23 Transformations III

4. y

1. y 4

4 H
2
A

2 x
(2, 1) 4 2 0 2 4 6

x 2
0 2 4
(3, 1) 4
2

A T (2, 1) T (3, 1) 5. y
The coordinates of the image = (3, 1) 8

6 x=1
2. y

6 4
R R

4 2

(5, 3)
y=2 x
2 2 0 2 4
(5, 1)
x
0 2 4 6 6. y

2
8

R T (5, 3) P (5, 1) 6
The coordinates of the image = (5, 1)
4

3. y
2
x=1 (3, 5) F

4 x
J 0 2 4 6 8
(4, 3)
2

L
x
4 2 0 2 4

P Q
J (4, 3) (3, 5)
The coordinates of the image = (3, 5)

1
7. y (b)
y
4
x=7

2 8

x 6
4 2 0 2 4
R H
2
4 E
P (7, 3)
4
2 F G

8. x
y 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10

6
(i) W is a reflection in the line x = 7.
R (ii) The single transformation is an anticlockwise
4
rotation of 90 about point (7, 6).
P
2
(c) (i) The coordinates of the centre of enlargement
(0, 1) is (7, 3).
x
4 2 0 2 4 (ii) Scale of enlargement, k = 2
2
Area of H = k2 area of E
5 Q = 22 24.6
5 = 98.4 units2
4

2. (a) y
5
(a) Translation =
5
(b) Centre of enlargement = (0, 1) 8
(2, 7) (4, 7)

2
(0, 2) (6, 2)

x
1. (a) 2 0 2 4 6
y
x=3
(4, 9)

8 (1, 7) (i) (6, 2) T (4, 7)

6 (ii) (6, 2) R (0, 2) T (2, 7)

y=5
(4, 5) (b) (i) V is a rotation of 180 about point D.
4
(ii) W is an enlargement about point E with
(1, 3) scale factor 3.
2

(4, 1) (c) Area of EHJL = k2 area of EFGD

x
0 2 4 6 = 32 34.5
= 310.5 units2
(i) (1, 3) T (4, 1) R (4, 9) Area of the shaded region = 310.5 34.5
= 276 units2
(ii) (1, 3) R (1, 7) T (4, 5)

2
3. (a) y 4. (a) (i) y

6
H
6
4 (8, 4) H

4
y=2
2
H'
2
(8, 0) A
x
0 2 4 6 8 E
x
4 2 0 4 6
2 y = 1

(i) H T (8, 4) 2
(0, 2) (4, 2)

(ii) H T (8, 4) X (8, 0) (5, 3)

(b) (ii) (a) A (5, 3) P

y
J (b) A T (0, 2) R (4, 2)
10 (b)
y

8 8

6 6
H K
(1, 5)
D C X
4 4
G Z

2
A B2 E F L x
Y
=
y
(2, 0)
x x
2 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

(i) W is an anticlockwise rotation of 90 about (i) U is a reflection in the line y = x.

point (1, 5). (ii) W is an enlargement about point (2, 0) with
(ii) V is an enlargement about point E with scale scale factor 3.
factor 3.
(c) Area of Z = k2 area of Y
(c) Let the area of FGHE = p = 32 48.2
Area of LKJE = 240 + p = 433.8 m2
32 area of FGHE = 240 + p
9p = 240 + p 5. y
8p = 240
240 4
p = P
8 Q'' Q'
= 30 m2 2
90
Hence, area of FGHE = 30 m2 90
x
6 4 2 0 2 4
P'
2
Q

(a) (i) P R P(2, 1)

The coordinates of the image of P are
(2, 1).

3
 (ii) (I) Q T (0, 0) T Q(3, 2) (b) (i) y
The coordinates of image of Q are
8
(3, 2). M L
D
(II) Q R (3, 0) T Q(6, 2) 6
G
The coordinates of image of Q are J K A
(6, 2). 4
E
(b) y 2
(2, 2) B
8 F
R Q x=2 x
4 2 0 2 4 6
6
L K F G 2
C
J
P E
4 (I) V is a clockwise rotation of 90 about
M H point (2, 2).
2

S
(II) W is an enlargement about point A with
x scale factor 2.
4 2 0 2 4 6
(ii) Area of ABCD = k2 area of AEFG
(i) (I) V is a reflection in the line x = 2. = 22 area of JKLM
(II) W is an enlargement about point = 4 22.5
(1, 4) with scale factor 3. = 90 cm2
(ii) Area of PQRS = 32 area of JKLM Area of the shaded region = 90 22.5
116.1 = 9 area of JKLM = 67.5 cm2
116.1
Area of JKLM =
9 7. (a) y
= 12.9 m2
(3, 6)
6
Area of the shaded region
(0, 5)
= 116.1 12.9
= 103.2 m2 4

