDA-201301(UP)
Website: www.oisd.gov.in
i
NOTE
OISD publications are prepared for use in the oil and gas industry under Ministry of Petroleum
and Natural Gas, Govt. of India. These are the property of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural
Gas and shall not be reproduced or copied and loaned or exhibited to others without written
consent from OISD.
Though every effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data
contained in these documents, OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility
for loss or damage resulting from their use.
These documents are intended to supplement rather than replace the prevailing statutory
requirements.
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OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from
the use of OISD Standards/Guidelines.
FOREWORD
The Oil Industry in India is more than 100 years old. Because of various collaboration
agreements, a variety of international codes, standards and practices have been in vogue.
Standardization in design philosophies and operation and maintenance practices at a national
level was hardly in existence. This coupled with feedback from some serious accident that
occurred in the recent past in India and abroad, emphasized the need for the industry to
review the existing state of the art in designing, operating and maintaining oil and gas
installations.
With this in view, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas in 1986 constituted a Safety
Council assisted by the Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) staffed from within the industry
in formulating and implementing a series of self regulatory measures aimed at removing
obsolescence, standardizing and upgrading the existing standards to ensure safe operations.
Accordingly, OISD constituted a number of functional committees of experts nominated from
the industry to draw up standards and guidelines on various subjects.
The present standard was first published in the year 2000. This was taken up for revision by
the functional committee, in the year 2007. Production installations have been categorized as
per their inventory storage capacity and fire protection system has been specified accordingly,
besides complete revision of the existing document. The document has been re-titled as Fire
Protection System for Onshore Drilling Rigs, Workover Rigs and Oil/Gas Production
Installations
The document is based on the accumulated knowledge and experience and the various
national and international codes and practices. It is hoped that the provision of this document
will go a long way to improve the safety and reduce accidents in the Oil and Gas Industry.
Suggestions are invited from the users after it is put into practice to improve the document
further. Suggestions for amendments to this document should be addressed to:
The Coordinator
Committee on Fire Protection System for Onshore Drilling Rigs,
Workover Rigs and Oil/Gas Production Installations
OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE
th
8 Floor, OIDB Bhawan,
Plot no. 2, Sector 73,
Noida-201301(UP)
This Standard in no way supersedes the statutory requirements of bodies like DGMS, PESO
or any other Government Body which must be followed, as applicable.
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FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEE
(Complete Revision: 2012)
____________________________________________________________________
Name Organization
____________________________________________________________________
Leader
Shri P. S. Narayanan Oil India Limited
Members
1. Shri R.B.Bhutda Engineers India Limited
2. Shri D.D.Barma Engineers India Limited
3. Shri Arvind Kumar Engineers India Limited (till 27.11.08)
4. Shri Sanjeev Kapoor Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
5. Shri M. A. Sheikh Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
6. Shri T.R.Thomas Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organization
7. Shri Arshad Hussain Oil Industry Safety Directorate
Coordinator
Shri B. R. Gadekar Oil Industry Safety Directorate (till 05.06.09)
Shri A.D.Gosain Oil Industry Safety Directorate
_______________________________________________________________________
In addition to the above, several other experts from industry contributed in the
preparation, review and finalization of this document.
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FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEE
(First Edition: August, 2000)
_______________________________________________________________________
Name Organization
_______________________________________________________________________
Leader
Shri P. S. Narayanan Oil India Limited
Members
1. Shri Neeraj Sharma Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
2. Shri V. S. Kumar Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
Co-coordinator
Shri Gulab Singh Oil Industry Safety Directorate
_______________________________________________________________________
In addition to the above, several other experts from industry contributed in the
preparation, review and finalization of this document.
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FOR
ONSHORE DRILLING RIGS, WORKOVER RIGS and OIL/GAS PRODUCTION INSTALLATIONS
CONTENTS
SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGES
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Scope 1-2
3.0 Definition 2-5
4.0 Fire Protection Philosophy 5
4.1 General Considerations 5-6
4.2 Design Criteria for Fire Protection System 6-7
4.3 Design Basis for Fire Protection System 7-8
5.0 Fire Protection System for GGS/OCS 8
5.1 Fire Water Storage 8-9
5.2 Fire Water Pumps 9-10
5.3 Fire Water Network 10-11
5.4 Water Spray System 11-13
5.5 Hydrants and Monitors 13-15
5.6 Foam System 15-19
5.7 Fire Fighting Accessories 19-20
5.8 Material Specifications 20
6.0 Fire Protection System for Rigs and other Production Installations 20
6.1 Drilling Rig 20-22
6.2 Workover Rig 22-23
6.3 Well Head Installation and Quick Production Set-up 23
6.4 Early Production Set-up 24
6.5 Effluent Treatment Plant 24
6.6 Gas Collection Station and Gas Compressor Plant 24
7.0 Fire Extinguishers 24
7.1 Selection of Extinguishers 25
7.2 Location of Extinguishers 25-26
7.3 General Requirements 26
8.0 Fire Sirens and Emergency Communication System 26
8.1 General Requirements 26
8.2 Fire Siren Codes 27
8.3 Emergency Communication System 27
9.0 Emergency Shut Down Stations 27
10.0 Gas Detection System 28
10.1 Functional Requirements 28-29
10.2 Gas Detection Alarms 29
11.0 Emergency Response Plan and Training 29
11.1 Emergency Response Plan 29-30
11.2 Personal Orientation 30
11.3 Personnel Training 30
11.4 Documentation 31
12.0 Inspection, Maintenance and Testing of Fire Protection System 31
12.1 Sirens and Communication System 31
12.2 Explosimeter and Gas Detection System 31
Annexure I Sample water calculation for GGS/OCS 32-33
Annexure II Sample Foam Compound calculation for GGS/OCS 34
Annexure III Recommended scale of Fire Extinguishers to be provided 35-37
REFERENCES 37
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FOR
ONSHORE DRILLING RIGS, WORKOVER RIGS and OIL/GAS PRODUCTION
INSTALLATIONS
1.0 Introduction
In the upstream petroleum sector, oil companies are engaged in onshore exploration,
development of oilfields and production of crude oil and/or gas. This involves activities like
drilling, workover operations, setting up of oil production installations which are carried out
initially at remote places.
However, experience shows that with the passage of time these places get surrounded by
residential, commercial and industrial establishments.
The large inventory and the inherent flammable nature of petroleum stored thereon poses
potential hazards to these installations and their surroundings which calls for provision of
inbuilt fire protection facilities at these places.
However it would be impractical and prohibitively expensive to design fire protection

facilities to control an oil well blowout fire or any such catastrophic fire situation at the
oilfield installations. Hence it is recommended that such installations set up an effective
fire safety management system to prevent any loss of containment or fire incident from
escalating into a major threat to these oilfield installations and their surroundings and
provide minimum necessary facilities to fight a single largest fire.
2.0 Scope
2.1 This standard lays down design criteria and minimum requirement of fire protection
facilities at Drilling rigs, Workover rigs and oil and gas Production installations viz WHI,
QPS, EPS and GGS/OCS, GCS and GCP and ETP.
This standard does not cover production installations having storage capacity for class A
and B petroleum products greater than 5000 KL. OISD-STD-117 shall be referred for such
installations.
2.2 This standard does not cover fire protection facilities for:-
1. Gas Processing Plants or Refineries for which OISD-STD-116 shall be referred.

2. Depots, Terminals, Pipeline Installations with or without Storages, Lube Oil
Installations, Grease Manufacturing and Filling Facilities and CTF for which OISD-
STD-117 shall be applicable.
3. Installations storing, handling and bottling LPG for which OISD-STD-144, OISD-STD-
150 or OISD-GDN-169, as applicable shall be referred.
4. Port Oil Terminals for which OISD-STD-156 shall be applicable.
5. Control Room and Electrical Installations for which OISD-STD-163 and OISD-STD-
173 respectively shall be referred.
2.3 The requirements of this standard shall be applicable to all new locations conceived after
publication of this revised edition.
In old installations also, which existed before the date of publication of this revised edition,
the requirements of this revised standard shall be implemented to enhance fire safety of
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these old oilfields installations. In case of installations where all the requirements cant be
met, the same shall be compensated with other reasonable control measures.
3.0 Definition
3.1 Area classification

Division of an installation into hazardous and non-hazardous areas and subdivision of
hazardous zones.
3.2 Assembly point

Area where mustering shall take place in the event of an emergency alarm actuation.
3.3 Central Tank Farm (CTF)

It is a facility where petroleum is received and stored in bulk for further dispatch either by
pipeline, rail or road. The aggregate storage capacity of petroleum should be above 5000
KL for class A and B petroleum products.
3.4 Class A fires

Fires that involve combustible materials of organic nature, such as wood, paper, cloth,
rubber and many plastics etc., where cooling effect by water is essential for fire extinction.
3.5 Class B fires

Fires in flammable liquids, petroleum products, or the like, where blanketing effect is
essential for fire extinction.
3.6 Class C fires

Fires that involve flammable gases under pressure including liquefied gases and
energized electrical equipment where it is necessary to inhibit the burning gas at a fast
rate with an inert gas, powder or vaporizing liquid for extinguishment.
3.7 Class D fires

Fires of combustible metals, such as Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc, Sodium, Potassium,
where burning metals are reactive to water, water containing agents or in certain cases
CO2, halogenated hydrocarbons and ordinary dry powders. These fires require special
media and technique for extinction.
3.8 Classification for Heated Petroleum

Petroleum if handled by artificially heating it to above its flash point, Class C petroleum
shall be considered as Class B petroleum and Class B petroleum as Class A petroleum.
3.9 Clean Agent

Electrically non-conductive, volatile or gaseous fire extinguishing material that does not
leave a residue upon evaporation and meets the requirements given in the latest NFPA
2001 standard on clean agent fire extinguishing systems.
3.10 Drilling Rig (DR)

It is a compact mobile unit comprising of derrick structure, power generating unit for
running the draw-works, mud preparation unit and other associated equipment necessary
for carrying out drilling operation in the earths crust by mechanical means to reach down
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to the petroleum bearing zones below the ground for exploration and development of oil
and gas field.
3.11 Eductor
A device that uses venturi principle to create a pressure drop that induces suction on
the pickup tube to introduce foam concentrate into the water stream.
3.12 Emergency lighting

