50. Give the empirical formula of each of these compounds. 9 on @o @n @c @r 50, a The molecular formula is N:0,,. The smallest whole number ratio ofthe atoms (the cempitical formula) is NOs. 'b. Molecular formula: C:He: empirical formula: CH Molecular formula: P{O,y; empirical formula: P:Ox 4. Molecular formula: CH:O4; empirical formula: CHO 56. A sample of urea contains 1.121 g N, 0.161 g H, 0.480 g C, and 0.640 g O. What is the empirical formula of urea? 56. LIZ gNx—1™!N __ 9.093 « 10° mol N; 0.161 gH x! 1 69x 101 mol H 14.0072N Loose H LmolC ImolO 2 0.480 gC T201gC 00 « 107 mol C; 0.640 gO 160020 00 * 107 mol O Dividing all mole values by the smallest number: 8,003 « 10" 400x107 4.00 10 The empirical formula is NoH,CO.66. Silicon is produced for the chemical and electronics indus- tries by the following reactions. Give the balanced equa- tion for each reaction. a. SiOx{s) + C(s) Sia(s) + CO(g) ae fornave b. Silicon tetrachloride is reacted with very pure magnesium, producing silicon and magnesium chloride. c. NaySiFg(s) + Na(s) —> Si(s) + NaF(s) 66, a. SiO4s) + C(s) > Sis) + COL); Siis balanced. Balance oxygen atoms; S10; +C Si +2CO Balance earbon atoms: SiO,(s) +2 C(s) + Si(s) +2 COKe) b._ SiCI(D + Me{s) — Sis) + MgCL4s); Sis balanced Balance Clatoms: SiCl, +Mg_-> Si+2MgCl> Balance Mg atoms: SiCI(I) +2 Mg(s) — Si(s) +2 MeCl(s) . NaSiF (3) + Na(s) > Sifs) + NaF), Si is balanced, Balance F atoms: Na,SiF; + Na Si+ 6 NaF Balance Na atoms: Na,SiF,(s) +4 Na(s) > ) + 6 Nak(s) 78. Consider the following reaction: 4NH,(g) + SOa(g) — 4NOig) + 6H018) Ifa container were to have 10 molecules of O2 and 10 molecules of NH; initially, how many total molecules (re~ actants plus products) would be present in the container after this reaction goes to completion? 78. In the following table we have listed three rows of information. The “Initial” row is the number of molecules present initially, the “Change” row is the number of molecules that react 10 reach completion, and the “Final” row is the number of molecules present at completion. To determine the limiting reactant, let’s calculate how much of one reactant is necessary to react with the other. A moleculesNH, 10 molecules O2 ‘SmoleculesO, = 8 molecules NH, to react with all the Os Because we have 10 molecules of NH; and only 8 molecules of NH; are necessary to react with all the Os, O is limiting ANH(g) + SOXg) > A NO(g) + 6 HLO(@) Initial 10 molecules 10 molecules 0 0 Change 8 molecules -10 molecules +8 molecules +12 molecules Final 2 molecules. 0 8 molecules. 12 molecules The total number of molecules present after completion = 2 molecules NH, + 0 molecules O: +8 molecules NO + 12 molecules HO = 22 molecules.88. Boron consists of two isotopes, !°B and ™B. Chlorine also has two isotopes, °*Cl and *Cl. Consider the mass spec- trum of BCl;. How many peaks would be present, and what approximate mass would each peak correspond to in the BCI; mass spectrum? 88 We would see the peaks corresponding to: “BCL; [mass = 10 + 3(35)= 115 amu], "BCL "C1 (117), “BYCF'Ch (119), "BMC (121), UBNCIs (116), "BSCLCL (118), "BSCI”CA (120), "BVCH (122) ‘We would see a total of eight peaks at approximate masses of 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, and 122.