(2, 2)
2
6. (a)
y
x
2 0 2 4 6
E'(3, 4)
4 (4, 1)
E 2

2
y=1
(i) (4, 1) T (2, 2)
E"(3, 0)
x The coordinates of the image = (2, 2)
4 2 0 2 4
(ii) (4, 1) R (3, 6)
2 The coordinates of the image = (3, 6)
(iii) (4, 1) T (2, 2) T (0, 5)
(i) E T E(3, 4) The coordinates of the image = (0, 5)
The coordinates of the image of E are
(3, 4). (b) (i) (I) X is a reflection in the line x = 1.
(II) Y is an enlargement about point C with
(ii) E R (1, 1) T E(3, 0) scale factor 3.
The coordiantes of the image of E are
(3, 0). (ii) Area of ABCD = k2 area of EFCG
= 32 area of JKLM
= 9 15
= 135 cm2
Area of the shaded region = 135 15
= 120 cm2

4
 (b) y

8 E

1. (a) 4 B
y

4 2
D F
(1, 3)
A C
x
2 y=2 4 2 0 2 4 6
L
N
(1, 1) (2, 1) 2
x
2 0 2 4
4
P M
(i) (1, 1) (1, 3)
(ii) (1, 1) P (1, 3) T (2, 1) V is a reflection in the x-axis.
W is a reflection in the y-axis.
(iii) y
(2, 5) (c) (i) The centre of enlargement is (0, 0).
DE
(ii) Scale factor =
4
AB
y=2 =6
2 3
(1, 1)
=2
x
2 0 2 4 (iii) Area of DEF = k2 area of ABC
(2, 1) = 22 10
2
= 40 cm2

(1, 1) T (2, 1) P (2, 5) 3. (a) y

(b) (i) U is a reflection in the line PTR. 6
V is an enlargement about point R with scale (4, 5)
factor 2. (1, 4) (7, 4)
4
(ii) Area of PQR = k2 area of TSR y=3
= 22 5 2
(1, 2) (5, 2) (7, 2)
= 20 cm2
x
0 2 4 6 8
2. (a) y
Q
6 (i) (1, 2) (1, 4)
(1, 5)
Q P
(ii) (1, 2) (1, 4) (5, 2)
4
y=3 P Q
(iii) (1, 2) (7, 2) (7, 4)
2

(1, 1) A
x
2 0 2 4

(i) A T (1, 5)
(ii) A T (1, 5) R (1, 1)

5
 (b) (i) (b) y
y
U
12 10
C
x = 1
10 8

8 6
A B D
X R
6 4

2 (2, 2)
4 H
W V P Q
2 x
4 2 0 2 4 6
F G (7, 1) E
x 2
0 S T
2 4 6 8 10

AF 4
(I) Scale factor =
HG
=6 (i) J is a reflection in the line x = 1.
3 K is an enlargement about point (2, 2) with
=2 scale factor 4.
(II) The centre of enlargement is (7, 1). (ii) Area of STU = k2 area of PQR
(ii) Area of hexagon ABCDEF = 42 21
= k2 area of the shaded hexagon = 336 cm2
= 22 16
= 64 cm2 5. (a) y
Area of the unshaded region = 64 16
= 48 cm2 6
(2, 5) (6, 5)

4. (a) 4
y (1, 3)

4 2
(4, 1) (4, 2)
(0, 2)
2 x
(3, 1) 4 2 0 2 4 6
x 2
2 0 2 4 (5, 0) 6 (2, 2)
(1, 1)
2 4
(1, 2) (1, 4)

(i) (3, 1) T (5, 0) (i) (2, 2) K ( 4, 1)

(ii) (3, 1) R (1, 1) T (1, 2) (ii) (2, 2) J (1, 4) H (6, 5)
(iii) (2, 2) H (4, 2) K (2, 5)

6
 (b) y 7. (a) y
x=1
(4, 6) (2, 6) 6 (2, 6)
6
P (2, 5)
4 4
Q C
G
y=3
2 2

A
x x
6 4 2 0 2 4 4 2 0 2 4

(i) R is a reflection in the line x = 1. (i) (I) C T ( 4, 6)

T is an enlargement about point (0, 6) with Q
(II) A (2, 5)
scale factor 3.
(III) G T (2, 6) P (2, 6)
(ii) Area of Q = k2 area of P
(ii)
= 32 16 y
= 144 units2
(2, 6)
6
6. y E H

T 4
4 y=3 F M
C
B (0, 3) J G
K P 2
2

M (2, 1) L Q R D A K
x x
0 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
4 2 2 E 4 F
A B
2 2
y = x
C L
4 4

G
The single transformation is a rotation of
4 180 about point (0, 3).
3
(a) T (2, 1) (b) (i) W is an enlargement about point (2, 6) with
scale factor 3.
(b) (i) V is a clockwise rotation of 90 about the
origin. (ii) Area of JKLM = k2 area of EFGH
153 = 9 area of EFGH
(ii) W is a reflection in the y-axis. 153
Area of EFGH =
(iii) Z is a reflection in the line y = x. 9
= 17 units2
(c) y
x=1

0 x
2 B 2 E 4 F
A A'
2

C C'
4

U is a reflection in the line x = 1.