Lighting which will ensure adequate illumination in the installation in the event of any
failure of the main power supply.
3.13 Early Production Set-up (EPS)

It is a production installation similar to GGS/OCS in nature; however, smaller in capacity.
It is generally setup at a very early stage of development of any oilfield area where the
number of wells are limited and the aggregate petroleum storage capacity is above 240
KL but up to 1000 KL for class A and B petroleum products.
3.14 Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

A plant where effluent (produced water) is treated to bring down outlet parameters to an
acceptable level as per the applicable regulatory requirements.
3.15 Flammable
A material capable of igniting easily and burning intensely or spreading flame rapidly.
3.16 Flammable mixture

A gas-air mixture that is capable of being ignited by an open flame, electric arc or spark,
or device operating at or above the ignition temperature of the gas-air mixture.
3.17 Flash Point

The lowest temperature at which a flammable or combustible liquid yields a vapor which
will give a momentary flash when ignited.
Petroleum other than LPG is classified according to the closed cup flash point as follows:
o
Petroleum Class A : Petroleum having a flash point below 23 C.
o o
Petroleum Class B : Petroleum having a flash point of 23 C and above but below 65 C.
o o
Petroleum Class C : Petroleum having a flash point of 65 C and above but below 93 C.
o
Excluded Petroleum: Petroleum having a flash point above 93 C and above.
3.18 Foam concentrate

A concentrated liquid foaming agent as received from the supplier.
3.19 Foam concentration

The percentage of foam concentrate contained in a foam solution.
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3.20 Foam expansion ratio
The ratio of final foam volume to original foam solution volume.
3.21 Foam solution

A homogeneous mixture of water and foam concentrate in the proper proportions.
3.22 Foam solution (Premixed)

A solution which is prepared by introducing a measured amount of foam concentrate into
a given amount of water in a (foam solution) storage tank.
3.23 Gas Collecting Station (GCS) and Gas Compressor Plant (GCP)
A plant/station where gas is received, liquids separated, gas is dehydrated (if required)
and gas is further compressed for onward transmission.
However the installations where gas processing also involves dew point depression, etc,
this standard is not applicable. Refer OISD-STD-116 on Fire protection facilities for
petroleum refineries & oil/gas processing plants and OISD-STD-226 on Standard on
natural gas transmission pipelines for applicable provisions.
3.24 Group Gathering Station (GGS)/Oil Collecting Station (OCS)

It is a production installation where petroleum production from number of wells is collected
for treating and separating oil, water and gas before dispatch. The aggregate storage
capacity of petroleum is above 1000 KL but up to 5000 KL for class A and B petroleum
product.
3.25 Hazardous Area

A space is deemed to be hazardous in which a flammable atmosphere is expected to be
present in such concentrations and frequencies which require special precautions for the
construction, installation and the use of electrical apparatus and equipment during normal
and abnormal operating conditions.
Zone 0: An area in which a hazardous atmosphere is continuously present.
Zone 1: An area in which a hazardous atmosphere is likely to occur under normal

operating condition.
Zone 2: An area in which a hazardous atmosphere is likely to occur only under abnormal
operating conditions.
3.26 Ignition source

A source of heat or other forms of energy sufficient to initiate a combustion.
3.27 Means of escape

Fixed stairways, ladders, passages of non combustible construction or portable flexible
ladders.
3.28 Petroleum
Means naturally occurring hydrocarbons in a free state whether in the form of natural gas
or in a liquid, viscous or solid form but does not include helium occurring in association
with petroleum.
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3.29 Proportioner
A metering device that allows correct percentage of foam concentrate to be introduced
into the water stream for generation of finished foam.
3.30 Quick Production Set-up (QPS)

It is a production installation, generally set up in case of new oil field area. More than one
well could be connected to it with an aggregate petroleum storage capacity above 120 KL
but up to 240 KL for class A and B petroleum products.
3.31 Shall
indicate that provision is mandatory.
3.32 Should
indicate that provision is recommendatory as per good engineering practices.
3.33 Water monitor

It is controllable high capacity water jet used for manual fire fighting or automatic fire
protection systems. Fixed monitors can be directed by a single fire fighter, compared to a
standard fire hose which normally requires several.
3.34 Water cum foam monitor

It is similar to water monitor with provision for foam service. For foam service additional
components include educator, foam branch pipe, pick up tube etc.
3.35 Well Head Installation (WHI)

It is a production installation, generally set at the well site itself with an aggregate
petroleum storage capacity up to 120 KL for class A and B petroleum products.
3.36 Workover Rig (WOR)

It is a compact mobile unit comprising of derrick structure, equipment necessary for
mud/workover fluid preparation and power generation, etc. The unit is mainly used for oil
and/or gas well servicing to perform a variety of remedial operations on oil and/or gas well
based on the technical requirement with the overall objective of restoring/increasing its
production.
4.0 Fire Protection Philosophy
Activities involved in exploration and production of petroleum carries an inherent potential

hazard due to their flammable nature and large inventories stored at oilfield installations.
A fire in one facility can endanger other facilities, if not controlled/extinguished as quickly
as possible to minimize the loss of life/property and prevent further spread of fire. Hence
the fire protection philosophy for such installations should be based on loss prevention
and control respectively.
4.1 General Considerations
1. The size of storage, primarily determines the requirements of a basic fire protection
system, in production installations.
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2. Layout of GGS/OCS, GCS and GCP and disposal system of blow down, drainage from
equipment handling petroleum shall be done as per OISD-STD-118 and OISD-STD-
109 as applicable. However for fire protection system reference shall be made to
clause 5.2.14 for safe inter distances.
3. Special consideration should be given in layout for heated product lines laid, alongside
the pipeline carrying lighter petroleum products.
4. Proper layout of plant facilities equipment and piping can minimize risk by providing
adequate fire fighting access, means of escape and isolation/segregation of facilities,
so that adjoining facilities are not endangered during fire.
5. All drilling and workover rigs are rigged up for short duration and activities are similar
in nature therefore basic fire protection facilities and design criteria would be similar.
6. Depending on the nature and size of installation and risks involved, appropriate fire
protection facilities out of following shall be provided :-
i) Water Spray System.

ii) Foam System.
iii) Hydrants and Monitors.
iv) Fire Extinguishers.
v) Portable/mobile fire fighting equipment
vi) Clean Agent system
7. Control room should have portable emergency lights.
4.2 Design Criteria for Fire Protection System
The following shall be the design criteria for a fire protection system:-
1. The fire protection facilities shall be designed considering that city fire water supply is
not available close to the installation.
2. The fire protection facilities at drilling rig, workover rig and production installations like
WHI, QPS and EPS shall be designed to initiate an immediate fire fighting operation
so as to prevent escalation into a major emergency.
3. Water spray system shall be provided for GCS and GCP.
4. A single largest fire risk shall be considered for providing fire fighting facilities.
5. Installations storing Class A and B petroleum in above ground tanks shall be provided
with fixed water spray system, for the following conditions :-
i) Aggregate above ground storage of Class A and B petroleum is more than 1000
KL.
ii) Diameter of floating or fixed roof tanks storing Class A petroleum is more than 9 m.
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Further, fixed water spray system shall be provided on all the tanks, where inter
distances between tanks in dyke and/or within dykes are not meeting the requirements
of OISD-STD-118.
6. Fixed foam system or Semi-fixed foam system shall be provided for all tanks (floating
roof or fixed roof) and storing Class A or Class B petroleum.
7. Water cum foam monitors/foam hose streams shall be considered for fighting fires in
dyke area and spills.
8. In an ETP plant, all the areas susceptible to fire hazards shall be covered by fixed fire
fighting system with water cum foam monitors and hydrants.
9. Fire water system shall be designed for a minimum pressure of 7 kg/cm2 at the most
hydraulically remotest point of application.
Hydraulically remotest hydrant or monitor is the one located at farthest distance from the
pump or located highest on the superstructure or located at the end of a poorly sized
branch line, and encounters maximum pressure drop, at the designed flow rate at that
point.
4.3 Design Basis for Fire Protection System
1. Flow rate for water spray application for fixed or floating roof tanks shall be aggregate
of the following :-
i) 3 lpm/m of tank shell area for cooling a tank on fire.

ii) 3 lpm/m of tank shell area for exposure protection for all other tanks falling within
a radius of (R +30) m from centre of the tank on fire (R is the radius of tank on
fire).
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iii) 1 lpm/m of tank shell area for exposure protection for all other tanks falling
outside a radius of (R+30) m from centre of the tank on fire (R is the radius of
tank on fire) and located in the same dyke.
2. Flow rate for foam solution application for tanks shall be based on the following :-
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i) 5 lpm/m of liquid surface area for fixed roof tank.
2
ii) 12lpm/m of seal area with considering foam dam width of 0.8 m for floating roof
tank.
3. Water quantity required for making foam solution depends on the percent
concentration of foam compound used :-
i) Foams in normal use have 3% and 6% proportioning ratio. Therefore, water

quantity required will be 97% or 94% of above specified foam application rate.
ii) However, foam suppliers data shall be used to determine exact water quantity
requirement.
4. Fire water flow rate for tank farm shall be aggregate of the following :-
i) Water flow rate for cooling single largest tank on fire and exposure protection to
other tanks as per 4.3-1.
ii) Water flow rate for applying foam solution on single largest tank on fire.
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5. All tanks farms having class A or B petroleum storage shall be considered,
irrespective of diameter of tanks and whether fixed water spray system is provided or
not, to arrive at different fire water flow rate requirements and the largest of the rate to
be taken as design fire water flow rate.
6. Fire water flow rate for supplementary water streams shall be based on using 4 single
hydrant outlets and 1 water monitor simultaneously. Capacity of each hydrant outlet as
3 3
36 m / hr and of monitor as 144 m /hr should be considered.
7. The design fire water flow rate for GGS/OCS shall be the largest of item 4 and 6
(Annexure-I).
8. Fire water flow rate for gas compressor shed at GCP shall be at 20.4 lpm/m of shed
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area or with two water monitors, of 2400 lpm (144 m /hr) capacity each whichever is
higher.
9. Fire water flow rate for drilling rig shall meet the requirement of monitor of 1750 lpm
3
(105 m /hr) capacity.
10. Fire water flow rate at workover rig shall meet the requirement of monitor of 1750 lpm
3
(105m /hr) capacity.
11. Fire water flow rate for WHI and QPS shall be met with two hose streams at 600 lpm
3
(36 m /hr) each or trolley mounted fire water monitor of 1200 lpm with supply hoses
readily connected to the hydrant main or water source.
12. Fire water flow rate for EPS shall be as per GGS/OCS.
13. Fire water flow rate for ETP shall be as per GGS/OCS.
5.0 Fire Protection System for GGS/OCS
Fire water system is provided for fire control, fire extinguishment and exposure protection
of equipment and personnel from heat radiation. The main components of fire water
system are:-
5.1 Fire Water Storage
1. Water for fire fighting shall be stored in easily accessible surface or underground or
above ground tanks of masonry, concrete or steel with positive suction.
2. The effective capacity of the reservoirs/tanks above the level of suction point shall be
sufficient for minimum 2 hours in case of GGS/OCS for firefighting at design fire water
flow rate.
3. Water reservoir shall be in two interconnected compartments of equal capacity to

