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The English Wikipedia is the English-language edition ware that powers Wikipedia, are English users.
of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. Founded on
15 January 2001, it is the rst edition of Wikipedia and,
as of July 2016, has the most articles of any of the edi- 2 Users and editors
tions.[2] As of April 2017, nearly 12.2% of articles in
all Wikipedias belong to the English-language edition.
This share has gradually declined from more than 50
percent in 2003, due to the growth of Wikipedias in
other languages.[3] There are 5,383,578 articles on the The English Wikipedia reached 4,000,000 registered user
site (live count).[4] In October 2015, the combined text accounts on 1 April 2007,[15] just a little over a year since
of the English Wikipedias articles totalled 11.5 gigabytes it had crossed a threshold of 1,000,000 registered user
when compressed.[5] On 1 November 2015, the English accounts in late February 2006.[16]
Wikipedia announced it had reached 5,000,000 articles[6] Over 800,000 editors have edited Wikipedia more than
and ran a special logo to reect the milestone.[7] 10 times.[17] 300,000 editors edit Wikipedia every
The Simple English Wikipedia is a variation in which month; of these, over 30,000 perform more than 5 ed-
most of the articles use only basic English vocabulary. its per month, and a little over 3,000 perform more than
There is also the Old English (nglisc/Anglo-Saxon) 100 edits per month.[18] By 24 November 2011, a total
Wikipedia (angwiki). Community-produced news pub- of 500 million edits had been performed on the English
lications include The Signpost.[8] Wikipedia.
As the largest Wikipedia edition, and because English
is such a widely used language, the English Wikipedia
1 Pioneering edition draws many users and editors whose native language is
not English. Such users may seek information from the
See also: Wikipedia:Milestones English Wikipedia rather than the Wikipedia of their na-
tive language because the English Wikipedia tends to con-
tain more information about general subjects. Successful
The English Wikipedia was the rst Wikipedia edition collaborations have been developed between non-native
and has remained the largest. It has pioneered many English speakers who successfully add content to the En-
ideas as conventions, policies or features which were later glish Wikipedia and native English speakers who act as
adopted by Wikipedia editions in some of the other lan- copyeditors for them.
guages. These ideas include featured articles,[9] the
neutral-point-of-view policy,[10] navigation templates,[11]
the sorting of short stub articles into sub-categories,[12] 2.1 Arbitration Committee
dispute resolution mechanisms such as mediation and
arbitration,[13] and weekly collaborations.[14] Main article: Arbitration Committee
The English Wikipedia has adopted features from
Wikipedias in other languages. These features include The English Wikipedia has an Arbitration Committee
veried revisions from the German Wikipedia (dewiki) (also known as ArbCom) that consists of a panel of edi-
and town population-lookup templates from the Dutch tors that imposes binding rulings with regard to disputes
Wikipedia (nlwiki). between other editors of the online encyclopedia.[19] The
Although the English Wikipedia stores images and audio Committee was created by Jimmy Wales on 4 December
les, as well as text les, many of the images have been 2003 as an extension of the decision-making [20][21]
power he
moved to Wikimedia Commons with the same name, as had formerly held as owner of the site.
passed-through les. However, the English Wikipedia When initially founded, the Committee consisted of 12
also has fair-use images and audio/video les (with copy- arbitrators divided into three groups of four members
right restrictions), most of which are not allowed on Com- each.[20][22] Since then, the Committee has gradually ex-
mons. panded its membership to 18 arbitrators.[23]
Many of the most active participants in the Wikimedia Like other aspects of the English Wikipedia, some of
Foundation, and the developers of the MediaWiki soft- Wikipedias sister projects have emulated the Arbitration
1
2 4 WIKIPROJECTS, AND ASSESSMENTS OF ARTICLES IMPORTANCE AND QUALITY
Committee with their own similar versions.[24] For in- ican English Wikipedia because the English Wikipedia
stance, in 2007, an Arbitration Committee was founded was the original edition.[33] Editors agreed to use U.S.