W is an enlargement about point E with scale
factor 2.

7
8. (a) y (b) y
(6, 6)
6 4
C
(4, 5)
4 2
(2, 3) R
B A
2 x
0 2 4 6
(1, 1) E F
x 2
4 2 0 2 4 6
D
2 4
(3, 2)
y = x
4
(i) D(2, 3), E(2, 1), F(6, 1)

Q Area of DEF
(i) (2, 3) (3, 2) (ii) = 22
Area of ABC
Q
(ii) (2, 3) (3, 2) T (1, 1) =4

(iii) (2, 3) T (6, 6) P (4, 5) y

10. (a)
(b) (i) W is an enlargement about point A with (2, 8)
8
scale factor 3.
(2, 6)
(ii) Area of AEFG = k2 area of ABCD 6
= 32 22.5
= 202.5 m2 4
(5, 4)
Area of the shaded region = 202.5 22.5
= 180 m2 2
(2, 2) (4, 2)

x
9. (a) y
0 2 4 6

6 2 x=3
(3, 5) y=x

4
(1, 3)
(i) (2, 2) E (4, 2)
(3, 3)
(ii) (2, 2) E (4, 2) F (2, 8)
2
(3, 1) (iii) (2, 2) F (2, 6) G (5, 4)
(1, 1)
x
4 2 0 2 4 (b) (i) X is a rotation of 180 about point T.
Y is an enlargement about point P with scale
2
factor 3.
(ii) Area of PRS = k2 area of PQT
(i) (1, 3) R (3, 1) = 32 27
Q = 243 units2
(ii) (1, 3) R (3, 1) (3, 3)
Q Area of quadrilateral QRST = 243 27
(iii) (1, 3) (1, 1) P (3, 5) = 216 units2

8
11. (a) A is a clockwise rotation of 90 about point
y
(2, 2).
(1, 6) (3, 6)
B is an enlargement about point (3, 1) with scale
6 factor 2.
(6, 5)
(c) Area of RTUV = k2 area of PQRS
4
y=3
= 22 12
= 48 m2
2
(2, 2)
(6, 1)
(1, 0)
x
13. (a) (i) The coordinates of the centre of rotation are
2 0 2 4 6 8 (2, 3).
(ii) The angle of rotation = 180
(i) (6, 5) P (6, 1) (b) y

P Q 6
(ii) (6, 5) (6, 1) (3, 6)
Q P (0, 4) X (6, 4)
(iii) (6, 5) (1, 6) (1, 0) 4

(b) (i) (I) X is a rotation of 180 about point O.

2
(II) Y is an enlargement about point O with J Y
scale factor 3. x
0 2 4 6
2
(ii) Area of OLMN = k area of OHJK
= 32 9
translation reflection
= 81 cm2 J (6, 4) (0, 4)
Area of the shaded region = 81 9 (c)
= 72 cm2 y
x = 4(4, 8)
8
12. (a)
y
6 B
(2, 6)
6
G V
4 F
(1, 5) A
4
2
S (1, 2) Y (7, 2)
2
Q
x
(2, 1) O 2 4 6 8
x
O 2 4 6 8
(5, 1) (i) G is an enlargement about point (1, 2) with
scale factor 3.
(i) Q Y (2, 6) H is a reflection in the line x = 4.
(ii) G Z (2, 1) (ii) (I) F G (4, 8) H (4, 8)
(iii) S Z (5, 1) Y (1, 5) (II) Y G (7, 2) H (1, 2)
(b) y
F
6
G V U

4
H E
S R
T
2
(2, 2) P Q
(3, 1)
x
O 2 4 6 8

9
14. (a) RQ = 3
(ii)
y
RT
RQ = 3 RT
14 =35
G
= 15 cm
12 TQ = RQ RT
= 15 5
10 (5, 11)
III
= 10 cm
F (iii) R
8
I
5 cm
180
6 T
(6, 6)
S 4 cm
II
4
E

0 x P 12 cm Q
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
1 (RT) h = 7.5
(i) The coordinates of the image of point G are
2
(5, 11).
1 5 h = 7.5
(ii) V is a rotation of 180 about point (6, 6).
2
2 7.5 2
W is the translation . h =
5 5
= 3 cm
(b) (i) PQ
Scale factor = H = 3h
ST =33
12
= = 9 cm
4
=3 Hence, the perpendicular distance from P to
RQ is 9 cm.

10