facilitate cleaning and repairs. In case of steel tanks, there shall be two tanks each
having capacity equivalent to 50 % of total water storage requirement of an installation.
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4. Where reliable make up water supply is 50% or more of design fire flow rate, the
storage capacity can be reduced to 1 hours of fire fighting.
5. Fire water pumps and storage tanks/reservoirs shall be provided with circulation line.
6. Fire water supply should preferably be from fresh water source such as river, tube
well, pond or lake. In case sea water or treated effluent water is used for fire fighting
purposes, the material of the pipe shall be suitable for the selected quality of water.
7. Necessary facilities shall be provided to top up fire water storage tanks to maintain the
level to their full capacity.
8. The installation shall have facilities to receive and divert make-up water during fire
fighting from various sources, e.g. ETP, water tankers, river, pond, etc. to the fire
water storage tanks.
5.2 Fire Water Pumps
1. Fire water pumps shall be installed to meet the design fire water flow rate and head
and shall have flooded suction.
2. If fire water is stored in underground tanks, an overhead water tank of sufficient
capacity shall be provided for flooded suction and compensating for leakages in the
network.
3. The pumps shall be capable of discharging 150% of its rated capacity at a minimum of
65% of the rated head. The shut-off head shall not exceed 120% of rated head for
horizontal centrifugal pumps and 140% for vertical turbine pump.
4. At least one standby fire water pump shall be provided for up to 2 nos. of main pumps.
For 3 nos. and above main pumps, minimum 2 nos. standby pumps of the same type,
capacity and head as the main pumps shall be provided.
5. The fire water pump(s) including the standby pump(s) shall be diesel driven engine.
Where electric supply is reliable, some of the pumps can be electric driven provided
number of diesel driven pumps are minimum 50% of the total number of pumps
(inclusive of standby pumps).
6. In case of electric supply, routing of feeder cable shall not be done through high fire
risk areas or through the space containing cables of other electrical equipment as far
as practicable.
7. Lighting and ventilation for fire water pump house should be adequate and lighting
shall have emergency power supply.
8. Relief valve shall be provided if fire water pumps are capable of developing a pressure
exceeding the design pressure of pipe and piping system components.
9. Every centrifugal pump shall have :-
i) Strainer on suction header.
ii) Non-return valve and pressure gauge on discharge header.
11. The diesel engine of fire pumps shall be quick starting type with the help of push
buttons located on or near the pumps or located at a remote location.
12. Each engine shall have an independent fuel tank sized for three hours continuous
running of the pump on full load, to be located preferably outside the pump house.
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13. Diesel driven pumps shall be capable of being readily started in coldest condition at
that location.
14. Fire water pumps and storage tanks shall be located minimum 30 m away from
installation equipment or where hydrocarbons are handled or stored.
15. Fire water network shall be kept charged. In case water is stored in above ground
storage tanks having water level above the highest point of fire water network, a direct
connection with an NRV shall be provided to the fire water network from the water
storage tank(s) for keeping the fire water network charged.
Alternately, fire water network shall be kept pressurized with jockey pump. In case
jockey pump is used, a standby jockey pump of similar type, capacity and head shall
be provided. The capacity of jockey pumps shall be 5% minimum and maximum10%
of the design fire water rate. Its head shall be higher than the main fire water pumps.
Auto cut-in /cut-off facility should be provided for jockey pumps..
16. Fire water pumps shall be exclusively used for fire fighting purpose only.
5.3 Fire Water Network
1. The fire water ring main shall be provided all around perimeter of the installation and
shall not pass through buildings or dyke areas.
2. The fire water network shall be laid in closed loops to ensure multi-directional flow in
the system.
3. The firewater mains shall be laid by the side of road. They shall not be laid beside the
petroleum piping.
4. Number of isolation valves on main header must be decided in such a way that at a
time not more than one segment (portion of line between two junctions) of fire water
line is isolated.
5. Isolation valve shall be of a type (gate or butterfly) having open/close indication which
can be opened easily and quickly by one person.
6. Valves larger than six inches in diameter should be equipped with a gear mechanism
to facilitate opening.
7. The isolation valves shall be easily identifiable and located where they are accessible
during fire and should be close to the loop junctions.
8. Additional valves shall be provided in the segments where the length of segment
exceeds 300 m.
9. The fire water network piping should normally be laid above ground at a height of at
least 30 cm above finished ground level.
10. Pipes made of composite material shall be laid underground.
11. The ring main shall be laid underground at the following places.
i) Road crossings.
ii) Places where above ground piping is likely to cause obstruction to operations and
vehicle movement.
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iii) Places where above ground piping is likely to get damaged mechanically.
iv) Within 0.15 bar over pressure contour in plant areas where explosions cannot be
excluded.
12. Where ambient temperature is likely to fall sub zero, water should be circulated in
above ground piping or the piping shall be laid under ground at least 1 m below
finished grade.
13. If fire water ring mains are laid underground, the following shall be ensured :-
i) The ring main shall have at least 1 m earth cushion in open ground, 1.5 m cushion
under the road crossings and in case of crane movement area pipeline shall be
protected with concrete/steel encasement.
ii) The underground ring main shall be protected against soil corrosion by suitable
anticorrosion coating/wrapping. Where pipes are coming out/going in from/into the
ground, the underground anticorrosion coating on the pipe will continue for a length
of at least 300 mm above ground.
14. For underground mains, isolation valves shall be located in RCC/brick masonry
chamber of suitable size to facilitate their operation and maintenance.
15. The fire water mains shall be supported at regular intervals not exceeding 6 m. For
pipeline size less than 150 mm, support interval shall not exceed 3 m.
16. Pipe supports and hangers should be designed for potential damage from impact
and over pressure.
17. The pipe support shall have only point contact (Pad welded to carrier pipe should rest
on the support system).
18. Fire water mains, hydrant and monitor stand posts, risers of water spray system shall be
painted with Fire Red paint as per of IS: 5. Anti Corrosion coating/paint shall be used in
corrosion prone areas.
19. Fire water ring mains shall be sized for 120% of the design fire water flow rate.
20. Piping shall be designed for the maximum operating pressure that the fire pumps can
generate (considering shut off pressure at 1.2 times the rated head), but not less
than 12.6 Kg/cm2.
21. The piping system shall be hydrostatically tested for 4 hours at 1.5 times the design
pressure.
22. There shall be no branch line provision from the fire water network for any alternate
use.
5.4 Water Spray System
1. It is a fixed pipe system connected to a reliable source of pressurised water supply

and equipped with water spray nozzles for specific water discharge and distribution
over the surface of area to be protected.
2. Water spray system shall be tested for full flow test to determine the actual water
spray density.
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3. Piping downstream of a system actuation valve should be installed with minimum
number of low and trapped section of pipes that will require drain points.
4. If carbon steel pipe and fittings are used, these must be galvanized inside and
outside. If galvanizing is removed during cutting or threading, the exposed steel shall
be coated with corrosion resistant paint.
5. Screwed unions shall not be used on pipes larger than 50 mm in size.
6. Flushing connections should be provided on the end of cross mains and feed mains.
7. Plugs should be installed at all nozzle points to provide a closed network while hydro
testing.
5.4.1 Actuation Valve
1. Water spray system of tanks, which could require different flow rates for cooling, 3
lpm/m (for cooling the tank on fire and exposure protection of nearby tanks refer
4.3(i), (ii) and 1 lpm/m (for exposure protection of far off tanks-refer 4.3(iii)), should
be provided with suitable number of manifolds (with separate actuation valves for the
two flow rates) between the main fire water line and tanks fire water risers.
2. The actuation valve shall be of a type, which can be opened easily and quickly by
one person during emergency.
3. The design of operating mechanism shall permit opening of any one of the two
valves at a time.
4. The manifold(s) should be located where it is easily identifiable and accessible during
fire. Its location should be adjacent to, but outside of the tank dyke, so that it will not
be readily cut off by fire in the dyke.
Note: Based on the storage tanks layout, quite often it would be more practical, for ease
of operation and simplicity, to make provisions for 3lpm rate both for (a) cooling the tank
on fire and exposure protection of nearby tanks (within R+30), and (b) exposure
protection of tanks beyond R+30 (but in the same dyke).
5.4.2 Spray Nozzles
1. The spray density and distribution pattern for a particular application are functions of
nozzle design, recommended spacing and pressure at the nozzle inlet. These factors
must be considered when reviewing the placement of nozzles to ensure effective
water coverage at the most hydraulically remote nozzles.
2
2. The discharge pressure of nozzle shall not be less than 1.4 Kg/cm .
3. The nozzle orifice should be at least 6 mm in size to reduce the chances of plugging
by pipe scale or other debris. A suitable strainer shall be installed on the sprinkler
system supply outside the dyke wall to prevent clogging of the spray nozzle.
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4. Wherever possible, nozzles should be connected to the top of water lines in upright
position.
5. The nozzle configuration shall direct water spray onto all exposed surfaces without
leaving any dry spot. Where stiffener rings are welded on the tank shells, spray
system rings shall be so arranged to ensure uniform cooling above and below the
rings without leaving any dry spots.
6. Spray nozzles shall be directed radially to the tank at a distance not exceeding 0.6 m
from the tank shell. Only one type of spray nozzle shall be used for a particular
tank/facility.
7. In coastal locations, spray nozzles used shall be corrosion resistant to the marine
atmosphere.
5.4.3 Drainage System
Water spray system can discharge large quantity of water in a relatively short period of
time. Therefore, drainage system shall be designed such that there is no accumulation of
water in the dyke which can seriously affect the stability of tank(s) and/or lead to overflow
of accumulated water from the dyke.
The following shall be ensured for effective drainage system:-
1. The dyke area shall be properly leveled, sloped and compacted/paved to facilitate
effective and fast drainage.
2. Drains having adequate discharge capacity shall be provided in the dyke and kept
clean all the times.
3. Tank farm drainage / spillages /rain water shall be routed either to oily water
sewerage or storm water channel. Provision should exist for diversion valves located
outside the dyke. In case of clear rain water, the same shall be diverted to open
channel. Should a tank rupture, the contents shall remain within the bund wall and
gradually be diverted to oily water sewer.
5.5 Hydrants and Monitors
5.5.1 Functional Requirements for Hydrants and Monitors
1. Fire-water mains shall be equipped with double headed hydrants to which hoses can
be connected. The number and position of hydrants shall be sufficient to permit
effective fire-fighting by the Emergency Response team.
2. Where hydrants are supplied by a fire-water main, the system shall be designed so
that the pressure available will allow safe operation of such equipment at the
maximum pressures which shall be present in the fire-water main.
3. Consideration should be given to the provision of suitable foam-making equipment