on the German Wikipedia called the Schiedsgericht.[25] spellings for primarily American topics and British
spellings for primarily British topics. In 2009 Lih wrote,
No doubt, American spellings tend to dominate by de-
fault just because of sheer numbers.[34]
3 Controversies
Main article: Criticism of Wikipedia
See also: Wikipedia Seigenthaler biography incident and
Essjay controversy
4 Wikiprojects, and assessments of
Several incidents of threats of violence against high articles importance and quality
schools on Wikipedia have been reported in the main-
stream press.[26][27][28] The Glen A. Wilson High School
was the subject of such a threat in 2008,[26][27][28] and Main article: WikiProject
a 14-year-old teenager was arrested for making a threat
against Niles West High School on Wikipedia in 2006.[29]
A "WikiProject" is a group of contributors who want to
A 2013 study from Oxford University concluded that the work together as a team to improve Wikipedia. These
most disputed articles on the English Wikipedia tended groups often focus on a specic topic area (for example,
to be broader issues, while on other language Wikipedias womens history), a specic location or a specic kind of
the most disputed articles tended to be regional issues; task (for example, checking newly created pages). The
this is due to the English languages status as a global English Wikipedia currently has over 2,000 WikiProjects
lingua franca, which means that many who edit the En- and activity varies.[35]
glish Wikipedia do not speak English as a native language.
The study stated that the most disputed entries on the In 2007, in preparation for producing a print version, the
English Wikipedia were: George W. Bush, anarchism, English Wikipedia[36] introduced an assessment scale of the
Muhammad, list of WWE personnel, global warming, quality of articles. Articles are rated by WikiProjects.
circumcision, United States, Jesus, race and intelligence, The range of quality classes begins with Stub (very
and Christianity. [30] short pages), followed by Start, C and B (in increas-
ing order of quality). Community peer review is needed
for the article to enter one of the highest quality classes:
3.1 Varieties of English either A, "good article" or the highest, "featured arti-
cle". Of the about 4.4 million articles and lists assessed
One controversy in the English Wikipedia concerns as of March 2015, a little more than 5,000 (0.12%) are
which national variety of the English language is to be featured articles, and fewer than 2,000 (0.04%) are fea-
preferred, with the most commonly advocated candidates tured lists. One featured article per day, as selected [37][38]
by
being American English and British English.[31] Perennial editors, appears on the main page of Wikipedia.
suggestions range from standardizing upon a single form The articles can also be rated as per importance as
of English to forking the English Wikipedia project. A judged by a WikiProject. Currently, there are 5 impor-
style guideline states, the English Wikipedia has no gen- tance categories: low, mid, high, top, and "???"
eral preference for a major national variety of the lan- for unclassied/uncertain level. For a particular article,
guage and an article on a topic that has strong ties to dierent WikiProjects may assign dierent importance
a particular English-speaking nation uses the appropriate levels.
variety of English for that nation.[32] An article should
The Wikipedia Version 1.0 Editorial Team has developed
use spelling and grammar variants consistently; for ex- a table (shown below) that displays data of all rated arti-
ample, color and colour are not to be used in the same ar-
cles by quality and importance, on the English Wikipedia.
ticle, since they represent American and British English,
If an article or list receives dierent ratings by two or
respectively. The guide also states that an article mustmore WikiProjects, then the highest rating is used in
remain in its original national variant. the table, pie-charts, and bar-chart. The software reg-
There has been a similar issue in the Chinese language ularly auto-updates the data.
Wikipedia concerning regional dierences in writing. Researcher Giacomo Poderi found that articles tend to
Eorts at a language fork for Portuguese Wikipedia have reach featured status via the intensive work of a few
failed, and succeeded for Norwegian Wikipedia. editors.[39] A 2010 study found unevenness in quality
Andrew Lih wrote that the English Wikipedia didn't among featured articles and concluded that the com-
have the chance to go through a debate over whether munity process is ineective in assessing the quality of
there should be a British English Wikipedia or an Amer- articles.[40]
3
???
Featured articles
Featured lists
A-class articles
Good articles
B-class articles
C-class articles
Start-class articles
Quality-wise distribution of over 5.5 million articles
and lists on the English Wikipedia, as of 29 January Stub articles
2017[41]
Lists
Featured articles (0.11%)
Featured lists (0.04%) Unassessed articles and lists
A class (0.03%)
[Note: The table above (prepared by the Wikipedia Ver-
Good articles (0.50%)
sion 1.0 Editorial Team) is automatically updated daily by
B class (2.00%)
User:WP 1.0 bot, but the bar-chart and the two pie-charts
C class (4.32%)
are not auto-updated. In them, new data has to be entered
Start class (26.41%)
by a Wikipedia editor (i.e. user).]
Stub class (53.01%)
Lists (3.65%)
Unassessed (9.94%)
5 Graphics
Other 6.09%
Austronesian 4.80%
Altaic
7.29%
Other Indo-European
58.92%
Top
25 contributor countries to the English Wikipedia.