and concentrate for use with hydrants.
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4. Hoses, nozzles, valve keys, etc. should be stored adjacent to hydrants. Each hydrant
shall be provided with a hose box equipped with two numbers of standard fire hose
and multipurpose foam cum water, spray nozzle. Alternatively group of hydrants to be
provided with hose hut with sufficient number of standard fire hoses and
multipurpose foam cum water, spray nozzle. Hose hut should be quickly and easily
accessible from hydrants.
5. Monitors (for water and foam service) should be used to provide water-spray
coverage or foam application. Monitors can be water-cum-foam type.
6. The design of monitors shall consider location, size of supply piping, arrangement of
control valves.
7. Each monitor shall have sufficient movement in the horizontal and vertical planes to
permit the monitor to be brought to bear on any point of the part protected by that
monitor. There shall be means for locking the monitor in position.
8. Each monitor shall be capable of discharging under jet and spray conditions. The
locations and discharge characteristics of the monitor shall be selected to suit the
role and exposure protection required from the monitors and the local environmental
conditions.
5.5.2 General Requirements for Hydrants and Monitors
1. Monitors and hydrants shall be provided alternatively for every 30 m of installations

perimeter in case of hazardous areas. Hydrants be spaced 45 m apart in non-
hazardous area.
2. Monitors and hydrants shall be located at a minimum distance of 15 m from the

periphery of storage tank or equipment under protection.
3. Hydrants and monitors shall not be located more than 45 m from the hazard to be
protected unless more than 45 m is mandated by radiation levels, based on QRA,
4. In case of buildings, this distance shall not be less than 5 m and not more than 15 m
from the face of building. Hydrants within the building shall be provided in
accordance with IS: 3844.
5. Hydrant/Monitors shall be located by the side of road and provided with operational
platform for convenient operation.
6. Hydrant outlets and monitor actuation valves shall be positioned at workable height
of 1.2 m above finished ground or operating platform level.
7. Hydrants and monitors shall not be installed inside the dyke areas.
8. Hydrants and monitors shall be located on branch connection and not directly on the
main fire water line.
9. The monitor and hydrant assembly shall be free from sharp edges and waterways
with smooth finish.
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10. Mild steel/carbon steel components of monitors and hydrants which would be in
direct contact with water shall be galvanized.
11. Monitors and hydrants shall be easily accessible and provided with safe approach.
12. Monitors and hydrants shall not have any obstruction within their water stream
throw/reach.
13. Fire water mains, hydrant and monitor stand posts, risers and distribution piping of
water spray system shall be painted with Fire Red paint as per of IS:5.
14. Hose boxes, monitor assemblies and hydrant outlets shall be painted with Luminous
Yellow paint as per IS: 5.
15. Corrosion resistant paint shall be used in corrosion prone areas.
16. Each hydrant should be provided with independent isolation valve.
5.6 Foam System
5.6.1 Types of Foam
Foams are classified by producing action of generation and expansion. Foam concentrate
to be used shall conform to IS: 4989 2006/UL 162 or Equivalent Standard.
5.6.2 Types of Low Expansion Foam
For combating large hydrocarbon fires particularly in a contained area like storage tank,
foam has proved useful for its inherent blanketing ability, heat resistance and security
against burn-back. Type of foam shall be compatible with other fire fighting agents.
Efficient and effective foam delivery system is a vital tool for its usefulness in controlling
the fire.
The process of adding or injecting the foam concentrate to water is called proportioning.
The mixture of water and foam compound (foam solution) is then mixed with air in a foam
maker (in aspirating type system) for onward transmission to burning surface.
5.6.3 Conveying Systems
The system consists of an adequate water supply, supply of foam concentrate, suitable
proportioning equipment, a proper piping system, foam makers and discharge devices
designed to adequately distribute the foam over the hazard.
Conventional systems are of the open outlet type, in which foam discharges from all foam
outlets at the same time, covering the entire hazard within the confines of the system.
There are following types of systems:-
i) Fixed
ii) Semi-Fixed
iii) Mobile
iv) Sub-surface foam injection
v) Under the Seal Foam application
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(i) Fixed Foam System
Fixed foam conveying system comprises of fixed piping for water supply at adequate
pressure, foam concentrate tank, eductor, suitable proportioning equipment for
drawing foam concentrate and making foam solution, fixed piping system for onward
conveying to foam makers for making foam, vapor seal box and foam pourer.
(ii) Semi-Fixed Foam System
Semi-fixed foam system gets supply of foam solution through the mobile foam
tender. A fixed piping system connected to foam makers cum vapor seal box in case
of cone roof tanks and foam maker and foam pourers in the case of floating roof
tanks conveys foam to the surface of tank.
(iii) Mobile System
Mobile system includes foam producing unit mounted on wheels which may be self
propelled or towed by a vehicle. These units supply foam through monitors/foam
towers to the burning surface.
(iv) Sub-surface foam injection
This system is for protection of fixed roof storage tanks. It comprises of high back
pressure foam generator connected through product lines or separate lines near
the bottom of the tank.
(v) Under the Seal Foam application
This is a system for floating roof tank where the foam travels through a flexible pipe
inside the tank upto the center of the tank roof and exits at the seal rim of the
floating roof precisely where the fire is located thus rapidly flooding the seal rim
area and quickly extinguishing the fire.
For ease of operation and to avoid time delay it would be more practicable to have
fixed foam system and it can also have attachment for mobile system.
5.6.4 Floating Roof Tank Protection
For floating roof tank, foam shall be poured at the foam dam to blanket the roof seal.
Features of foam system for floating roof tank protection shall be as follows:-
i) System be designed to create foam blanket on the burning surface in a reasonably

short period.
ii) Foam shall be applied to the burning hazard continuously at a rate high enough to
overcome the destructive effects of radiant heat.
iii) Foam makers/foam pourers shall be located not more than 24 m apart on the shell
perimeter based on 600 mm foam dam height. The height of foam dam shall be at
least 51 mm above the top of metallic secondary seal.
iv) A minimum of two foam pourers shall be provided.
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5.6.5 Fixed Roof Tank Protection
Foam conveying system shall have same features as of floating roof tank excepting that a
vapor seal chamber is required before the foam discharge outlet.
Features of the foam system for fixed roof protection shall be as follows:
i) The vapor seal chamber shall be provided with an effective and durable seal, fragile
under low pressure, to prevent entrance of vapour into the foam conveying piping
system.
ii) Where two or more pourers are required these shall be equally spaced at the periphery
of the tank and each discharge outlet shall be sized to deliver foam at approximately
the same rate.
iii) Tanks shall be provided with foam discharge outlets/pourers as indicated below:-
Tank diameter Foam Pourer

(In M) (Minimum Nos.)
Up to 20 2
Above 20 and up to 25 3
The design foam solution discharge rate (in lpm) shall be divided by final number of
pourers to arrive at their capacity; with following riders:-
Discharge rate shall not exceed 1000 lpm at 7 kg/cm2 (g) upstream of the foam pourer.
Spacing of foam pourers shall not be more than 24 m apart on the shell perimeter of the
tank.
Suitable provision should be provided for ease of maintenance, inspection and testing of
foam pourer.
5.6.6 Floating cum Fixed Roof Tank Protection
Protection facilities shall be provided as required for fixed roof tank.
5.6.7 Protection for Dyke Area/Spill Fire
Water cum foam monitors/foam hose streams shall be considered for fighting fires in
dyked area and spills.
5.6.8 Foam Application Rate
The minimum delivery rate for primary protection based on the assumption that all the
foam reaches the area being protected shall be as indicated below :-
For cone roof tanks containing liquid hydrocarbons, the foam solution delivery rate shall
be at least 5 lpm/m2 of liquid surface area of the tank to be protected.
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For floating roof tanks containing liquid hydrocarbons foam solution delivery rate shall be
at least 12 lpm/m2 of seal area considering foam dam width of 0.8 m of the tank to be
protected.
For fires in dyked areas and spills; foam solution application rate shall be 2400 lpm.
In determining total solution flow requirements, potential foam losses from wind and other
factors shall be considered.
5.6.9 Duration of Foam Discharge
The equipment shall be capable of providing primary protection at the specified delivery
rates for the following minimum duration.
i) Tanks containing Class 'A' and 'B' 65 minutes.
ii) Where the system's primary purpose is for spill fire protection 30 minutes.
5.6.10 Water for Foam Making
Water quantity required for making foam solution depends on the percent concentration
of foam concentrate. Foams in normal use have a 3% to 6% proportioning ratio. However,
foam supplier data shall be used for determining water requirement.
5.6.11 Foam Quantity Requirement
The quantity of foam concentrate required should be calculated as below considering:-
i) Foam solution application at the rate of 5 lpm/m2 for the liquid surface of the single
largest cone roof tank or at the rate of 12 lpm/m2 of seal area of the single largest
floating roof tank for 65 minutes whichever is higher.
From the calculated foam solution required, the quantity of foam concentrate based on
3% or 6% proportion should be calculated (Annexure-II).
ii) One monitor stream of 2400 lpm or 4 single hydrant streams of 600 lpm each of foam
solution for 30 minutes (spill fire)
From the calculated foam solution required, the quantity of foam concentrate based on
3% or 6% proportion should be calculated(Annexure-II).
iii) Minimum of 1000 lts of foam concentrate.
The quantity of foam concentrate should be largest of 5.6.11 (i), 5.6.11(ii) and 5.6.11(iii).
5.6.12 Foam Concentrate Storage
Foam concentrate should be stored as explained in IS-4989:2006/UL-162.
Type of foam concentrate to be used can be protein, fluro-protein or AFFF. Alcohol

Resistant foam shall be used for handling methanol and ethanol fires. Sufficient quantity
of Alcohol resistant foam concentrate shall be maintained at the installation to handle
methanol and ethanol fire.
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Shelf life of foam concentrate shall be taken from manufacturer's data.
Foam concentrate shall be tested periodically as per OEM guidelines to ensure its quality
and the deteriorated quantity shall be replaced. The deteriorated foam concentrate can be
used for fire training purposes. For details of type of tests and their periodicity, refer IS
4989: 2006/UL- 162 or equivalent standard.
Quantity of foam concentrate equal to 100% of requirement as calculated in 5.6.11 should

be stored in the Installation. This quantity may be suitably reduced, if mutual aid for
compatible foam supply is available.
5.7 Fire Fighting Accessories
5.7.1 Hoses
1. The length and diameter of the hoses should be 15 m and 63 mm respectively fitted
with instantaneous type male and female couplings of non spark type metal.
2. Over and above the hoses (2 numbers) provided for each hydrant (in the hose box)
additional hoses, appropriate number, shall be provided.
3. The hoses shall be stored at convenient and easily accessible location in the
installation.
4. Fire hoses to be used shall be as per IS 636 Non-percolating Synthetic Hose (Type B)
or Equivalent Standard.
5.7.2 Nozzles
1. Multipurpose foam cum water with water jet, spray, Water curtain nozzle and Foam
branch pipe as per relevant IS or equivalent standards shall be maintained at the
installation.
2. Nozzles and hoses (and portable foam equipment if used) should be located in the
most suitable positions considering the probable direction of approach of fire teams.
3. Where appropriate, enclosures should be provided to protect this equipment against

mechanical damage and against the environment.
5.7.3 Accessories
1. The following minimum number of Personal Protective Equipment, First Aid Equipment
and Safety Instrument shall be provided as indicated against each item :-
i) Sand drum with scoop: 4 Nos.

ii) Safety helmet: 1 No. per person.
iii) Stretcher with blanket: 2 Nos.
iv) First Aid box: 1 No.
v) Rubber hand glove: 2 Pairs.
vi) Explosimeter: 1 No.
vii) Electrical siren: 1 No. of sufficient range to cover whole of the installation
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viii) Hand operated siren: 1 No.
ix) Intrinsically safe torch-2 Nos
x) Red and Green flag for fire drill- 2 Nos. in each colour.
xi) SCBA Set (30 minute capacity) - 2 Set with spare cylinder.
xii) Wind sock-1 No
2. The requirement of above equipment is minimum for each item and can be increased
depending on the scale of operations/size of installation or requirement of Local
Statutory Bodies/State Govt., as the case should be.
3. All above mentioned accessories shall be readily available at the installation and
positioned to have easy access to it during emergency.
5.8 Material Specifications
The materials used in fire protection system shall be of approved type as indicated below:-
5.8.1 Pipe
1. Carbon Steel as per IS: 3589/IS: 1239/IS: 1978 or Composite Material or its equivalent
for fresh water service.
2. In case saline, brackish or treated effluent water is used, the fire water ring main of
steel pipes, internally cement mortar lines or glass reinforced epoxy coated or pipes
made of material suitable for the quality of water shall be used. Alternately, pipes made
of composite materials shall be used.
3. The composite material to be used shall be as per API 15LR/API 15HR.
5.8.2 Isolation Valve
Isolation valves made of cast steel shall be used. For saline/brackish water other
materials such as cupro-nickel should be used.
5.8.3 Monitor and Hydrant
Stand post - Carbon Steel

Outlet valves - Gunmetal/Aluminum/ Stainless/ Steel/Al-Zn Alloy
6.0 Fire Protection System for Rigs and other Production Installations
6.1 Drilling Rig
The following fire fighting system shall be provided at drilling rig :-
1. Fire water system shall be designed to meet fire water flow required to fight fire with
one monitor at 1750 lpm flow rate.
2. Water storage and pumping facility shall be sufficient to initiate fire fighting for
minimum 30 minutes with a water monitor at 1750 lpm.
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3. A single fire water line of minimum 4 size shall be located at a minimum distance of
15 m from the wellhead area.
4. A diesel engine driven trailer or skid mounted fire water pump of suitable capacity shall
be placed at the approach area of a drilling site. The fire pump shall be capable of
2
developing minimum 7 Kg/cm pressure and permanently hooked up with the water
tank and fire water line.
5. The fire water line shall be designed and properly supported to withstand
2
pressure/reaction force at 7 Kg/cm .
6. The fire water line shall have two independent connections with NRV to hook up fire
water pump and fire water tender.
7. A skid mounted water tank(s) of minimum 53 KL effective capacity shall be provided at

the entry point of drilling rig. At exploratory well drilling, provision of additional tank or
pit of equivalent capacity shall be made.
8. If tanks effective capacity is less than 53 KL shortfall shall be made up by water from
water pit/tank (for mud preparation). In this case it will be ensured that pumping
arrangement to transfer water to the fire water tank and required quantity of water (to
be transferred to fire water tank) is always available.
9. Fire water tank(s) and water tank provided for mud preparation shall be located at a
safe place and always kept full of water.
10. Separate water filling arrangement shall be made to top up water tank(s) / pit.
11. Two single headed hydrants shall be provided on the water line, one near bunk house
and the other near generator area.
12. One fixed water-cum-foam monitor shall be installed on the water line in the centre of
two hydrants and positioned minimum 15 m away from the wellhead area.
13. Hydrants and monitors shall be located on the line such that the entire drilling rig area
is fully covered.
14. The monitor shall not be located more than 30 m from the derrick area.
15. The hydrants and monitor shall be mounted on 4 size stand post and situated 1.2 m
above ground level.
16. Hose box at each hydrant point shall be provided and equipped with two fire hoses and
one multipurpose nozzle. Alternatively group of hydrants to be provided with hose hut
with sufficient number of standard fire hoses and multipurpose foam cum water, spray
nozzle. Hose hut should be quickly and easily accessible from hydrants.
17. Following fire fighting accessories shall be readily available at site :-

i) Additional Fire hose 2 Nos.
ii) Multipurpose nozzle -- 2 Nos.
iii) For foam system
a) Inline foam eductor- 2 Nos.
b) Foam branch pipe 2 Nos.
c) Foam compound minimum 200 lts.
iv) Weather-proof facility for storing above items.
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18. A fire bell of non sparking material shall be provided and clearly marked.
19. Fire fighting equipment and accessories shall be handled with utmost care during
transportation. A box/container should be provided to store hoses, nozzles, fire
extinguishers to minimize possibility of damage during transportation.
20. In case accommodation for the rig crew is provided at the drill site itself, the following
provisions shall be made:
a) Accommodation area shall be at minimum 90 m distance from the well, near to

exit.
b) DCP fire extinguishers shall be provided to adequately cover the living areas,
kitchen areas and utilities areas.
c) Alarm system, to warn off- duty personnel, in an emergency.
d) In the rig emergency response plan action(s) required to be taken by off-duty
personnel (like mustering at the designated locations) shall be clearly spelt out.
The above provisions shall also be applicable, in case accommodation is provided to the
working crew at workover rig.
6.2 Workover Rig
The fire fighting system at work over rig shall be as follows:-
1. Fire water system shall be designed to meet fire water flow required to fight fire with a
monitor at 1750 lpm flow rate.
2. Water storage and pumping facility shall be sufficient to initiate fire fighting for
minimum30 minutes with a water monitor at 1750 lpm.
3. A single fire water line of minimum 4size shall be located at a minimum distance of 15
m from the well head area. Alternatively, provision for hose line to be made. In the
latter case portable monitor would be provided.
4. One single headed hydrant and fixed water-cum-foam monitor shall be installed on the
water line and positioned minimum 15 m away from the wellhead area. These shall
cover wellhead and hazardous area.
5. Hose box at hydrant point shall be provided and equipped with two fire hoses and one
multipurpose nozzle. Alternatively group of hydrants to be provided with hose hut with
sufficient no. of standard fire hoses and multipurpose foam cum water, spray nozzle.
Hose hut should be quickly and easily accessible from hydrants.
6. The hydrant and monitor shall be mounted on 4 size stand post and situated 1.2 m
above ground level.
7. The fire water line shall have two independent connections with NRV to hook up fire
water pump and fire water tender.
8. The fire water line shall be designed and properly supported to withstand
pressure/reaction force at 7 Kg/cm2.
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9. A skid mounted water tank(s) or above ground concrete lined tank(s) of minimum 53
KL effective capacity shall be provided at the entry point of workover rig. Additional
connection shall be provided for connecting fire tender in case of emergency.
10. If tanks effective capacity is less than 53 KL shortfall shall be made up by water from
water pit/tank (for mud preparation). In this case it will be ensured that pumping
arrangement to transfer water to the fire water tank and required quantity of water (to
be transferred to fire water tank) is always available.
11. A diesel engine driven trailer or skid mounted fire water pump of suitable capacity shall
be provided.
2
12. The fire pump shall be capable of developing minimum 7 Kg/cm pressure and
permanently hooked up with the water tank and water line (if provided). In case of fire
hose line, pump outlet to have provision for quick connection of hose.
13. Fire water tank(s) and water tank provided for preparation of work over fluid shall be
located at a safe place and always kept full of water.
14. The following fire fighting accessories shall be readily available at site :-
i) Additional fire hose 2 Nos.
ii) Multipurpose nozzle 2 Nos.
a) Inline foam eductor-1 Nos.
iv) Weather-proof facility for storing above items.
6.3 Well Head Installation and Quick Production Set-up
1. The fire fighting system including water storage and pumping facility at WHI and QPS
shall be sufficient for fire fighting for minimum of 30 minutes at WHI and 45 minutes at
QPS at 1200 lpm.
2. A skid mounted water tank or underground or open concrete lined water tank of
3
minimum 36 and 54 m effective capacity shall be provided at WHI and QPS
respectively.
3. Sufficient number of hose lengths shall be provided to lay hose line to any part of the
installation in an emergency.
4. A diesel engine driven trailer or skid mounted fire water pump shall be provided.
2
5. The fire pump shall be capable of developing minimum 7 Kg/cm pressure and
permanently hooked up with the water tank. Pump outlet to have provision for quick
connection to hose.
6. A portable water-cum-foam monitor of 1200 lpm shall be positioned at the site.
7. The following fire fighting accessories shall also be readily available at site :-
i) Additional fire hose 2 Nos.
iii) Multipurpose nozzle 2 Nos.
a) Inline foam eductor-1 Nos.
iv) Weather proof facility for storing above items.
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6.4 Early Production Set-up
The fire fighting system at EPS shall be the same as provided for GGS / OCS except
water storage which shall be sufficient for minimum1 hour of fire fighting at design fire
water flow rate.
6.5 Effluent Treatment Plant
The fire fighting system at ETP shall be the same as provided for GGS / OCS except
water storage shall be sufficient for minimum1 hour of fire fighting at design water flow
rate. If ETP is a part of GGS, GCS or GCP, the same norms as that of the main facility
shall be followed for fire water storage.
If ETP is adjacent to a production installation, fire pumps, water storage etc can be
utilized. However ETP shall have its own fire water network.
6.6 Gas Collection Station and Gas Compression Plant
The fire fighting system at GCS/GCP shall be similar to GGS/OCS except the following:-
1. Fire water system shall be designed to meet fire water flow rate largest of the following for
minimum1 hour :-
i) Water flow at 20.4 lpm/m of gas compressor shed area.