Dark green: Native English speaking countries;
light green: countries with English as a foreign
language.[43]
nered generally positive reception from media publica- [4] The number of articles on the English Wikipedia
tions including The New York Times,[68] The Register,[69] is shown by the MediaWiki variable {{NUMBERO-
Nonprot Quarterly,[70] and Heise Online.[71] The book FARTICLES}}, with all Wikipedias as total {{NUM-
Wikipedia: The Missing Manual called The Signpost es- BEROF|ARTICLES|total}} = 44,160,825.
sential reading for ambitious new Wikipedia editors.[72] [5] See size of downloads at Wikipedia:Database download
Other past and present community news publications in- and a list of historical sizes here
clude the "WikiWorld" web comic, the Wikipedia Weekly
[6] "Wikipedia:Five million articles. Wikipedia. Wikimedia
podcast, and newsletters of specic WikiProjects like Foundation. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
The Bugle from WikiProject Military History and the
monthly newsletter from The Guild of Copy Editors. [7] "File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-en 5m articles.png. Wikime-
There are also a number of publications from the Wiki- dia Commons. Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved 1
media Foundation and multilingual publications such as November 2015.
the Wikimedia Blog and This Month in Education. [8] Phoebe Ayers; Charles Matthews; Ben Yates (2008). How
Wikipedia Works: And how You Can be a Part of it. No
Starch Press. pp. 345. ISBN 978-1-59327-176-3.
7 See also [9] English Wikipedia (30 January 2007). Featured arti-
cles. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
English Wikipedia blackout
[10] English Wikipedia (25 January 2007). Neutral point of
view. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
History of Wikipedia
[11] Wikimedia Meta-Wiki (29 January 2007). "Help:
Reliability of Wikipedia Template". Retrieved 30 January 2007.
Simple English Wikipedia [12] English Wikipedia (19 January 2007). WikiProject Stub
sorting. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
Wikipedia for Schools
[13] English Wikipedia (27 January 2007). Resolving dis-
Wikipedia community putes. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
Sidener, Jonathan (6 December 2004). Everyones [20] Wales, Jimmy (4 December 2003). WikiEN-l Wiki-
Encyclopedia. San Diego Union Tribune. Re- quette committee appointments. Wikipedia. Wikimedia
trieved 15 October 2006. Foundation. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
Meyers, Peter (20 September 2001). Fact-Driven? [21] Homan, David A.; Salil Mehra (2010). Wikitruth
Collegial? This Site Wants You. New York Times. Through Wikiorder. Emory Law Journal. 59 (2010).
Retrieved 15 October 2006. SSRN 1354424 .
Sanger, Larry. What Wikipedia is and why it mat- [22] Hyatt, Josh (1 June 2006). Secrets of Greatness: Great
ters. Retrieved 12 April 2006. Teams. Fortune. Time Warner. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
[2] about 50 percent more than the next in rank, the Swedish [23] Wales, Jimmy (20 December 2008). ArbCom Appoint-
Wikipedia. See m:List of Wikipedias. ments. Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
[3] Wikimedia Meta-Wiki (21 September 2008). List of [24] Wikidata (1 April 2015). Wikipedia sitelinks for Arbi-
Wikipedias. Retrieved 21 September 2008. tration Committee. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
6 8 FOOTNOTES
[25] Kleinz, Torsten (30 April 2007). Wikipedia sucht [44] Usability and Experience Study. Wikimedia Founda-
Schiedsrichter (in German). heise online. Retrieved 9 tion. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
June 2009.
[45] Wikimedia Trac Analysis Report Page Ed-
[26] Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (29 April 2008). Wikipedia its Per Wikipedia Language Breakdown.
threats went unchecked Los Angeles Times. Los Ange- Stats.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
les Times.
[46] Cohen, Noam (5 March 2007). A Contributor to
[27] Hacienda Heights school receives possible threat. Wikipedia Has His Fictional Side. The New York Times.
abc7.com. Abclocal.go.com. 18 April 2008. Retrieved p. C5. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
8 August 2013.
[47] Koebler, Jason (16 February 2016). The Secret Search
[28] Student arrested for violent threats on Wikipedia. Los
Engine Tearing Wikipedia Apart. Vice.
Angeles Times. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 19 January
2012. [48] Georoy, Romain (16 January 2014). Une employe de
[29] Teen charged after threat to school on Wikipedia. Wikipdia dbarque pour avoir monnay ses articles.
Bloomington, IL: Pantagraph.com. Associated Press. 31 Les Inrockuptibles.
October 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
[49] Dobusch, Leonhard (12 January 2014). Interview
[30] Gross, Doug. "Wiki wars: The 10 most controversial mit Dirk Franke ber Grenzen der Bezahlung in der
Wikipedia pages. CNN. 24 July 2013. Retrieved on 26 Wikipedia. Netzpolitik.org.