or
ii) Two water monitors of 2400 lpm each
2. While calculating fire water flow rate for compressor shed of GCS/GCP, the shed area
should be divided into suitable number of segments so that maximum water requirement
can be optimized.
3. Monitors can be water cum foam monitor
4. Water spray system for compressor shed should be manually operated.
5. If GCS/GCP is located adjacent to GGS/OCS or CTF, separate water storage and

pumping facility need not be provided, if fire water network of GCS/GCP is hooked up with
fire water network of GGS/OCS or CTF.
6. A portable or fixed water-cum-foam monitor of 2400 lpm capacity shall be positioned near
condensate storage area.
In addition, following fire fighting accessories shall be readily available to fight condensate
storage tank & TT loading facility fire; for foam system
i) Inline foam eductor-1 No.
ii) Foam branch pipe 1 No.
iii) Foam compound refer 5.6.11 for foam quantity requirement
7.0 Fire Extinguishers
Since a fire starts small, most fires that are discovered early and attacked quickly are
usually controlled and extinguished before they can go out of control. The ready
availability of portable and semi-portable fire extinguishers is, therefore, very important
even when fixed fire protection system is available.
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7.1 Selection of Extinguishers
1. Fire extinguishers vary in size, as well as the extinguishing medium that they use.
Therefore not all extinguishers are suitable for use on various types of fires.
2. The various types of fire extinguishers available are water, dry chemical, carbon
dioxide and clean agent type. Hence, class of fire which should be anticipated shall
be considered while selecting right type of fire extinguishers.
3. The capacity, range and portability of extinguisher together with severity of incipient
fire anticipated and rapidity with which it could spread must be taken into account
while deciding size and number of extinguishers. The minimum number of fire
extinguishers at various locations shall be provided as recommended in annexure-
III.
4. The extinguishers provided in an installation shall be similar in shape and
appearance and have the same method of operation to the extent possible for ease
of use.
7.2 Location of Extinguishers
1. Extinguishers shall be located as to be easily accessible and readily available in the

event of fire.
2. They shall be placed in conspicuous positions for immediate use in all parts of the
installation.
3. These shall be placed as near as possible to exits or staircase landings without

hindering the escape routes.
4. Extinguishers for special risks shall be placed near to the risk area but not so near as
to be inaccessible in case of fire.
5. If special risk is contained in an enclosed area, the extinguisher shall be positioned

outside the area.
6. While selecting the location for wheeled extinguishers consideration for their mobility
in the area should be carefully considered.
7. If wheeled extinguishers are located indoors, the size of the doorways and passages
should be sufficient for easy movement of extinguisher.
8. The maximum travel distance from any point of the facility to an extinguisher location
shall not exceed 15 m.
9. Wall mounted extinguisher shall be placed on the supporting hanger or bracket such
that its top surface is not more than 1.5 m above the finished ground or floor level.
10. The extinguisher should not be placed in a location where it is likely to absorb heat
from surrounding hot equipment.
11. Suitable shades or covers should be provided to protect extinguishers in the open
from excessive heat, cold, rains or corrosive environment. Where such shades or
covers are provided, they should be designed so that the removal of extinguishers is
not hampered in the event of fire.
12. Extinguishers shall be kept in their designated places when not in use.
25
_____________________________________________________________________________________
13. A plan showing location of extinguishers and means of their access shall be
displayed at important areas and near entrance of the premises.
7.3 General Requirements
1. Extinguishers, extinguishing mediums, expelling agents and refills shall conform to

the relevant IS or UL or equivalent standards.
2. All extinguishers shall bear IS or UL or equivalent standard mark on their body and
certificates of approvals maintained.
3. Extinguishers covered by Gas Cylinder Rules, shall be checked for stamp of

approval embossed on the neck of the cylinder.
4. Refill requirements for extinguishers should be decided based on the shelf life of
charge. However, a minimum of 10% refills shall be maintained in stock at all times.
5. For non rechargeable type extinguishers, a minimum 15% of spare extinguishers

shall be maintained at all times.
6. The amount of charge in refills shall be verified by weighing.
7. Regular inspection of refills shall be done to ensure their fitness for use.
8. Certain refills deteriorate with time, exposure to extreme temperatures and moisture.
Storage of such refills for long periods should be avoided.
9. All rechargeable type extinguishers shall be refilled as per OISD-STD-142.
10. Only recommended gas cartridges for a particular type and capacity of extinguisher
shall be used.
11. Multipurpose dry powder shall not be mixed with alkaline based dry powders.
12. After recharging, leak test shall be performed on stored pressure and self expelling
type extinguishers.
13. Extinguishers taken out of service for maintenance or recharging shall be replaced
by an extinguisher of same class and equal rating. In no case extinguisher of other
facility shall be withdrawn for this purpose.
8.0 Fire Sirens and Emergency Communication System
8.1 General Requirements
Electrical/hand operated fire siren shall be installed at suitable location in installation. The
operating switch buttons shall be located near the risk area at a safe, identifiable and
easily accessible location.
26
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8.2 Fire Siren Codes
1. The following fire siren codes shall be followed for notifying emergency situations :-
i) FIRE: A wailing siren for two minutes. Sirens will be sounded three times for thirty
seconds each with an interval of fifteen seconds in between.
ii) DISASTER: Same type of siren as in case of Fire but the same will be sounded
for three times for 2 minutes each at the interval of one minutes i.e.( wailing siren
2min + gap1 min + wailing siren 2min +gap 1min + wailing siren 2min) total
duration of Disaster siren to be eight minutes.
iii) ALL CLEAR (For fire): Straight run siren for two minutes followed by
announcement.
iv) TEST: Straight run siren for two minutes at frequency at least once a week with
announcement prior to use.
2. The tone of fire siren shall be different from shift siren.
8.3 Emergency Communication System
1. Communication system like Telephone, Public Address System, etc. shall be provided
in non hazardous areas of the installation.
2. In hazardous areas, flame proof/intrinsically safe Paging System, Walkie-talkie system

or VHF Set shall be provided.
3. Walkie-talkie or VHF sets should be carried and used by officers during their routine
facility rounds.
4. Cellular phones shall not be allowed as means of communication inside the

installation.
5. Wherever possible hot line connection between City Fire Brigade and nearby
industries shall be provided.
6. Mutual Aid' arrangement with nearby industries shall be available to pool in their
resources during emergency.
9.0 Emergency Shutdown Stations
1. ESD station shall be provided at GCS/GCP.
2. The ESD stations knobs (preferably self illuminating) shall be installed at strategic
locations and control room.
3. An ESD system shall provide adequate information at the control room so that
personnel involved in managing an emergency have the information they need.
27
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10.0 Gas Detection System
The fixed gas detection system (HC and H2S, if present) shall be provided at suitable
locations in GCS/GCP where there is likelihood of hazard due to gas leakage to
continuously monitor the presence of flammable or toxic gas to alert personnel and initiate
action manually or automatically to minimize the probability of personnel exposure and
consequences of fire.
For other production installations, fixed gas detection system shall be considered based
on assessment of risk due to gas leakage. Provision of hydrocarbon gas detector in
workover and drilling rig shall be as per OISD-RP-174.
Portable gas detectors( for HC and H2S, if present) shall be available at the installation to
ascertain gas presence before issuing work permit and for use in areas not covered by
fixed gas detection system.
10.1 Functional Requirements
1. The fixed gas detection system shall be reliable and having quick response to detect
gas leakage before it reaches a dangerous concentration.
2. Flammable gas detectors shall be provided in areas where ignited gas can cause
unacceptable damage.
3. The system shall provide a warning alarm at 20% LEL in naturally ventilated areas.
4. Dispersion simulations should be performed for optimization of the number and

location of detectors within specified areas.
5. The effect of environment factors such as fog, sunlight, rain, wind, etc. shall be
carefully considered while selecting detectors and necessary protection provided for
them.
6. Toxic gas detectors shall be provided in areas where toxic gas concentrations could be
present or be formed.
7. Gas detectors should be located such that they can be easily accessed.
8. Hydrocarbon detectors shall be installed in zone 1 and 2 areas.
9. Voting philosophy should be evaluated when deciding on number of detectors.
10. The data logger shall have the facilities to actuate key functions such as inhibit and
override, status and alarm handling, annunciation, logging and printing.
11. Dedicated visual display units shall be provided for gas detection system where ever
applicable.
12. Split routing of gas detectors and use of fire resistant cables should be considered.
13. Gas detection system shall be provided with UPS and instrument air supply, if
aspiration type systems are applied.
14. The gas detection system shall be configured to activate Emergency Shut down
(ESD), in GCS/GCP on detection of gas.
28
_____________________________________________________________________________________
15. Confirmed gas detection and applied voting principles shall be decided considering the
criticality, complexity and size of installation and acceptance level of anticipated risk.
10.2 Gas Detection Alarms
1. Alarms shall be given as quickly as possible to warn on detection of gas.
2. Detection of gas, failure to execute actions on demand and system defects shall be
presented as alarms in control room.
3. Each individual gas detector shall provide alarm on gas exposure.
4. Separate display for annunciation of toxic gas alarm shall be provided.
11.0 Emergency Response Plan and Training
11.1 Emergency Response Plan
1. A well defined on-site emergency response plan shall be developed to deal with any
fire or an emergency situation.
2. As part of on-site emergency response plan, the installation shall prepare a

comprehensive fire emergency manual covering all emergency scenarios detailing the
actions to be taken in the event of fire for effective handling.
3. The key action points of emergency handling shall be displayed at strategic locations
in the installation for ready reference.
4. Off-site emergency response plan shall be prepared in consultation with district

administration.
5. Both on-site and offsite emergency response plans shall be updated and approved by
competent authority whenever there is change in operating parameters, process
and/or augmentation of facilities etc.
6. The plan shall clearly designate key personnel by title and in order of their succession
who shall be the person in-charge and cover special duties, they are required to carry
out.
7. Name, Designation, Contact No. of installation manager, safety officer, fire officer shall
also be included in emergency control plan along with fire station contact numbers
8. Emergency organogram shall be displayed at prominent place/s in the installation

such as administration building.
9. The responsibilities of each person shall be clearly defined, explained and

communicated to all concerned in writing for role clarity.
10. Fire drills: Regular fire drills, for various fire scenarios as per emergency response
plan shall be carried out. The drills should also be carried out during odd hours. Fire
tenders should also be involved in such drills periodically to improve experience and
their response time. Shortcomings of the drills shall be recorded and discussed. Also,
step-wise guidelines, to be followed for tackling various types of fire, shall be prepared
and installation personnel trained accordingly through periodic drills.
29
_____________________________________________________________________________________
11. All personnel shall participate in drills and report to their respective work places to
perform their duties as assigned in emergency response plan. Considering the size of
the installation and manpower (less manpower in certain cases) fire drills shall be
carried out in a structured manner, involving security persons also in the drill. Security
persons shall be trained in use of fire fighting equipment
12. Mock disaster drills shall be conducted periodically as per local statutory requirements
or at least once a year.
13. Surprise fire drills should also be conducted to check the response of crew at regular
intervals.
14. Evaluation should be made to identify sources of potential mutual aid for emergencies
which might occur at the site and formal mutual aid relationships should be
established. Periodic drills should be conducted to test the effectiveness of mutual aid
relationships.
11.2 Personnel Orientation
1. All new entrants shall undergo orientation program and training in fire protection.
2. New entrants shall be instructed about the emergency response plan of the
installation.
3. Every employee in the installation shall be familiarized with fire siren codes, the
location of fire siren operating switch nearest to his place of work and fire protection
system.
4. Instructions on the action to be taken in the event of fire shall be prominently displayed
at the strategic locations and familiarity with these instructions ensured and recorded.
5. Visitors and contractors personnel on entering the installation shall be briefed on the
various emergency alarms and their meaning and requirement of their reporting at
assembly point(s) in case emergency siren is sounded.
11.3 Personnel Training
1. All operating personnel, e.g. officers, clericals, operators, security, T/T drivers and
contract workmen shall receive functional training who are likely to be present in the
installation.
2. The training shall be imparted as per OISD-STD-154 and OISD-STD-176, and records
maintained.
3. Training shall include practice in combating oil, gas and electrical fires.
4. Each employee shall be given actual experience in handling the fire fighting equipment
on small practice fire, simulating actual situations as closely as possible.
5. Refreshers training shall be conducted periodically, as per clearly laid out policy, to
enhance employees confidence and sharpen their skills.
30
_____________________________________________________________________________________
11.4 Documentation
The documentation covering record of fire drills, training and inspection, maintenance and
testing of fire protection system shall be maintained and available at the installation.
12.0 Inspection, Maintenance and Testing of Fire Protection System
1. The fire protection system shall be kept in good working condition all the time.
2. The fire protection system shall be periodically tested for proper functioning and
logged for record and corrective actions.
3. One officer shall be designated and made responsible for inspection, maintenance and
testing of fire protection system at the installation.
4. Refer OISD-STD-142 on Inspection of fire fighting equipment and systems for

inspection requirements of fire extinguishers; above ground fire water tanks should be
inspected externally and internally as per OISD-STD-129 on Inspection of storage
tanks; OISD-STD-117 on Fire protection facilities for petroleum depots, terminals,
pipeline installations and lube oil installations for fixed water system and associated
equipment inspection and testing; and OISD-STD-130 on Inspection of piping
systems for inspection of metallic piping systems, including Pipes, Valves and Fittings.
12.1 Sirens and Communication System

Electric and Hand Operated Sirens, Walkie-Talkie or VHF Sets shall be tested for their
maximum audible range and effective functioning during drills.
12.2 Explosimeter and Gas Detection System
1. Explosimeter and gas detectors shall be tested for their performance once in three
months or as per OEMs guidelines which ever is earlier.
2. The calibration of gas detectors shall be done once in six months or as per OEM which
ever is earlier using a sample gas of specified and known concentration.
3. Circuit interfaces of gas detector panels shall be verified to ensure that detectors
annunciate proper zones and activate desired alarms once in a quarter.
31
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Annexure- I
Sample water calculation FOR GGS / OCS
1. DESIGN BASIS
The fire water system at Group Gathering/Oil Collecting Station shall be designed to meet
the fire water flow requirement for fighting a single largest fire.
2. FIRE WATER DEMAND FOR SINGLE LARGEST FIRE
Consider various areas in Group Gathering/Oil Collecting Station under fire and calculate
fire water demand for each area based on the design basis.
2.1 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR FLOATING ROOF TANK PROTECTION
Data
3
Total storage capacity in one dyke area : 3,000 m .
No. of tanks : 2.
3
Capacity of each tank : 1500 m .
Diameter of each tank : 16 m.
Height of each tank : 8.2 m.
a) Cooling water flow rate

Cooling water required for tank on fire
2
Cooling water rate : 3 lpm/m of tank area for tank on fire.
2
Cooling water required : 3.142 x 16 m x 8.2 m x 3 lpm/m .
= 1236 lpm. = 74.19 m/hr.
Assuming that second tank is also located within the same tank dyke at a distance of
more than 30 m from the tank on fire. In such case cooling required is at the rate of 1
2
lpm/m of tank shell area.
Cooling water required for tank falling beyond (R+30) from centre of tank on fire
2
Cooling water rate : 1 lpm/m of tank area.
2
= 412 lpm. = 24.72 m/hr.
Total cooling water required : 74.19 + 24.72 = 98.91 m/hr.
say 99 m/hr.
b) Foam water flow rate
2
Foam solution application rate : 12 lpm/m of rim seal area of tank.
2
Foam solution required : 3.142 x 16 m x 0.8 m x 12 lpm/m .
(Considering foam dam width=0.8 mt) = 483 lpm
Water requirement, if = 0.97 x 483 lpm = 469 lpm = 28 m/hr.
3% foam concentrate is used
c) Total water flow rate

Tank cooling = 99 m/hr.
Foam solution application = 28 m/hr.
Total water requirement for 2 hours = 99x2+28x65/60 =229 m.

Say = 230 m.
32
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2.2 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR CONE ROOF TANK PROTECTION
Data
Total storage capacity in one dyke area : 2000 m.
No. of tanks : 2.
Capacity of each tank : 1000 m.
a) Cooling water flow rate

Cooling water required for tank on fire
2
Cooling water rate : 3 lpm/m of tank area for tank on fire.
2
= 1098 lpm. = 66 m/hr.
Assuming that other tank is also located at a distance less than 30 m from the tank shell.
Therefore, in such case cooling required is at the rate of 3 lpm/m2 of tank shell area.
Cooling water required for tanks falling within (R+30) from centre of tank on fire
2
Cooling water rate : 3 lpm/m of tank area.
2
Cooling water required : 3.142 x 12 m x 9.7m x 3 lpm/m .
= 1098 lpm. = 66 m/hr.
Total cooling water required = 66 + 66 = 132 m3/hr.
b) Foam water flow rate

Foam solution application rate : 5 lpm/m of liquid surface area.
2
Foam solution required : 3.142 x (6 m) x 5 lpm/m .= 566 lpm.
Water requirement if = 0.97 x 566 lpm = 549 lpm. = 33 m/hr.
3% foam concentrate is used
c) Total water flow rate

Tank cooling = 132 m/hr.
Foam solution application = 33 m/hr.
Total water requirement for 2 hours = 132x2+33x65/60=300 m.
2.3 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MONITOR/HOSE STREAMS
3
Water for 4 single hydrant streams = 4 x 36 = 144 m /hr.
3
Water for 1 monitor stream = 144 m /hr.
3
Total water requirement for 2 hours = 288x2=576 m .
3.0 DESIGN FIRE WATER REQUIREMENT
Design fire water requirement would be the largest of fire water requirements calculated
3
as per 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 above i.e. 576 m .
----- ) 0 x 0 ( -----
33
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Annexure - II
Sample Foam Compound Calculation for GGS / OCS
1.0 FOAM CONCENTRATE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE LARGEST FLOATING ROOF

OR CONED ROOF TANK IN A DYKE, WHICHEVER IS HIGHER.
Foam concentrate calculation for single largest floating roof tank in a dyke.
Tank Data
3
Total storage capacity in one dyke area : 3000 m .
No. of tanks : 2.
3
Foam compound requirement for tank