July 2013. Archived 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Ma-
chine. [50] Rosen, Rebecca (6 February 2013). If You Want Your
Wikipedia Page to Get a TON of Trac, Die While Per-
[31] English Wikipedia. "Wikipedia:Manual of Style forming at the Super Bowl Half-Time Show. The At-
(spelling)". Retrieved 25 February 2006. lantic. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
[32] English Wikipedia. "Wikipedia:Manual of Style. Re- [51] Dariusz Jemielniak (2014). Common Knowledge?: An
trieved 10 October 2007. Ethnography of Wikipedia. Stanford University Press. pp.
231. ISBN 978-0804797238.
[33] Lih, p. 135.
[34] Lih, p. 136. [52] McCarthy, Caroline (18 July 2008). Wikimedia Foun-
dation edits its board of trustees. CNET.
[35] Wikipedia: Wikiprojects. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
[53] Okoli, Chitu; Mehdi, Mohamad; Mesgari, Mostafa;
[36] "Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment. Nielsen, Finn rup; Lanamki, Arto (24 October 2012).
Retrieved 28 October 2007. The peoples encyclopedia under the gaze of the sages:
A systematic review of scholarly research on Wikipedia.
[37] Comparing featured article groups and revision patterns
correlations in Wikipedia. First Monday. Retrieved 13 doi:10.2139/ssrn.2021326. SSRN 2021326 .
July 2010.
[54] Oz, Ayelet (1 September 2014). The Legal Con-
[38] Fernanda B. Vigas; Martin Wattenberg; Matthew M. sciousness of Wikipedia. Harvard Law School.
McKeon (22 July 2007). The Hidden Order of doi:10.2139/ssrn.2572381. SSRN 2572381 .
Wikipedia (PDF). Visual Communication Lab, IBM Re-
search. Retrieved 30 October 2007. [55] Sotirios Paroutis; Loizos Heracleous; Duncan Angwin
(1 February 2013). Practicing Strategy: Text and Cases.
[39] Poderi, Giacomo, Wikipedia and the Featured Articles: SAGE Publications. pp. 237. ISBN 978-1-4462-9047-
How a Technological System Can Produce Best Quality Ar- 7.
ticles, Master thesis, University of Maastricht, October
2008. [56] Waters, John K. (2010). The Everything Guide to So-
cial Media. Adams Media. pp. 180, 270. ISBN 978-
[40] Lindsey, David (5 April 2010). Evaluating quality con-
1440506314.
trol of Wikipedias featured articles. First Monday. 15
(4). Retrieved 29 January 2017. [57] Ral315 (18 February 2008). From the editor: This week,
[41] Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Statistics I'd like to congratulate and thank Michael Snow. The
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Wikipedia Signpost. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
[42] Zachte, Erik (14 November 2011). Wikimedia Trac [58] Diener, Andrea (27 June 2015). Geben Sie Panora-
Analysis Report Wikipedia Page Views Per Country mafreiheit, Sire!". FAZ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
Trends. Wikimedia Statistics. Retrieved 19 January (in German). Archived from the original on 29 June 2015.
2011. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
[43] Zachte, Erik (14 November 2011). Wikimedia Trac [59] Libert di Panorama: a rischio in Europa con una riforma
Analysis Report Page Edits Per Wikipedia Language del copyright. Blogo: Informazione libera e indipendente
Breakdown. Wikimedia Statistics. Retrieved 19 January (in Italian). 22 June 2015. Archived from the original on
2011. 23 June 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
7
[62] The ed17 (21 January 2015). From the editor: Introduc- 10 External links
ing your new editors-in-chief. The Signpost. Retrieved 1
March 2016.
English Wikipedia
[63] Go Phightins! and Gamaliel (28 January 2015). From
the editor: An editorial board that includes you. The
English Wikipedia mobile
Signpost. Retrieved 1 March 2016. English Wikipedia on Meta-Wiki
[64] Konieczny, Piotr (March 2009). Governance, Organiza-
tion, and Democracy on the Internet: The Iron Law and
the Evolution of Wikipedia. Sociological Forum. Wiley.
24 (1): 167. JSTOR 40210340. (subscription required
(help)).
[68] Dee, Jonathan (1 July 2007). All the News Thats Fit to
Print Out. The New York Times. Retrieved 29 February
2016.
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11.2 Images
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Oct_2013.svg License: Public domain Contributors: This le was derived from BlankMap-FlatWorld6.svg: <a href='//commons.
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