2
Foam solution application rate :12 lpm/m of rim seal area of tank.
Foam dam width : 800 mm.
2
Foam solution required = 3.142 x16 m x 0.8 m x 12 lpm/m = 483 lpm
Foam concentrate required (3%) = 0.03 x 483 lpm = 14.49 lpm.
Foam concentrate required for 65 minutes= 65 minutes x 14.49 lpm = 941 liters.
Foam concentrate calculation for single largest coned roof tank in a dyke
Tank Data
3
Total storage capacity in one dyke area : 2,000 m .
No. of tanks : 2.
3
Foam concentrate requirement for tank

2
Foam solution application rate : 5 lpm/m of liquid surface area of tank.
2 2
Foam solution required = 3.142 x (6) x 5 lpm/m = 566 lpm
Foam concentrate required (3%) = 0.03 x 566 lpm = 16.98 lpm.
Foam concentrate required for 65 minutes = 65 minutes x 16.98 lpm = 1104 liters.
2.0 FOAM CONCENTRATE CALCULATION FOR GGS/OCS HAVING AGGREGATE

PRODUCT STORAGE CAPACITY 5,000 KL
Foam concentrate requirement for one portable foam monitor of 2400 lpm capacity
or four hose streams of foam solution each with a capacity of 600 lpm.
Foam solution required = 1 x 2400 lpm.
Foam concentrate required (3%) = 0.03 x 2400 lpm = 72 lpm.
Foam concentrate required for 30 minutes = 30 minutes x 72 lpm = 2160 liters.
-----) 0 x 0 (-----
34
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Annexure -III
Recommended scale of Fire Extinguishers to be provided
Sr. No. Type of Area Portable Fire Extinguishers
Drilling Rig/Workover Rig
1. Derrick/Rig Floor 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers.
2. Engine Area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher per engine.
3. Mud Preparation Pump Area 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher/ 1 No. 10 Kg DCP
extinguisher
4. Mud Gunning Pump Area 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher/ 1 No. 10 Kg DCP
extinguisher
5. Electrical Control Room 2 Nos. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguishers.
6. Diesel Generator House 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP and 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2
extinguishers and 1/2 sand drum with SCOOP.
7. Mud Mixing Tank Area and 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher each.
Chemical Laboratory
8. Diesel Storage Area 2 No. 25 Kg trolley mounted and 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP
extinguishers and 1/2 sand drum with scoop.
9. Lube Storage Area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher and 1/2 sand drum
with scoop.
10. Air Compressor Area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher per compressor.
11. Fire Pump Area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every two
pumps or min 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for
each Pump House whichever is higher.
12. DIC Office, bunk house area 1 No. fire extinguisher shed with 3 No. 10 kg DCP
and 3 NO. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher and 1/2 sand
drum with scoop.
1 No. fire bell
Early Production Set-up/Quick Production Set-up/Well Head Installation
1. Separator/Group Unit Area 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers and 1/2 sand drum
with scoop.
2. Despatch Pump Area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for each pump or min
2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers for each pump area
whichever is higher.
3. Storage Tank Area 1 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers per tank or min 2
Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers whichever is higher.
2
4. Switchgear Area 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher for every 25 m or part
thereof.
2
6. Office area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every 100 m or
minimum 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers for each
floor of building whichever is higher.
1 No. fire extinguisher shed with 3 No. 10 kg DCP
and 3 No. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher 1/2 sand drum
with scoop.
1 No. fire bell
7 Tank Truck 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for each point plus 2
Loading/Unloading Area No. 25 Kg DCP extinguishers for each
loading/unloading area.
35
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Gas Collection Station and Gas Compression Plant
2
1. Gas Compressor Area 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers for every 50 m or
part thereof.
2. Glycol Dehydration Unit 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers for each unit.
3. Air Compressor Area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher per compressor.
4. Condensate Recovery Unit 2 Nos. 10 Kg and 2 No. 25 Kg DCP extinguishers.
2
5. Switchgear Area 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher for every 25 m or part
thereof.
2
6. Office area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every 100 m or
and 3 NO. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher 1/2 sand drum
with scoop.
1 No. fire bell.
7. Computer Room and Control 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher per room
Room
2
8, Canteen 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher per 100 m of floor
area or part thereof or 1 No. 10 DCP Kg extinguisher
per room whichever is higher.
9 Tank Truck 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for each point plus 2
Group Gathering Station/Oil Collecting Station/Effluent Treatment Plant
2
1. Separator Area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every 100 m or
part thereof.
2. Oil Dispatch Pump Area 2 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every pump
3. Manifold Area 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers per manifold.

4. Storage Tank Area 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers for each tank.
2 Nos. 25 Kg DCP extinguisher for each tank farm
6. Fire Water Pump, Disposal 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every two
Water Pump, Chemical pumps or min 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for
Dozing Pump Area and each Pump House whichever is higher.
Water Clarification Plant
7. Tank Truck 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for each point plus 2
8. Emulsion Treater Area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for each unit
2
9. Lube Oil/Fuel Storage Area 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every 100 m or
part thereof or minimum 2 Nos. in each storage area
whichever is higher.
2
10. Main Switchgear Room 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher for every 25 m or part
thereof.
11. Boiler Area/Bath Heater 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP and 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2
extinguisher.
36
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2
12. Administrative Building 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every 100 m or
and 3 NO. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher 1/2 sand drum
with scoop. 1 No. fire bell.
13. Computer Room and Control 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher per room
Room
2
14. Canteen 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher per 100 m of floor
area or part thereof or 1 No. 10 DCP Kg extinguisher
per room whichever is higher.
15. Laboratory 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher and 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2
extinguisher.
16. Workshop 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher and 1 No. 2 Kg CO2
extinguisher.
2
17. Oil Sample Storage Room 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher per 100 m of floor
area or part therefore or 1 No. 10 Kg DCP
extinguisher per room whichever is higher.
18. Transformer 1 No. 10 Kg. DCP extinguisher per transformer.
19. UPS/Charger Room 1 No. 2 Kg. CO2 extinguisher per room.
REFERENCES
1. OISD-STD-116 Fire protection facilities for petroleum refineries and oil/gas processing
plants
2. OISD-STD-117 Fire Protection Facilities for Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipeline
Installations and lube Oil Installations
3. OISD-STD-118 Layouts for Oil and Gas Installations
4. OISD-STD-129 Inspection of Storage Tanks
5. OISD-STD-142 Standard on Inspection of Fire Fighting Equipment and Systems.
6. OISD-STD-154 Standard on Safety Aspects in Functional Training.
7. OISD-RP-174 Well Control
8. OISD-STD-176 Safety Health and Environment Training for Exploration and Production
(Upstream) Personnel
9. OISD-STD-216 Electrical Safety in Onshore Drilling and Workover Rigs
10. NFPA 11 Standard for low-,medium-,and high-expansion foam
11. NFPA 15 Standard on Installation of Water Spray System.
12. NFPA 20 Standard on Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps.
13. NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems
14. OMR Oil Mines Regulations, 1984
15. UL 162 UL Standard for Safety for Foam Equipment and Liquid Concentrates,
16. IS: 636(B) Specifications for Non percolating flexible fire fighting delivery hoses
17. IS: 3589 Steel Pipes for Water and Sewage
18. IS:1239 Steel Tubes, Tubulars and Other Wrought Steel Fittings
19. IS:1978 Specification for line pipe
20. IS:4989 Standard on Foam Concentrate for Producing Mechanical Foam for Fire Fighting
Flammable Liquid Fires - Specifications.
21. API 15LR Specification for Low Pressure Fiberglass Line Pipe
22. API 15 HR FRP high pressure line pipe
23. BIS: 5572 Classification of hazardous areas (other than mines) having flammable gases
and vapours for electrical installations
37
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Oisd STD 189

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OISD-STD-189

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Functional Committee on Fire Protection System for

OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE

Shri P. S. Narayanan Oil India Limited

1. Shri R.B.Bhutda Engineers India Limited

2. Shri D.D.Barma Engineers India Limited

3. Shri Arvind Kumar Engineers India Limited (till 27.11.08)

4. Shri Sanjeev Kapoor Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited

5. Shri M. A. Sheikh Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited

6. Shri T.R.Thomas Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organization

7. Shri Arshad Hussain Oil Industry Safety Directorate

Shri B. R. Gadekar Oil Industry Safety Directorate (till 05.06.09)

Shri A.D.Gosain Oil Industry Safety Directorate

Shri P. S. Narayanan Oil India Limited

1. Shri Neeraj Sharma Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited

2. Shri V. S. Kumar Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited

Shri Gulab Singh Oil Industry Safety Directorate

However it would be impractical and prohibitively expensive to design fire protection

1. Gas Processing Plants or Refineries for which OISD-STD-116 shall be referred.

3.1 Area classification

3.2 Assembly point

3.3 Central Tank Farm (CTF)

3.4 Class A fires

3.5 Class B fires

3.6 Class C fires

3.7 Class D fires

3.8 Classification for Heated Petroleum

3.9 Clean Agent

3.10 Drilling Rig (DR)

3.12 Emergency lighting

3.13 Early Production Set-up (EPS)

3.14 Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

3.16 Flammable mixture

3.17 Flash Point

3.18 Foam concentrate

3.19 Foam concentration

3.21 Foam solution

3.22 Foam solution (Premixed)

3.24 Group Gathering Station (GGS)/Oil Collecting Station (OCS)

3.25 Hazardous Area

Zone 0: An area in which a hazardous atmosphere is continuously present.

Zone 1: An area in which a hazardous atmosphere is likely to occur under normal

3.26 Ignition source

3.27 Means of escape

3.30 Quick Production Set-up (QPS)

3.33 Water monitor

3.34 Water cum foam monitor

3.35 Well Head Installation (WHI)

3.36 Workover Rig (WOR)

4.0 Fire Protection Philosophy

Activities involved in exploration and production of petroleum carries an inherent potential

4.1 General Considerations

i) Water Spray System.

7. Control room should have portable emergency lights.

4.2 Design Criteria for Fire Protection System

3. Water spray system shall be provided for GCS and GCP.

4.3 Design Basis for Fire Protection System

i) 3 lpm/m of tank shell area for cooling a tank on fire.

i) Foams in normal use have 3% and 6% proportioning ratio. Therefore, water

5.0 Fire Protection System for GGS/OCS

5.1 Fire Water Storage

3. Water reservoir shall be in two interconnected compartments of equal capacity to